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AUTHOR: 


AHN 


? 


FRANZ 


JL   M  JL.   JL^  .M^^j  m 


ANN'S  FIRST  LATIN 

BOOK 

PLACE: 

NEW  YORK 

DA  TE : 

1879 


Restrictions  on  Use: 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES 
PRESERVATION  DEPARTMENT 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC  MICROFORM  TARCFT 


Master  Negative  # 


Original  Material  as  Filmed  -  Existing  Bibliographic  Record 


877.32 
/.h6 


Ahn,  Fran2  L  e,  J^bann  Franz,  1796-1865. 

...  AIm\s  first  Latin  book.    By  Dr  P  TTpnn 
E.  Steiger,  1879.  ^  *  ^'^^'^' 

vi,  182p.    19-      (Steiger's  Latin  series) 


New  York, 


1.  Latin  languagc-Composition  and  exercises. 


I.  Henn,  Peter. 


Library  of  Congress 
©1879:  8540 


PA2087.A47    1879 


lO-233SOf 


35''>V\'Vv^ 


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MfiNUFRCTURED   TO  fillM  STfiNDPRDS 
BY   APPLIED   IMRGE,    INC. 


Ill 


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'-^C■  --^  - 


. ^Qt''^''V7rMM^0^'n-  ^^^^^-o01^^  ':■"^X:-^J^'''^^'<L; 


ATIX'S 


j^UfST  LATIN  BOOK. 


BY 


Dr    P    HENN. 


>'E\V  YORK: 


E.   S  T  E I C  E  R  &  C  0. 


j,-  wi«<i  I  J"  II""  ViL*' 


'*. 


?77    5  ^ 


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<dii.<&^ 


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(Cnlumlita  Mtttopriiitu 
ICtbrary 

ffirttrii  CuttitrjiiUni  cTluittiaii 

BORN   1835-DlED  1903 

FOR   THIRTY  YEARS    CHIEF    TRANSLATOR 

DEPARTMENT  OF  STATE,  WASHINGTON,   D.  C. 

LOVER    OF    LANGUAGES   AND    LITERATURE 

HIS    LIBRARY    WAS    GIVEN    AS    A    MEMORIAL 

BY    HIS    SON    WILLIAM    S.    THOMAS,    M.  D. 

TO    COLUMBIA   UNIVERSITY 

A.    0.    1905 


I 


I 


Special  attention  is  invited  to 
the  Exercises  in  this  vohime;  they 
are  made  abundant  that  tlie  teacher 
may  use  few  or  many  according  to 
his  judj>;ment  or  other  circumstances. 

The  Vocabularies  contain  every 
Latin  and  Enghsh  word  occurring  in 
the  Exercises. 


\ 


SPSlpBffpifijBj^r;?*]** 


r!^ti^A^4i^kiL^A  5'ii  J ,: 


i?i!aiaBlagafi 


Steiger's   Latin    Series. 


I 


AHK'S 


FIRST  LATIN  BOOK 


e 


BY 


Dr.  P.  HENN, 


— ♦—  »■ 


NEW  YORK: 


E.   STEIGER, 


1879. 


REQUEST. 


t 


The  undersigned,  in  his  efforts  to  secure  the  gieatest 
possible  correctness  in  his  educational  publications,  will  feel 
obliged  for  the  suggestion  of  improvements. 

JE.  Steiger^  Publisher. 


Copyright,  1879.  by  E.  Steioer. 


^*^ 


Ko 


r 


Prftjs  of 
E.  Steujer,  N.  Y. 


PREFACE. 


Special  attention  is  invited  to  the  following  remarks  explanatory 
of  the  system  of  instruction  adopted  in  this  Latin  Course,  and 
particularly  in  the  present  volume,  the  First  Latin  Book, 

Competent  and  very  experienced  authorities  on  the  study  of  Latin 
have  repeatedly  adverted  to  the  fact  that  the  custom  of  tasking  the 
beginner  with  a  great  mass  of  grammatical  detail,  introducing  even 
scientific  etymology  and  comparative  philology  into  a  mere  school- 
book,  must  be  considered  a  serious  burden  and  harm  to  a  young 
learner.  Less  of  theoretical  completeness  and  accuracy,  and  more 
of  sound  practical  knowledge,  and  at  the  same  time  a  greater  famil- 
iarity with  the  classic  authors,  is  the  tendency  of  our  time,  especially 
in  America,  and  it  is  with  due  attention  to  these  views  and  aims 
that  the  present  Course  has  been  prepared. 

The  main  object  of  the  First  Latin  Book  is  twofold  :  first,  to 
provide  ample  means  for  practice  in  Pronimciation,  and  secondly, 
to  enable  a  beginner  to  fix  the  Declensions  thoroughly  in  his 
memory,  to  learn  their  usage  by  translating  simple  sentences  as 
soon  as  he  commences  the  study  of  the  language,  and  to  accumu- 
late gradually  a  store  of  useful  words. 

Without  entering  into  the  discussion  as  to  the  best  method  of  pro- 
nouncing Latin,  it  may  be  permitted  to  urge  the  great  advantage  and 
importance  of  knowing  the  phonetic  system,  either  Roman  or  Conti- 
nental. As  this  is  an  accomplishment  which  can  only  be  taught  orally 
and  acquired  by  practice,  the  First  Latin  Book  contains  in  its  in- 
troductory pages  a  systematic  collection  of  reading-lessons— exhibit- 
ing Latin  words  of  every-day  use,  with  their  meanings,  and  illustrat- 
ing at  the  same  time  Accent,  Division  into  Syllables,  and  auantity 
—which,  in  consequence  of  their  practical  arrangement,  may  be  used 
with  equal  advantage  for  teaching  either  the  Roman  or  the  Conti- 
nental Pronunciation.  Closely  based  upon  this  part  of  the  book,  and 
possessing  its  chief  features,  are  the  Beading-CJiarts,  which  will 
be  found  of  great  service  in  class-instruction,  even  to  those  perhaps 
who  think  it  most  advisable  "to  leave  Latin  pronunciation  as  it  is." 


m 


3907 IS 


—     IV     — 


In  the  Paradigms  given  in  this  book  not  only  accent,  syUabifiea- 
tion,  and  quantity  have  been  properly  indicated,  but  also  the  inflec- 
tional endings  are  marked  by  bold  type,  thus  keeping  constantlv  be- 
fore  the  pupil  what  is  essential  and  what  is  accidental  in  everv  word. 
Moreover,  to  fix  the  Declensions  thoroughly  in  his  mind,  three  of  the 
nail  Charts  exhibit  all  declensional  endings,  and  as  they  are  in- 
tended for  permanent  display  on  the  wall,  thev  cannot  fail  to  make 
an  indelible  imi)ression  on  the  learner's  mind. 

In  the  Vocabularies,  Special  as  well  as  General,  a  new  feature 
lias  been  introduced,  which  will,  it  is  believed,  greatly  facilitate  the 
mastery  of  the  earlier  ditficulties  of  the  language.    It  will  be  observed 
that  in  these  Vocabularies  declinable  words  are  printed  so  as  to  show 
the  changeable  part  of  the  nominative,  and  the  manner  of  chan-in<r 
the  same  so  as  to  form  the  genitive,  when  a  noun,  or  the  different 
gender-endings,  when  an  adjective.  Thus,  virtus,  -fitis  means  :  re^ 
place  the  us  b^/  fitis  to  form  the  genitive;  and  pulchc^r,  -rtl,  -rfim- 
rejjlace  the  er  hi/    rjl,    rum  to  form  the  gender-endings.     While 
most  other  attempts  to  denote  inflectional  changes  are  liable  to  mis- 
take  or  mere  guess  -work  and  confusion,  with  our  expedient  one 
single  remark  on  the  part  of  the  teacher  effectually  removes  difii- 
cuhics  of  this  kind.    And  not  only  is  this  the  ease,  the  essential 
elements  which  enter  into  the  formation  of  the  genitive  and  gender- 
endings  being  thus  made  prominent  and  constantly  kept  before  the 
eyes,  will  enable  the  pupil  to  overcome  almost  insensibly  one  of 
the  greatest  difhculties  in  Latin  grammar,  a  result  which  can  hardly 
be  attained  by  any  other  practice,  and  least  bv  giving  all  the  inflec- 
tional forms  in  full.     The  Vocabularies   are  complete   as  re-ards 
the  words  occurring  in  the  rirst  Latin  Book.  "^ 

^  The  Exercises  for  Translation,  Written  and  Oral,  are  fairly  with- 
m  the  capacity  of  school-children;  they  are  progressive,  and  even 
interesting,  the  more  so  as  they  embrace  a  considerable  number  of 
sententious  quotations  capable  of  applicotion  to  every-dav  occur- 
rences of  life. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


I 


The  Alx)1iahet    Roman  Names  of  the  Letters page  1 

PRONUNCIATION. 
Roman  Method. 

1.  a,  a.  Long  Syllables 2 

2.  e,  e.  Accent « 

3.  1,  i;  y,  f.  Syllabiflcation,  Capitals 4 

4.  o,  o.  Syllabijication   continued \\  5 

5.  u,  ii.  Short  Syllables ...W^......  6 

6.  ae,  oe,  au,  eu.   Diceresis 7 

7.  t,  th,  rh Q 

«•  «■;• ::;::::;:;;;::;:::::::;:  I 

9.    gr,  J 9 

10.  cli,  sell -^Q 

Continental   Method. 

11.  Its  difference  from  the  Roman  Method 10 

English   Method. 

12.  Sounds  of  the  Vowels  ami  Liphthongs  u 

13.  Sounds  of  the  Consonants 22 

14.  Syllabification  and  Accent 13 

TRANSLATION  (Oral  and  Written). 
15.  16.     First  Declension.     Nouns  in  a.     Present  of  the  First 

Conjugation:  amare i^ 

17.  18.  First  Declension  continued.  Present  of  the' Auxiliary 
ess(^,  and  of  the  Second  Conjugation:  haberg.  Gen- 
eral Rules  of  Gender jq 

19.  20.     Second  Declension.     Nouns  in  us  and  um 20 

21.  22.     Adjectives  of  the  First  and  Second  Declensions  in  vis 

^j  lui^ '94 

23.  24.     Nou7is  in  er,  ir,  fir 27 

25.  26.     Adjectives  of  the  First  and  Second  Declensions  iner! 

^?  wm 29 

II  11'     ^ff'fi^'^^^^J^^-tire^     ^"^econd  Declension  completed'.'.  31 
"•     ^^^r  D^clmsion.     Masculine  and  Feminine  Nouns. 

-^1    Qo      ^r    ^^^  '''  ""•  ^''^^^''^  ""^^^'^  ^^'^'''^  Conjugation:  legere  33 
^1.  6^.     J  he  same  subject.     Present  of  the  Fourth  Conjugation: 

ser\  ire nf- 

33.  34.     Nouns  in  6t 07 


35 

.   36 

37 

38. 

39. 

40. 

41. 

42. 

43. 

44. 

45. 

46. 

47. 

48. 

49. 

50. 

51. 

52. 

53. 

54. 

55. 

36. 

57. 

58. 

59. 

60. 

61. 

62. 

63. 

64. 

6'). 

06. 

67. 

68. 

69. 

70. 

71. 

72. 

73.   74. 

< .),     t  b. 


t  t. 


ra 


79. 

80 

81. 

82. 

fi3. 

84. 

V ') . 

.^6. 

>7. 

88. 

SO. 

90. 

:>i. 

92. 

93. 

94. 

95. 

96. 

97. 

98. 

99.100. 

—      VI      — 

Kowis  in  OS p^g^  39 

Nouns  iji  er  and  er 4]^ 

JS^ouns  in  as;  Imperfect  and  Perfect  of  ess^ 43 

Nouns  in  is 45 

The  same  subject;  Pluperfect  and  First  Future  of  essg  49 

Nou7is  in  es  and  6s 59 

Nouns  in  s  2cith  pi'eceding  consonant 53 

Nouns  in  X ^r^ 

Nouns  in  lis  and  aus 53 

Neuters  of  the  Third  Declension.    Those  in  6,  ai,  ar. .   60 
Adjectives  of  the  Third  Declension:  gr,  is,  g;  is,  e. . .   63 

Adjectives  in  x  and  s  icith  preceding  consonant. .' 65 

Neuters  in   en.      Irregular  Adjectives  of  one  termi- 
nation   *  /JO 

Neuters  in  us ^O 

Neuters  in  ur.     S^me  ivords  of  peculiar  injiection. ...   72 

Greek  Nouns.     Imperative  of  the  First  Conjugation. . .   74 

Fourth  Declension.     Imperative  of  the  Second  Conju- 
gation    -Q 

Fifth  Declension ^9 

Pronominal  Adjectives:  solus,  unus,  alius,  etc.     Imper- 
ative of  the  Tliird  Conjugation 81 

Comparison  of  Adjectives §3 

The  same  suhjert.      Imperative  of  the  Fourth  Conju- 
gation  *. gg 

Irregular  and  Drfcctive  Comparison 89 

Cardinal  Numerals 93 

Ordinals,  Disfrihutives,  Numeral  Adverbs,  Multiplica- 

tives  and  Proportionals 95 

Personal  Pronouns  and  ipso ]oo 

Demonstrative  and  Determinative  Pronouns 103 

Relative  and  Interrogative  Pronouns 106 

Indefinite  Pronouns  and  Adjectives   109 

Prepositions  governing  the  Accusative 113 

Prrpo.^-itions  governing  the  Ablative 115 

Prepositions  governing  the  Accusative  and  Ablative. . .  116 
Adverbs,  Primitive,  Derivative;  their  Comparison. . .  .118 
Some  Conjunctions ^21 

VOCABULARIES 
of  all  the  words  occurring  in  this  book: 

Latin-English 125 

English-Latin ^55 


P 


THE  ALPHABET. 

As  the  Latin  language  is  now  written  and  printed, 
its  Letters  are  twenty-five.  It  has  all  that  belong  to 
the  Enghsli  alpliabet,  except  w.  Tlie  alphabetical 
names  now  most  generally  used  in  Bnglisli  schools, 
are  the  English.  Yet,  it  is  probable  that  in  the  an- 
cient spelHng  of  Latin  the  letters  were  named  in  the 


following 

manner  : 

a 

A 

ah 

m 

M 

em 

b 

B 

bay 

n 

N 

en 

c 

C 

kay 

0 

0 

0 

d 

T> 

day 

P 

P 

pay 

e 

E 

'^y 

q 

Q 

koo 

f 

F 

eff 

r 

R 

er 

S 

G 

gay 

s 

S 

ess 

h 

H 

hah 

t 

T 

tay 

• 

1 

I 

ee  (voivel) 

u 

U 

00  (vowel) 

J 

J 

ee  {consonant) 

V 

V 

00  (consonant) 

k 

K 

kah 

X 

X 

ix 

1      L 


el 


y    Y        ipseelon 
z      Z        tsaytah 

L  The  Vowels  are:  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  y.  All  other 
letters,  except  the  aspirate  h,  are  consonants.  Orig- 
inaliy,  i  and  u  w^ere  used  both  as  vowels  and  as  con- 
sonants, and  supplied  ihe  place  of  j  and  v. 

2.  The  Diphthongs  are:  ae,  oe,  au,  eu. 

3.  Double  Consonants  are:  x=cs  or  gs,  z=ds. 


k 


o 


PRONUNCIATION. 

The  Pronunciation  of  Latin  is  different  in  differ- 
ent countries.  In  the  United  States,  general  usage 
is  now  strongly  in  favor  of  either  the  Reman  or  the 
Continental  Method,  the  difference  between  these  two 
not  being  very  considerable.  Many  persons,  however, 
prefer  to  retain  the  English  Method,  which  has  been 
the  prevaihng  system  of  pronunciation  among  En- 
glish-speaking scholars  for  the  last  two  or  three 
centuries. 


1. 


Roman   Method. 


1.  As  a  general  rulo,  each  simple  vowel  is  either 
long  or  short,  but  always  confined  to  the  same  sound, 
find  never  employed  to  represent  another. 

2.  Towels  marked  thus:  a  e  i  6  ii  y  are  long: 
marked  thus:  a  e  i  6  vi  y  are  short.  A  long  syl- 
lable is  reckoned  equal  to  two  short  ones. 

3.  a  (long  a)  sounds  like  a  in  father;  a  (short  a) 
like  a  in  idea. 

4.  Most  of  the  Consonants  are  pronounced  as  in 
English;  for  Exceptions  see  below,  7—10. 

5.  A  syllable  is  long,  if  its  vowel  is  long  in  itself, 
as  in  sol,  the  sim.  or  if  its  vowel,  naturally  short,  is 
followed  by  j,  x,  z,  or  any  two  consonants,  provided 
the  second  is  neither  r  nor  1;  thus  the  a  of  ap'tiis,//, 
is  short  in  itself;  the  first  syllable,  however,  becomes 
long  by  its  vowel  being  followed  by  the  two  conso- 
nants pt.     But  if  the  second  of  the  two  consonants 


I 


—     3     — . 

is  either  1  or  r,  a  preceding  vowel,  naturally  short, 
remains  always  so  in  prose.  In  verse,  however,  such 
vowels  are  common,  that  is,  they  may  be  used  as  either 
long  or  short  (~),  thus:  tenebrae,  darkness, 

bar'  ba     mal'  va     vas     srd     a'  la     pax     fax      la'  na 

the  beard         mallow      a  vessel     salt      a  wing      peace     a  torch        wool 


flam'  ma     a'  ra      pra'  ta 

a  flame         an  altar        meadows 


ra'  pa 

a  turuip 

ha'  sta 

a  spear 

a'  stra 

stars 


sa'  xa 


rocks 

a'  da  mas 


blat'  ta 

a  moth 


ra'  na 

a  frog 

ma'  la 

apples 


squa'  ma 

the  diamond       the  scale  (of  a  fish) 


a'  mans 

loving 


a'  qua     ar'  ma 

water  arms 


a   ba 

a  bean 

a  nas 

a  duck 

dam'  na 

damages 

da'  ma 

a  fallow-deer 


a  ra'  tra 

plows 

map'  pa 

a  napkin 

fa'  ma 

fame 

fal'  lax 

fallacious 


far      itis     lam'  pas    par  pal'  ma  man  da'  ta 

spelt     right         a  light         equal    the  palm  (of  the  hand)  orders 

ra'  pax      pa'  va      fa'  ta      lar'  va      ha'  ma      ab'  bas 

rapacious        a  peahen      calamity       a  spectre     a  fire-bucket      an  abbot 

tam'  quam      pa'  lam      Spar'  ta      mas'  sa 

as  much  as  openly  Sparta  a  lump 

2.  e     6 

1.  e  (long  e)  sounds  like  a  in  made;  e  (short  e) 
like  e  in  met, 

2.  Words  of  two  syllables  are  always  accented  on 
the  first,  as :  la'  na,  loool. 

Words  of  more  than  two  syllables  are  accented 
on  the  last  but  one  {penult),  if  that  is  long,  as:  man- 
da'  ta,  orders;  if  it  is  short,  then  on  the  last  but 
two  {antepenult) f  as :   a'  da  mas,   the  diamond. 


—     4     — 

ser'  ra     pes    ve'  na    fa'  mes    mens     se'  nex     sel'  la 

a  saw        afoot       a  vein  hunger      the  mind     an  old  man        a  seat 

men'  sa    pa'  ter    ma'  ter    fra'  ter    ta  ber'  na    fa'  ber 

a  table         a  father       a  mother       a  brother  a  shop  a  smith 

ven'  ter     a'  le  a       de'  a      ta  bel'  la      rex        stel'  la 

thebellj  a  die         a  goddess  a  tablet  a  king  a  star 

fre'  na       an  ten'  na      re'  mex      pe'  des       ha  be'  na 

bridle  a  sail-yard  a  rower       a  foot-soldier  a  thong 

tes'  se  ra       pel'  ta         se'  ta         ma'  ne         ser'  pens 

a  die  a  small  shield        a  bristle       in  the  morning         a  serpent 


t      «-' 


>*  t      •^ 


~f       w 


.^   _, - '      ^ 


pen  na        a'  per        al  ta'  re        se  men      pa  pa'  ver 

a  pen  a  wild  boar        a  high  altar  seed  the  poppy 

her'  ba        pa'  le  a      a  re'  na      ma'  re      mem  bra'  na 

an  herb  chaff  sand  the  sea  a  parchment 

fe  ne'  stra     plia  r?  tra     pla  te  a 

a  window  a  quiver  a  street 

3.  i     I         y     y 

1.  i  and  y  (long  i  and  long  y)  are  pronounced 
like  i  in  machijie;  1  and  y  (short  i  and  short  y)  like  i 
in  holiest. 

2.  A  single  consonant  between  two  vowels  is 
joined  to  the  latter,  as:  sT'  tls,  thirst. 

3.  The  first  word  of  every  sentence,  proper  names 
of  every  description,  and  adjectives  derived  from 
proper  names,  should  begin  with  Capitals, 

vf  ta     sT'  tTs      sa'  ni  tas     fe'  bris      ra'  vTs      in'  fims 

life  thirst  health  a  fever         hoarseness  a  babe 

fe'  mi  na      pa'  ri  es     a'  bi  es  pT'  la  pa'  nis 

a  female  a  wall  a  sUver  fir     a  ball  (for  playing)       bread 


—     5     — 


Britan'nia  If  be  ri  If  bra  mate'ria      py' xTs 

(Great)  Britain  children  apimd  matter                  a  box 

diade'ma  ar' b!  ter  ti'lTa  lin' ter     trire'mis 

a  diadem  an  arbiter  a  lime-tree  a  boat             a  trireme 


en'  sTs 


VI  a 


li  mes       1  ter       h  ne  a        ra  dix 

a  sword           a  way             a  limit         a  journey          a  line  a  root 

syl'  la  ba     ly'  ra      pa'  ti  na       f i'  IT  a  in  fa'  mi  a 

a  syllable            a  lyre              a  pan              a  daughter  infamy 

im  pe  di  men'  ta       a'  ri  es  mi  ni'  ster  in  sa  'ni  a 

l^ggagQ                          a  ram                a  servant  insanity 

im  pT'  e  tas     fi'  des      i  ra  pi'  per 

impiety  faith  anger  pepper 


4.  o     6 

1.  o  (long  o)  sounds  like  o  in  holy;  6  (short  o)  like 
o  in  oheij. 

2.  Of  several  consonants  coming  together  between 
two  vowels,  those  which  can  be  used  to  bemn  aLatin 
word,  go  to  the  next  syllable,  as:  men'  sa,  a  table; 
tem'  plum,  a  temple;  ca'  stra,  a  military  camp. 

3.  Compound  words  must  ])e  divided  into  th(^ 
words  which  compose  them,  as:  post'  ea,  afterward. 
But  if  the  former  part  has  dropped  its  termination,  thc^ 
compound  word  is  to  be  divided  like  a  simple  word, 
as:   ta  met'  sT  (contracted  from  ta'men  et'sT),  although. 

mors      vox     me  mo'  ri  a    in'  do  les     do'  lor    tT'  mnr 

death       a  voice  memory  talents  pain  foar 

0  pi'  ni  o    vT  a'  tor       mons         tl'  ro     bT  blT  u  pO'  la 

opinion  a  traveler        a  mountain      u  beginner  a  bookseller 

ro'  ta     o'  ra      sol  te'  mo  a'  qui  lo    ton'  sor 

awheel      a  coast     the  sun    the  tongue  (of  a  cart)  the  north  wind     a  barber 


—     6      — 


^ 


—    r 


va'  p5r  im  pe  ra'  tor     te'  per   le'  o   ar'  bor  5  If  va 

Bteam  a  commander-in-chief      tepidity     a  lion        a  tree         an  olive 

mar'  mor   vT'  o  ]a       frons     or'  do     cor     am'  pho  ra 

marble  the  violet     the  forehead     order    the  heart     an  amphora 

er'  ror  por'  ta     for'  nix    ol'  la    so'  ror   ne'  pos    sors 

an   error  a  gate            an  arch          a  jar         a  sister      a  nephew      a  lot 

sar'  tor  pro'  ra    por'  ro     op  po'  no    do'  mi  na 

a  tailor  the  prow        forward            I  oppose           a  mistress 


^. 


U      U 


1.  fi  (long  u)  is  pronounced  like  oo  in  hoot,  u 
(short  u)  like  oo  in    foot, 

2.  iia,  lie,  iii,  uo  preceded  by  n<?  are  pronounced 
wa,  tve,  wiy  wo;  as:  lin'  gua,  lin  cjwa.  The  same 
rule  applies  to  the  words:  suadeo,  suavTs,  suesco, 
and  their  derivatives. 

3.  A  vowel  before  another  vowel  or  h  is  short, 
as:  vi'  a,  a  imy;  nl'  liil,  nothing. 

u  nils     hu'  me  rus      pul  mo'  nes    vul'  nus    mu'  IT  er 

one  the  shoulder  the  lungs  a  wound  a  woman 

pu  er     fun  da  men'  tum    mu'  rus     pu'  te  us    lu'  dus 

a  boy  a  foundation  a  wall  a  well  a  play 

fru'  stum      a'  nu  lus      fa'  mu  lus    a  lum'  nus    sul'  fur 

a  bit  a  finger  ring  a  servant  a  pupil  sulphur 

e  mo  lu  men'  turn       su'  tor      vo  lu'  men    nu'  me  rils 

S^iii  a  shoemaker  a  volume  a  number 

e'  qiius    e'  qua      e  qui  ta'  tus      ar  ma  men  ta'  ri  urn 

a  horse         a  mare  cavalry  an  armory 

sta'  bii  lum      pa'  bu  lum      con  sue  tu'  do     nu'  bi  lias 

a  stable  food  a  custom  cloudy 


r 


All'  gur        rus       lin'  gua 

lightning    the  country     the  tongue 

san'  guTs       sue'  sco 

blood  I  become  used 


lu'  na    sua'  vis   sua'  de  o 

the  moon         sweet  I  advise 


0. 


ae     oe     an     eii 


1.  ac  is  pronounced  like  ai  in  fair;  oe  sounds 
nearly  like  o  in  world  or  like  e  in  meixy;  au  like  ou 
in  house;  eii  occurs  in  very  few  words  as  a  diphthong, 
and  is  then  pronounced  like  oy  in  hoy. 

2.  To  denote  that  two  successive  vowels,  which 
might  otherwise  be  taken  for  a  diphthong,  are  to  be 
pronounced  separately,  the  diaeresis  ( •• )  is  placed 
over  the  second  vowel,  as:  poeta,  a  poet.  Still,  when 
the  marks  of  quantity  are  affixed  to  the  vowels,  as  in 
this  Course,  we  can  do  without  the  diasresis,  thus: 
poeta. 

3.  All  diphthongs  are  long,  as:  foedus,  a  treaty, 

4.  A  vowel  formed  by  contraction  is  long,  as:  nil 
(from  iiThTl),  nothing, 

au'  ris     tae'  di  iim    poe'  ni  tens   e'  pu  lae    moe'  m  a 

the  ear  tediousness  repenting  a  banquet  city  walls 


nau' ta 

a  sailor 


foe'  dus 

a  treaty 


laus    fraus     aes      poe'  na      prae  sT'  di  um 

praise    a   fraud      brass      punishment  a  guard 

au  xT'  IT  a        au'  ster        ae'  stas      tau'  rus 

auxiliary  troops     the  south  wind      the  summer  a  bull 

foe'  num    ae  ra'  rT  lim    a  lau'  da    Eu  ro'  pa    po  e'  ma 

hay  the  treasury  the  lark  Europe  a  poem 

a'  er    hae'  dus    fau'  stus  au  lae'  iim        eu  ri'  pus 

the  air         a  kid  lucky         the  curtain  (of  a  theater)      a  strait 


—      8      — 


f         w 


ae  ter  nus    a  moe  nus    sae  pe       re   us        prae  ses 

eternal  delij^litful  often         the  defendant       a  president 

au  di  tr/  ri  um    tro  pae'  um     Da'  na  e     Me  ne  la'  us 

a  lecture-room  a  trophy  Danae  MenelauB 


r.  t     th     rh 

t  has  the  same  sound  as  t  in  English,  hut  is  never 
aspirated,  th  and  rh  are  pronounced  like  t  and  r 
sim[)ly. 

qua  ti  o    stul  ti  ti  a     pa  ti  en  ti  a    ti  ti  o     ra  ti  o 

I  shake  folly  patience  a  fire-brand       reason 

sa  pi  en'  ti  a    mix'  ti  o    con  stan'  ti  a     sol  stT'  tT  um 

wisdom  a  mixture  constancy  the  solstice 


lae  tl'  ti  a 

joy 


pu  e  ri'  tl  a       in  fan'  ti  a       nup'  ti  ae 


f  J  ^*  ^' 


pre   tl  um 

price 


boyhood 


infancy 


a  weddinc 


in  ten'  ti  o     o'  sti  um     be'  stT  a     na'  tT  o 

an  intention  a  door  a  beast  a  nation 


coin  bu'  stT  o    pa'  stT  o    stru'  tliT  d    ar'  rha     po'  tT  o 


a  burning 


a  pasturing 


an  ostrich 


a  pledge  a  drink 

the  a'  trum      tlie  sau'  rus     pa  la'  tT  um     Mil  tT'  a  des 

a  theater  a  treasure  a  palace  Miltiades 

rhe  da'  rT  us    quae'  stT  o    tho'  rax     in  du'  tT  ae 

a  coachman  a  question  the  breast  a  truce 


8.  c 

This  letter  is  hard  and  sounds,  in  all  situaliuii.>, 
like  ky   as  :  Cicero  =  Kikero. 

ere'  ta     pec'  ten     scam'  nuni    con  cla'  ve     la'  crT  ma 

chalk  a  comb  a  bench  a  room  a  tear 


ca'  put       o'  cu  lus      ceil  tu'  rT  o      coe'  lum       cae'  des 

the  head  the  eye  a  captain  heaven  a  murder 


see'  lus     cT'  bus     con  cT'  IT  um    cal'  ce  us    f  i  du'  cT  3, 

a  crime  food  a  council  a  shoe  trust 


-y  _- 1 


f  x^. 


SO  cT'  e  tas     cT  ca'  trix      neu'  ter         su  per  cT'  IT  um 

society  a  scar        neither  (of  the  two)  the  eyebrow 

lec  tl'  ca       of  fT  ci'  na      coe'  na       spe'  cu  liim      ceu 

a  litter  a  workshop  dinner  a  looking-glass         as  if 

dis  ci  pu  lus         cy  a  nus        ci  tna  ra      la  ce  ti  ae 

a  pupil  the  blue-bottle  the  cithara  wit 


.'  „  ^ 


cy  lin'  drus    cer  vi  ces    eye  nus 

a  cylinder  the  nape  (of  the  neck)  a  swan 


9.  g    j 

1.  g  has  always  the  same  sound  as  g  in  get;  when 
doubled,  it  has  the  hard  sound  of  gg  in  dagger. 

2.  j  is  pronounced  like  y  in  you. 

ge  na    ju  gu  lum     ai  gi  tus      ge  nu     je  cur    jus 

a  cheek        the  collar-bone  a  finger  the  knee       the  liver     right 

fT  gu'  ra    gau'  dT  um    ju'  ve  nTs    te'  gu  lae     ju'  dex 

a  shape  joy  a  youth  tiles  a  judge 


I  w 


reg  num        bl'  gae       ag'  ger    an'  gu  lus    ge'  mT  ni 

a  king  dom       a  pair  of  horses       a  dike  an  angle  twins 

ag'  nus   ju'  ba    mag'  nus  ju  cun'  dus   pae  da  go'  gus 

a  lamb     the  mane  great  pleasant  a  pedagogue 

jus  ju  ran'  dum      Ja  nu  a'  rT  us      pu'  gTl    in  ju'  rT  a 

an  oath  January  a  boxer  injury 

jeju  mum     ne  go  ti  um      vi  gi  li  a  num     ju  stus 

a  fast-day  a  business  a  watch-tower  just 


.'      ?      „->      '-'      >•' 


'mm    t  W         V^ 


I     X'-' 


vir  go    pa  gi  na     re  gi  na     ja  nu  a    ju  men  turn 

a  maid  a  page  a  queen  a  door         a  beast  of  burden 


—     10     — 

20.  ch     sch 

ch  is  always  hard,  like  the  English  k;  sch  is  equiv- 
alent to  sk. 

sac'  cha  rum     ma'  chT  na       tra  chi'  a       sto'  ma  chus 

sugar  a  machine  the  wind-pipe  the  stomach 

char'  ta   ar  chT  tec'  tus   pul'  cher    chi  rur'  gus 

paper  an  architect  beautiful  a  surgeon 

chor'  da        A  rach'  ne  a  cha'  tes  A  chil'  les 

a  string  Anichne  the  agate  Achilles 

ca  chin'  nus      con'  cha        ich  neu'  mon      coch'  le  ar 

a  loud  laugh  a  shell  the  ichneumon  a  spoon 

e  chid'  na        e'  cho  pul  chrT  tu'  do        drach'  ma 

an  adder  echo  beauty  a  drachm 

ma'  stT  che      o'  chra         sche'  da      ll'  chen      scho'  la 

mastic  yellow  ochre    a  sheet  of  paper        lichen  a  school 

schis'  ma     pa'  scha      cho  re'  a      An  ti'  o  chus 

a  schism  Easter       a  dance  in  a  ring  Antiochus 


Continental  Method. 


11. 


In  the  pronunciation  of  the  vowels,  the  Con- 
tinental Method  is  identical  with  the  Roman.  As  to 
the  pronunciation  of  the  consonants,  in  which  it 
more  nearly  coincides  with  the  English  Method,  the 
following  letters  deserve  special  notice. 

1.  t  before  i  (short  i)  with  another  vowel,  has 
the  sharp  sound  of  th  in  thin;  when  preceded  by 
another  t,  s,  or  x,  or  when  i  is  long  (i),  and  in 
Greek  words,  t  retains  its  original  sound,  as:  mix'- 
ti  0,  a  mixture.     (7.) 


'it 


41 


^ 


—   11    — 

2.  c  before  e,  i,  y,  ae,  oe,  eii,  is  pronounced  like 
ts  in  nets;  in  every  other  position  it  is  hard,  like  the 
Englisli  A\  ci  before  a  vowel  has  nearly  the  same 
sound  as  ti  in  the  same  position,  and  they  are  some- 
times interchangeable.     {S,) 

3.  ch,  equivalent  to  aspirated  k  (kh),  has  a  hard 
guttural  sound  like  the  German  d>  or  ch  in  the 
Scotch  word  loch.  —  sch  is  pronounced  by  the  succes- 
sive utterance  of  s  ch.  Neither  of  these  sounds  (ch 
and  sch)  has  an  equivalent  in  English,  and  they  must 
be  learned  from  the  lips  of  a  teacher.     {^0,) 


En2:lish  Method. 

As  a  general  rule,  those  who  prefer  to  retain  the 
English  Method,  should  read  a  Latin  sentence  Jws^  as 
if  the  words  were  English^  carefully  observing  the 
directions  which  follow^  especially  the  Rules  of  Ac- 
cent {14,  3.),  and  bearing  in  mind  that  there  are  no 
silent  letters. 

12,  Sounds  of  the  Vowels  and  Diphthongs. 

1.  Yowels  have  their  long  English  sounds,  as  mfate, 
me^  jnne,  no,  tube,  type,  in  the  following  situations: 

at  the  end  of  a  word,  as:  dom'  T  ni,  masters;  cor'  nu, 
a  horn;  le'  6,  a  lion; 

before  another  vowel  or  diphthong,  as:  De  us,  (?o6Z; 
vi'  a,  a  way;  ja'  nu  a,  a  door; 

when  ending  an  accented  syllable,  as:  pa'  ter,  a 
father;  dS'  dit,  he  gave;  vi'  viis,  living;  so'  lus,  alone; 
ly'  ra,  a  lyre. 


—     12       - 

Exceptions:  a  unaccented  has  the  sound  of  final  a 
in  America;  as:  men'  sS,  a  tdhle.  In  tlbT.  to  thee,  and 
sTbl,  to  one's  self,  final  i  has  its  short  sound. 

2.  Vowels  have  their  short  English  <=ounds,  as  in 
fat,  met,  pin,  not,  tub,  symbol,  when  lollowed  by  a 

consonant  in  the  same  syllable,  as:  mag'  nus.  great: 
^'^'  g^,  I  fashion;  cor' pus,  a  body:  mens,  the  mind. 
Exceptions:  post,  after,  is  pronounced  as  the  same 
word  in  English;  the  termination  es  like  tlie  English 
word  ease,  and  the  termination  os  like  ose  in  morose. 
Exam])les:  a'  ves,  birds;  pu'  e  ros,  boys. 

3.  The  Diphthongs  ae  and  oe  are  pronounced  as  e 
would  be  in  the  same  place;  an  like  mv,  and  en  like 
€W,  as:  poe  u^, punishment;  a\i  rum,  (/old;  EurG'pa, 
Europe;  Cae' sar,  Caisar. 

iS*  Sounds    of   the    Consonants. 

The  Consonants  are  pronounced,  in  general,  as  in 
English.  The  following,  however,  deserve  special 
notice: 

1.  c  and  g  are  soft  (like  s  and  j)  before  e,  i.  y,  ae, 
and  oe,  and  hard  in  other  situations,  as:  cen'  tum,  a 
hundred;  ci'  vTs,  a  citizen;  ca'  do,  I  fall;  ge'  nu,  the 
knee;  gra'  num,  a  grain. 

2.  eh  is  hard  like  k,  as:  clio'  rus,  a  choir. 

3.  The  consonants  c,  s,  t,  immedi|^tely  preceded 
by  the  accent,  and  standing  before  i,  followed  by  an- 
other vowel,  are  aspirated,  c,  s,  and  t  taking  the 
sound  of  s/«,  X  that  oiksh.  as:  so'  ei  us  (so' she  us),  a 
companion ;  Hel  ve'  ti  a  (Hel  ve'  shi  a),  Switzerland.— 
c  following  an  accented  syllable  has  also  the  same 


1 


♦ 


I 


I 


—     13    — 

sound  before  eu  and  yo  as:  ca  du'  ce  us  (ca  du'  she- 
us),  a  herald^ s  staff,  —  t  preceded  by  another  t,  s,  or 
X,  has  its  hard  sound,  as:  o'  sti  um,  a  door)  mix'  ti  o, 
a  Tnixture. 

14:,  Syllabification  and  Accent. 

1.  After  a  vowel  with  the  long  sound  (or  diph- 
thong), consonants  are  joined  to  the  following  vowel, 
as:   ma'  tres,  mothers;  au  dl'  vi,  I  heard. 

2.  After  a  vowel  with  the  short  sound,  a  single  or 
double  consonant  is  joined  to  such  vowel,  as:  gen'  e- 
ri,  sons-in-law ;  rex'  T,  /  ruled.  Two  consonants  should 
be  separated,  as:  bel'lum,  a  war;  mun'dus,  the  world; 
and  of  three  or  more  consonants,  the  last,  or  if  a 
combination  of  b,  p,  c,  g,  d,  t,  with  1  or  r,  the  last 
two  are  joined  to  the  following  vowel,  as :  tem'  plum, 
a  temple;  con'  tra,  against. 

3.  The  following  are  the  principal  Rules  of  Ac- 
cent of  the  EngUsh  Method: 

Words  of  two  syllables  are  always  accented  on 
the  first  syllable. 

Words  of  more  than  two  syllables  are  accented 
on  the  last  but  one  {penult),  if  that  is  long,  as: 
ami'  cus,  a  friend;  if  it  is  short,  then  on  the  last  but 
two  (antepenult),  as:  dom'  i  nus,  a  master. 


—      lA     — 


—     15 


TRANSLATION    (Oral  and  Written). 


15. 

t 

Singular. 

Plural. 

Nom. 

men'  s3.,  a  table 

men'  sae,  iaJ)lef^ 

Gen. 

men'  sae,  0/  a  table 

men  sa'  rum,  of  tables 

Dat. 

men'  sae,  to  a  table 

men'  sis,  to  tables 

Ace. 

men'  sa,in,  a  table 

men'  sas,  ^<7/>^e.s* 

Voc. 

men'  s3,,  0  table 

men'  sae,  0  tables 

Abl. 

men'  sa,  icith  a  table 

men'  sis,  ici/Zi  /a^/e^- 

1.  The  Latin,  like  the  English,  has  two  Numbers; 
the  Sin^ar  Number  denotes  one,  the  Plural,  more 
than  one. 

2.  There  are  six  Cases  in  Latin:  the  Nominative, 
Genitive,  Dative.  Accusative,  Vocative,  and  Ablative. 

The  Nominative  is  the  case  of  the  subject,  and 
answers  to  the  English  Nominative. 

The  Genitive  may  be  translated  by  the  English 
Possessive  or  by  the  preposition  of. 

The  Dative  may  usually  be  translated  by  the 
preposition  to  or  for,  but  sometimes  it  corresponds 
to  the  English  Objective. 

The  Accusative  nearly  corresponds  to  the  English 
Objective. 

The  Vocative  is  the  case  of  direct  address. 

The  Ablative  may  usually  be  translated  by  the 
prepositions /ro;n,  hy,  ivith. 

3.  The  formation  of  the  several  cases  is  called  De- 
clension. There  are  five  Declensions  in  Latin,  dis- 
tinguished by  the  endings  of  the  Genitive  Singular. 


I 


Latin  nouns  which  have  ae  in  the  Genitive  Singular, 
are  of  the  First  Declension. 

4.  The  Latin  has  no  Article;  therefore  mensa  may 
be  rendered  a  table,  or  the  table,  or  simply  table,  ac- 
cording to  the  connection. 

Like  mensa  declhie  the  following  nouns: 

India,  -ae,  India  puelia,  -ae,  a  girl   ^ 

patria,  -ae,  one's  native  land;,  victoria,  -ae,  a  victory  ■ 


home 
gemma, -ae,  a  precious  stone, 

gem 
Roma,  -ae,  Rome 
rOgina,  -ae,  a  queen  • 
Italia,  -ae,  Italy 
acjuiia,  -ae,  an  eagle 
pirata,  -ae,  ajnrate  • 
Ora,  -ae,  tlte  coast   • 
insula,  -ae,  an  island  ' 
nauta,  -ae,  a  sailor,  seaman- 


fuga,  -ae,  a  flight 
discli)uia,  -ae,  a  (female)  * 

pupil 
magistra,  -ae,  a  (few.ale)  ' 

teacher 
dlligentia,  -ae,  diligence  ' 
luseinia,  -ae,  the  nightingale  * 
umbra,  -ae,  a  shade,  shadow  • 
silva,  -ae,  a  wood,  forest 
rosa,  -ae,  a  rose    • 


\i 


vioia,  -ae,  a  violet  • 
historia,  -ae,  history,  a  story  • 

* 

a  ma'  re,  to  love,  like 
Present,     a'  mo,  I  love,  am  loving,  do  love 

a'  mas,  thou  lovest,  art  loving,  dost  love 
a'  mat,  he  loves,  is  loving,  does  love 
a  ma'  miis,  we  love,  are  loving,  do  love 
a  ma'  tis,  you  love,  are  loving,  do  love 
a'  mant,  they  love,  are  loving,  do  love 

5.  There  are  four  Conjugations  distinguished  from 
each  other  by  the  Infinitive  endings.  Verbs  whose 
Trifinitive  ends  in  ar^,  as:  amare,  to  love,  are  of 
the  First  Conjugation.  The  Present  is  formed  by 
changing  are  of  the  Infinitive  into  o,  as :  ama'r^  — 
a' mo. 

6.  The  pronouns  /,  thou,  we,  you  are  not  usually 
expressed  in  Latin,  as  the  endings  of  the  verb  show 


~     16     — 

the  person  and  number.  Remember  that  thou  is 
mostly  confined  to  solemn  discourse,  and  that  in 
ordinary  English  you  is  used  for  the  second  person 
both  in  tlie  singular  and  plural. 

To  conjugate  a  Latin  verb  negatively  or  inter- 
rogatively, no  Auxiliary  is  required,  as  in  English, 
thus:  non  aniG,  /  do  not  love;  amas?  do  yua\ve? 
cur  non  amas?  why  do  you  not  love? 

Form  the  Present  Indicative  of  the  following 
verbs  which  are  conjugated  like  amar^: 

devastarg,  to  devastate  '  laudarg,  to  praise  , 

fugarC,  toputtojiight'  dcloctarg,  to  delight  * 

nimtlarg,  to  announce '  narrarg,  to  tell  • 

obtemp^rarg,  to  obey  . 


i 


cQr,  why  est,  is  nOn,  not  ot,  and 

India  est  patrla  gemmarum.  Roma  est  reglna  ItalTae. 
AquHa  silvas  aniat.  Finitae  oras  insillae  devastant.  Nautae 
cur  non  fugatis  piratas  ?  Puellae  nautarum  victoriani  et  fu' 
gam  piratarum  nuntiant.  Discii)rilae  obtemperant  magistrae. 
MagK>txa  landat  discipularum  diligentiam.  Luscinia  amat 
umbram  silvae.  Rosae  et  violae  delectant  puellas.  Magistra 
puelhs  historian!  narrat ;  historia  delectat  puellas. 

Some  more  nouns  of  the  First  Declension: 

rana,  -ae,  a  frog 

terra,  -ae,  the  earth,  land 

sphaera,  -ae,  a  globe 


nva,  -ae,  the  grape 
luna,  -ae,  the  moon 
Stella,  -ae,  a  star 
via,  -ae,  a  tcay,  road 
meOia,  -ae,  an  inhabitant 
agrlc(3ia,  -a«,   a  farmer, 

husbandman 
amlcltia,  -ae,  friendship 
gloria,  -ae,  glory 
vita,  -ae,  life 


Pennsilvania,  -ae,  Pennsylvania 


iilauda,  -ae,  a  lark 

nuntia,  -ae,  a  (female)  messenger 

aurora,  -ae,  the  morning,  dawn 

aqua,  -ae,  icater 

SIcIlia,  -ae,  Sicily 

Europa,  -ae,  Europe 

CrCta,  -ae,  Crete 


'-4 


—    17    — 

Write  the  following  verbs  of  the  First  Conjuga- 
tion  m  the  Present  Indicative: 

observard,  to  observe  monstrarg,  to  show 

obscQrare,  to  obscure,  eclipse 

sunt,  are 
Puellae  amant  uvas.  Nauta  observat  lunam  et  Stellas. 
Luna  et  stellae  nautae  viam  monstrant.  SicilTa  est  insula 
Europae.  Sicilia  et  Creta  sunt  insulae.  Incolae  insularum 
sunt  nautae.  Incolae  Pennsilvaniae  sunt  agricolae.  Amici- 
tia  est  gloria  vitae.  Ranae  sunt  incolae  aquae  et  terrae. 
Terra  est  sphaera.  Historia  est  magistra  vitae.  Alauda 
nuntia  aurorae  est.  Terrae  umbra  lunam  obscurat.  Fu^ra 
nautarum  incolas  insularum  delectat.  Puellae,  cur  non  oV 
temperatis  magistrae  ?  ;  i^  uu 


^^.  Britannia,  -ae,  Britain 
domlna,  -ae,  a  mistress 
ancilia,  -ae,  a  servant-girl 
vituperare,  to  blame 
intefdtim,  sometimes 


schoia,  ^ae,  a  school 
saplentia,  -ae,  wisdom 
filia,  -ae,  a  daughter 
peninsula,  -ae,  ajoeninsula 
poeta,  -ae,  a  poet 


planta,  -ae,  a  plant 

the  ^r^ttfend"'"  ^'""'^  ''  ^''^  '^^'''''''^  '''  ""^  -"^--'  ^^^ 

Britain  is  an  island  of  Europe.  The  inhabitants  of  Britain 
aresea„,en.  The  mistress  does  not  praise  the  servant-S 
she  blames  the  servant-girl.  Life  is  sometimes  a  schooT  of 
wisdom.  Nightingales  like  the  shades  of  the  forest.    I  ten  to) 

ZT%l''':''''Vr'r-  ^-°P-- peninsula.  iSil 
MO  cts.  The  moon  delights  the  poet  and  the  farmer.  Roses 
and  violets  are  plants.     Girls  like  roses  and  violets. 


pa  rare,  to  jjrepare 
pluma,  -ae,  the  feather 
concha,  -ae,  the  shell 


arare,  to  plow 
corona,  -ae,  a  crown 
parsImOnia,  -ae,  frugality 


.■p?«'rsr sr,  ."s,  *  ""■  ""-'■  -.  - ». 


f 


--     18     — 

Farmers  love  (their)  daughters.  The  girls  are  preparing 
the  table.  Feathers  and  shells  delight  a  sailor's  daughter; 
precious  stones  delight  the  daughter  of  a  queen.  The  husband- 
man is  plowing.  Husbandmen,  why  do  you  not  plow  the 
land?  The  girl  shows  the  way  to  the  husbandman.  An 
island  is  the  native  land  of  sailors.  Friendship  is  the  crown 
of  life.     The  life  of  farmers  is  the  school  of  frugality. 


Present. 


ha  be'  re,  to  have 

hii'  beo  ,  I  have 
ha'  bes,  thou  hast 
ha'  bet,  he  has 
ha  be'  nius,  ive  have 
ha  be'  tls,  you  have 
ha'  bent,  they  have 


17.         cs'  sC,  to  he 

sum,  lam 
Cs,  thou  art 
est,  he  is 
sil'  mus,  ice  are 
e'  St  IS,  you  are 
sunt,  they  are 

1.  The  verb  esse,  to  he,  is  quite  irregular;  it  is 
the  only  auxiliary  verb  in  Latin,  but  it  is  also  used 
as  a  j)rincipul  verb. 

2.  Verbs  whose  Infinitive  ends  in  er6,  as:  liabe- 
rl\  to  have,  belong  to  the  Second  Conjugation.  The 
Present  is  formed  by  changing  ev6  of  the  Infinitive 
into  eo  as:  habere  —  liabeo. 

Write  the  following  verbs  of  the  Second  Conjaga- 
tion  in  the  Present  Indicative: 

placere,  to  please,  be  pleasing  to  timbre,  to  fear 

3.  There  are,  as  in  English,  three  Genders:  Mas- 
culine. Feminine,  and  Neuter.  The  gender  of  Latin 
nouns,  in  many  instances,  is  to  be  determined  by 
their  signification,  according  to  the  following 

General  Rules. 
a.  Masculine    are    the    names    of   males,    rivers, 
winds,  and  months,  as:  nauta,  a  sailor;  Rheniis,  the 
Rhine;  notus,  the  south  wind;  Aprills,  April, 


I 


—     19    — 

b.  Feminine  are  the  names  of  females,  coun- 
tries, towns,  islands,  and  trees,  as:  vircrg,  a  maid; 
Aegyptiis,  Fgijpt;  NeapolTs,  Naples;  Rhodus,  Rhodes; 
pTrus,  a  pear-tree. 

c.  Neuter  are:  all  Indeclinable  N"ouns,  terms  or 
phrases  used  as  nouns,  and  words  quoted  merely  as 
such,  without  reference  to  their  meaning,  as:  nihil, 
nothing;  scire  tuum,  thj  knowledge;  hoc  dm,  this 
(word)  diu. 

4.  Tlie  gender  of  nouns  not  determined  by  their 
signification,  is  to  be  ascertained  by  their  termi- 
nations, according  to  Special  Rules  of  Gender  for 
the  several  declensions. 

5.  Xouns  of  the  First  Declension  ending  in  a, 
are  feminine.  Nearly  all  the  exceptions  are  such  as 
are  masculine  by  their  signification,  according  to  the 
(General  Rule  abovr'  mentioned  (3  a.)  as:  nauta,  a 
sailor;  also  Hadria,  the  Adriatic, 

Point  out  the  masculine  nouns  of  the  foUowino- 
list:  "^^ 


ula,  -ae,  a  icing 
p('<Tiniii,  -ae,  money 
cnluinba,  -ae,  a  dove 
ij^aliliia,  -ae,  a  hen 
laboriire,  to  icork 
si)Ina,  -ae,  a  Ihorn 
nebula,  -ae,  a  fog 


formica,  -ae,  an  ant 
ngura,  -ae,  a  shape 
vacea,  -ae,  a  coiv 
scriba,  -ae,  a  clerk 
poena,  -ae,  jmnishment 
pTgiitia,  -ae,  laziness 
inopla,  -ae,  want 


AquHa  ha])ct  alas.  Filiae  agricolae  habent  rosas.  Re^Tna 
l^oronam  babet.  Puclla  pecmiTam  habet.  Columbae  et  m- 
^ina<3  alas  habent.  FilTae  agricolae  laborant ;  tiliae  agricolae 
sunt  ancillae.  Laudamus  diligentiam  agricolarum.  Puella 
iiahet  rosam.  Rosa  puellae  placet  magistrae.  Rosa  habet 
spinas.     Uvae  et  violae  dclectant  puellas.     Nautae  tirnent 


20     — 


—     21 


nebulam.  Formlcae  habciit  roglnaiii.  Teiru  ba])('t  fi^^nlram 
si)]ia(Ta(\  Agricolac^  liabent  vaccas,  C()luinl)a-  •  i  galllnas. 
Ilistorla  est  magistra  sapieutiae.  Scriba  liabct  mensani. 
Poena  pigritiae  est  inopia. 


]S.  vTtil  nistTca(-ae-ae),  covn-  mras,  outdoors' 

luxuria,ae, /«./•?//•?/  [ftylife  tains%  -ae,  rcpaiallon,  fame 

causa,    ao,  a  rausr  iii«ulcstia,  -ae,  viuih'st}/ 

proct'lUi,  -a<N  rf  .storm  leiuiiiil,    iu\  a  iroman 

pluvia,  -ae,  rain  epistuUl,  -ae,  a  letter 

ubi,  where  exspectare,  to  wait  for 

A  country  life  is  the  teacher  ot*  frugality,  l.uxiiry  is  the 
cause  of  want.  Roses  and  violets  are  pleaMnu  to  the  girls. 
Seamen  do  not  fear  storm  and  rain.  Where  are  the  girls? 
They  are  outdoors,  they  are  telling  a  story  to  the  farmer's 
daughter.  Frogs  are  inhabitants  of  water  and  land.  The 
reputation  of  modesty  is  the  crown  of  women.  Tlu^  clerk  has 
a  letter.  Doves  have  wings.  Why  do  you  not  wait  for  the  far- 
mer's girls?  Why  do  you  not  work?  AA'e  praise  the  farmer's 
diligence,  and  we  blame  the  clerk's  laziness.  The  teacher 
blames  (her)  i)Ui)ils.     Modesty  is  the  glory  of  girls. 


UK 

Nom. 

Gen. 

Dat. 

Ace. 

yoc. 

Abl. 


tlrr  vl  us,  a  river 
tlu'  vl  1,  of  a  rirer 
flu'  vl  o,  to  a  rirer 
flrr  VI  uni,  a  rirer 
flu'  VI  e,  0  rirer 
flu'  vi  o,  with  a  rirer 


Singular. 

tec'  I  fun,  a  rooj 
tec'  IT,  of  a  roof 
li'c'  to,  to  a  roof 
tec'  tuiii,  a  roof 
tec'  tfiiii,  0  roof 
tec'  to,  with  a  roof 


Plural. 


Nom. 

Gen. 

Dat. 

Ace. 

Voc. 

Abl. 


flu'  vl  1,  rivers^ 
flu  VI  6'  rum,  of  rivers 
flu'  VI  IS,  to  rivers 
flu'  VI  OS,  rivers 
flu'  vl  T,  0  rivers 
flu'  VI  is,  with  rivers 


tec'  ta,  roofs 

tec  to'  rum,  of  roofs 

tec'  tis,  to  roofs 

tec'  t&,  roofs 

tec' ta,  0  roofs 

tec'  tis,  with  roofs 


I 


I 


1.  Latin  nouns  whose  genitive  is  i,  are  of  the 
Second  Declension.  In  the  nominative  they  end  in  iis, 
^r,  ir,  ur,  um.  Those  ending  in  fiiii  are  neuter,  the 
rest  are  mascuhne. 

2.  The  following  are  General  Rules  applying  to 
all  Declensions: 

a.  In  ])oth  numbers  the  A'ocative  is  the  same  with 
the  nominative,  except  in  the  singular  of  nouns  in 
us  of  the  Second  Declension. 

b.  Xeuter  nouns  have  the  nominative,  accusative, 
and  vocative  alike  in  both  numbers,  and  these  cases, 
in  the  plural,  always  end  in  a. 

c.  The  dative  and  ablative  plural  are  always  alike. 

Like  fluvTus  and  tectum  decline  the  following 
nouns: 


domlntis,  -i,  a  master^  lord 
mundtis,  -i,  the  world 
annus,  -i,  a  year 
morbiis,  -i,  a  disease 
unimiis,  -i,  the  mind,  soul 
discipultis,  -i,  a  scholar,  2)^fp^^ 
gl(5bus,  -i,  a  globe 
ventOs,  -i,  ivind 
^quiis,  -i,  a  horse 
5culus,  -i,  an  eye 
horttis,  -i,  a  garden 
Janiiarius,  -i,  January 


caelum,  -i,  the  heaven,  sky 
auriim,  -i,  gold 
ferriiin,  -i,  iirm 
nietallum,  -T,  a  metal 
mitiiim,  -i,  a  beginning 
vitium,  -i,  a  vice,  fault 
signiim,  -i,  a  sign 
insectum,  -i,  an  insect 
pratiim,  -i,  a  meadow 
mendaciiim,  -i,  a  lie 
furtiim,  -1,  theft 
aedlficium,  -i,  a  building 


ripa,  -ae,  the  bank  {of  a  stream)    arcere,  to  keep  off 
musca,  -ae,  a  fly  saglnare,  to  make  fat 

ubique,  everywhere 

Ubi  est  dominus  caeli  ct  tcrrac  ?  Ubique.  Fluvius  habet 
ripas.  Aurum  est  nietallum.  Aurum  et  fcrrum  sunt  metalla. 
Vitium  est  morbus  animi.     Yitia  sunt  morbi  animi.     Nautae 


oo 


■/l 


--       23 


observant  signa  caeli,  lunam  ct  Stellas.  INIodestTa  est  initium 
sapientTae.  Terra  habet  fi-uram  globi.  Formica  est  insec- 
tum  Musca  est  insectum.  Fornileae  et  miiscae  sunt  msecta. 
A<'-ricr.lae  ha])ent  hortos  et  prata.  MendacTuni  est  initiuni 
flirt i.  Tectum  aediticTi  areet  pluvTam  et  ventum.  Oeulus  do- 
mini  saglnat  equum.     JanuarTus  est  initium  anni. 


20.  plumbum,  -i,  lead 
argeiituiii,  -i,  ailver 
NIlus,  -1,  the  (river)  Nile 
Aegyptus,  -i,  Enypt 
aniTcfis,  -i,  a  friend 
acervus,  -i,  a  heap 
frunientriiii,  -i,  corn 
aniiit,  -oruni  (pi),  arms- 
instriimentfiin,  -i,  an  imple- 
ment 


bolliim,  -T,  rear 
invHlia,  -ae,  envy 
vTnuni,  -I,  wine 
Dfinublus,  -i,  the  Banuhe 
GermauTa,  -ae,  Germany 
Rh^nfls,  -T,  the  Rhine 
perlculuiii,  -T,  danger,  peril 
tabula,  -ae,  a  slate 
stiliis,  -1,  a  pencil 


The  farmers  have  gardens,  hens,  doves,  cows,  and  horses. 
Silver  is  a  metal;  lead  is  a  metal;  gold,  silver,  and  lead  are 
metals.  The  moon  and  tbc  stars  arc  signs  of  heaven.  The 
Nile  is  a  river  of  Egypt.  A  friend  loves  (his)  frieml.  Heaps 
of  corn  delisrht  the  farmer.  Arms  are  implements  of  war. 
Envy  is  a  vice.  The  farmer  has  corn  and  wine.  The  Lord 
of  heaven  and  earth  is  everywhere.  The  Danube  is  a  river  of 
Germany.  The  Danube  and  the  Rhine  arc  rivers  of  Germany. 
Farmers  fear  the  dangers  of  war.  Scholars  have  slates  and 
pencils. 


Of 


Adjectives  in  fis,  a,  fim. 

bonus,    bona,    bonura,    good 
Singular. 


Nom. 

Gen. 

Dat. 

Ace. 

Voc. 

Abl. 


Ttl. 

b5'  niis 
bo'  ni 
bo'  no 
bo'  niini 

bo'ng 
bo'  uo 


/. 
b5'na 
bo'  nae 
b6'  nae 
bo'  nSm 
bo'  na 
bo'  ua 


71. 

bo'  niim 

bo'  ni 
bo'  no 
bo'  iifim 
bo'  num 

bo'  no 


m. 

n. 

Nom. 

biV  111 

bo'  nae 

bo'  n3. 

Gen. 

l)o  no'  rum 

bo  ml'  rfiiii 

1)6  no'  riim 

Dat. 

))(V  ins 

b(V  Ills 

1)6'  nis 

Ace. 

l)o'  nos 

bo'  uas 

b6'  na 

Voc. 

1)6'  ni 

bo'  nae 

b6'  na 

Abl. 

bo'  uTs 

bo'  nis 

bo'  nis 

])eeline  in  the  same  manner: 

soduliis,  Si'duia,  sPduliini,  busy 

tinildus,  tiinlda,  timldiim,  timid 

rotundfis,  rotunda,  rotundiim,  round. 

odorils,  odora,  6d6rum,  fragrant 

clarus,  clara,  clarum,  bright,  clear,  famous 

iCicidiis,  iCicida,  lucidiim,  shining 

aniriils,  ardila,  arduum,  arduous,  stt^cp 

umbrosiis,  unibrosa,  unibrosiiin,  shady 

garruliis,  garruia,  garrulfini,  garrulous 

mode'  stiis,  mode'  sta,  mode'  stiini,  modest 

beat  us,  beata,  beatiini,  happy,  blessed 

albtis,  alba,  albiiiu,  white 

fiilvus,  fulva,  fulvum,  yellow 

mult  lis,  multa,  multiim,  much,  many 

magnus,  magna,  magnum,  great,  large,  big 

parvus,  parva,  parviim,  little,  small 

liumanfis,  humana,  hfimaniim,  human 

obnoxius,  obnoxta,  obnoxium,  subject,  lialjle 

vCrQs,  vera,  verum,  true 

semplter'  nus,  semplter'  na,  sempiter'  num,  everlasting 

necessarlus,  necessaria,  necessarliim,  necessary 


Singnlar. 

Nom.    nau'ta  lac'tiis,  a  merry  sailor 
nau'tae  lae'tT,    of  a  merry  sailor 
nau'tae  lae'to,   to  a  merry  sailor 
nau'tam  lae'tum,   a  merry  sailor 
nau'ta  lae'tg,    0  merry  sailor 
nau'ta  lae'to,   with  a  merry  sailor 


Gen 
Dat. 
Ace. 
Voc. 
Abl. 


.^     'U     — 

Plural. 

Nom.  nau'tae  lae'li,   merry  sailors 

Gen,  nuuta-'riiiu  laeto'rum,   of  merry  sailors 

Dat.  nau'tis   lae'iis,   to  merry  sailors 

Ace.  iiau'tiis   lae'tos,   merry  sailors 

Voc.  nau'tae  lao'ti,    0  merry  sailors 

Abl.  nau'tis  lae'tis,    ivilk  merry  sailors 

Singular. 

Nom.  cue 'nil  mn'dica,   a  moderate  dinner 

Gen.  coe'nae  mn'dk-ae,   of  a  moderate  dinner 

Dat.  coe'nae   niu'dlcao,    to  a  moderate  dinner 

Ace.  coo'nain   nnVdicain,   a  moderate  dinner 

Voc.  coe'iia   ino'dlca,    0  moderate  dinner 

Abl.  coe'na  mo'dica,    icith  a  moderate  dinner 

Plural. 

Nom.  coe'nae   ni»')'dT(*ae,    n}odrrate  dinners 

Gen.  coena'rriiii   nin(ilea'rfnii,   of  moderate  dinners 

Dat.  eue'nis    nnVdicIs,   to  moderate  dinners 

Ace.  coe'nii.s   ni»')'ilicas,   moderate  dinners 

Voc.  coe'nae   nuVdleae,    0  moderate  dinners 

Abl.  coe'nis  mO'dlcis,    with  moderate  dinners 

Singular. 

Nom.  tec 'turn   ariuiii,    a  high  roof 

Gen.  tec'ti  al'ti,   of  a  high  roof 

Dat.  tec 'to  al'to,    to  a  high  roof 

Ace.  tec'tuni   artiiin,    a  high  roof 

Voc.  tec'tuni   al'tfiiu,    0  high  roof 

Abl.  tec'to  al'to,    with  a  high  roof 

Plural. 

Nom.  tec't3<  al'til,    high  roofs 

Gen.  tecto'runi   alto'ruiii,    of  high  roofs 

Dat.  tec 'tis  al'tis,   to  high  roofs 

Aec.  tec'tS,  al'ta,   high  roofs 

Voc.  tec'tS,  al'tit,    Oliigh  roofs 

■  Abl.  tcc'tis  al'ti.s,   IV it h  high  roofs 

Decline  in  the  same  manner: 

puCta  cliirus,  a  famous  poet       fluvius  latiis,  a  broad  river 
formica  scdiila,  the  busy  ant      colluiu  longuni,  a  long  neck 


—     25    — 

1.  Adjectives  in  us,  a,  lim  are  declined  in  the 
masculine  and  neuter  like  substantives  of  the  Second 
Declension,  and  in  the  feminine  like  substantives  of 
the  First. 

2.  Adjectives,  adjective  pronouns,  and  participles 
agree  with  their  nouns  in  number,  gender,  and  case. 

3.  In  Latin  the  attributive  adjective  usually  fol- 
lows its  noun.  When  emphatic,  the  adjective  is 
placed  before  its  noun. 

4.  Tlie  dative  and  ablative  plural  of  dea,  a  god- 
dess,  and  filTa,  a  davghter  (First  Declension),  end  in 
abils  instead  of  is,  to  distinguish  them  from  the  same 
cases  of  deus,  a  god,  and  filius,  a  son  (Second  De- 
sion). 

5.  Proper  nouns  in  ius  omit  6  in  the  vocative, 
as:  Antonius,  Anthoug,  Antoni;  filius,  a  son,  and 
genius,  a  guardian  angel,  make  also  fili  and  geni. 
The  possessive  metis,  my,  has  mi,  and  Deus,  God, 
has  Deus.  In  the  plural  nominative  and  vocative, 
deus  has  dii  or  di;  genitive:  deorum;  dative  and 
ablative:   diis,  dis  (deis). 

Accordingly  its  declension  is  as  follows:  , 

Singular.  VlxaaX, 


Nom.  Do'  us,  God 
Gen.    De'i,  of  God 
Dat.     Do'o  ,  to  God 
Ace.     D6'um,  God 
Voc.    Dg'fis,  OGod 
Abl.     De'  6,  with  God 


di'  i,  di,  gods 

d6  o'  rum,  of  gods 

di'  is,  dis  (de'  is),  to  gods 

de'  OS,  gods 

di'  i,  di,  0  gods 

di'  is,  dis  (de'  is),   with  gods 


—     2G     — 

AmerTcS.,  -ac,  America  quasi,  af(  if^  so  to  speak 

quTs,  v}ho?    quid,  what?  tompliiiii,  -T,  a  temple 

clamar€,  to  cry  praesldirim,  -I,  a  support 

mSdlcus,  -T,  a  physician 

A  genitivo  bolongini^  to  a  noun  with  an  adjoctivo,  usually  stands 
between  these  two  words,  as:  parvus  agricolae  tilTus.  the  farmer's 
little  son. 

Alanda  est  lacta.  Formica  est  scdilla.  Coluniba  est  timida. 
Terra  est  rotunda.  Rosa  est  odora.  Luna  est  clara.  Stollae 
sunt  lucTdae.  Via  est  ardua.  Silva  est  iinibrosa.  Silvam  um- 
brdsam  anulnuis.  Kauae  sunt  garnllae.  ruellao  sunt  mo- 
destae.  Beati  sunt  aixricolae.  Argentuni  album,  aurum  ful- 
vum  est.  America  multos  fluvTos  magnos  hal)ct.  Quis  clamat, 
mi  fili?  Parvus  Antonius  clamat.  Quid  clamas,  Antdni? 
A'ita  humana  multis  inor])is  obnoxTa  est.  Vera  amicitla  sem- 
piterna  est.  ^lundus  est  quasi  tenii)lum  Dei.  recunta  est 
necessarium  vitae  praesidium.  Magistra  liliribus  medici  histo- 
rlam  narrat. 


22»  juoundiis,  -S,  -liin,  iileasant  saepr,  oftoi 

durfis,  -5,,  -fiiii,  hard  mule'  stiis,   -il,   -fun,    irouble- 
nunirTiis,  -T,  a  number  some 

ignntus,  -a,  -lini,  iinknoivn  equiis,  -T,  a  hu/  ,^t' 

amoeniis,  -a,  fiiii,  charming  ambuliire,  to  take  a  xralk 

dOniini, -T,  agifl  est,  there  is ;   sunt,  there  are 

in,  in,  is  followed  by  the  ablative,  in  answer  to  the  question 
ichere? 

cum,  icith,  governs  the  ablative. 

Roses  and  violets  arc  fragrant.  The  earth  has  the  shape 
of  a  large  globe.  My  son,  modesty  is  a  sign  of  wisdom.  Rain  is 
necessary  to  the  plants  of  the  garden.  The  life  of  a  busy  farmer 
is  pleasant.  Doves  are  timid.  Iron  is  hard.  To  farmers  iron 
is  a  necessary  metal.  The  number  of  stars  is  unknown.  The 
banks  of  the  Rhine  are  charming.  Gifts  of  friends  are  pleasant. 


• 


—     27     — 

The  Danube  is  a  great  and  broad  river  of  Europe.  Flies 
are  often  troublesome  to  horses.  In  America  there  are  many 
great  rivers.  The  farmer  takes  a  walk  with  (his)  sons  and 
daughters. 


Nom  a'  ger,  afield 

Gen.  a '  gri,  of  a  field 

Dat.  a'  gro,  to  afield 

Ace.  a' griiiu,  afield 

Voc.  a'  grr,   0  field 

Abl.  a' gro,  with  a  field 


Nom.  a'  gri,  fields 
Gen.    a  gi'o'  riini,  of  fields 
Dat.     a'  gi'is,  to  fields 
Ace.     a'  gi'os,  fields 
Voe.    a'  gi'T,  0  fields 
Abl.     a' gris,  ivith  fields 


Singular. 

pu'  ^r,  a  boy 
pil'  e  ri,  of  a  boy 
pu'  e  ro,  to  a  boy 
pu'  e  riini,  a  boy 

pu'  ^r,  0  boy 

pu'  e  ro,  luith  a  boy 

Plural. 

pil'  e  ri,  boys 
pu  6  ro'  rGm,  of  boys 
pii'  e  ris,  to  boys 
pu'  e  ros,  boys 
pu'  e  ri,  0  boys 
pu'  e  ris,  ivith  boijs 


1.  Most  of  tlie  nouns  in  er  drop  the  e  before  the 
r,  like  ager.     ^^uch  are: 

magister,  -ri,  a  teacher,  master    culter,  -ri,  a  knife 
libCr,  -ri,  a  book  aper,  -rl,  a  wild  boar 

A  few,    however,    retain  the    e   throughout,    as: 
puer,  pueri.     These  are: 

gener,  -i,  a  son-in-laiv  puer,  -i,  a  boy 


sneer,  -i,  a  father-in-law 
Liber,  -T,  Bacchus 


vesper,  -i,  ei^ening 
lT])eri,  -oruiu,  children 


and  the  compounds  in  f^r  and  ger,  as: 
Lucifer,  -i,  the  morning-star        armiger,  -T,  an  armor-bearer 

2.  The  only  words  in  ir  and  ur  are:  vir,-i,  amaii, 
with  its  compounds,  as:  levTr,  -i,  a  brother-in-law,  and 
the  mascuHne  of  the  adjective  satur,  -a,  -um,  sated. 


—     28     — 

attentfis,  -S,  -fim,  attentive  noviis,  -&,  -um^  neiv 

Justus,  -a,  -uiii,  just  panel,  -ae,  -&,  few,  a  few 

probus,  -it,  -fun,  uprujht,  r/ood  vetuslus,  -S,  -uni,  old 

sorditlus,  -a,  -fini,  dirty  ego,  /—  tii,  ///o?/,  you 

iinlversa  natura  (-ae  -ae),  the  sevei-iSs,  -&,  -fun,  stj^ict,  severe 

universe  '  Indus,  -i,  a  play 

negotiuuK  -T,  an  oecupation 

Mark:  lllx'iM,  children  —  libri,  hooks. 

TIio  nominativca  0*1:0,  /,  tu,  thou,  you,  iiOs,  //•<•,  vOs,  you,  are 
expressed  witli  the  verb  only  tor  the  sake  ofempliasis,  as: 

e^o  scribo,  tu  legis,  I  am  writing,  you  are  reading 

Boni  liberi  soduli  ct  attonti  stmt.  Dens  amat  viros  justos 
ot  probo?.  Ma<rister  narrat  piieris  initium  belli.  Libri  inulto- 
rum  j)uerr)riiin  ^ordidi  .^unt.  Agricolae  araiit  agros.  Medicus 
soceruni  ct  levirum  exspcetat.  Beata  est  vita  puerOruin.  Disci- 
pfili  obteini)eraiit  niagistro.  Cultri  sunt  instrunieiita  virorum. 
Universa  natilra  nuiitiat  ^lorlam  Dei.  Discipilli  habent  libros 
novos,  patiei  habent  votustos.  Ego  sum  laetus  puer,  tu  es 
sovCtus  magister;  ego  amo  ludos  puerurum,  tu  amas  libros  et 
ueirotia  virorum. 


'^4:.     soniiius,  -1,  sleep 

pr-rleulosiis,  -4l,-(ini,  dan- 
gerous 
nirdiis,  -ft,  -iiui,  had 


exemplum,  -1,  an  example 
noxius,  -ft,  -  uiu,   injurious 
semper,  always 
lldils,  -ft,  -Qm,  faithful 


The  books  arc  the  gilt  of  a  friend.  Sleep  is  necessary  to 
men,  women,  and  children.  \Vc  praise  a  just  and  upright 
mati.  The  plays  of  boys  arc  sometimes  dangerous.  A  friend 
loves  the  children  of  (liis)  friend.  Bad  examples  arc  injurious 
to  bovs.  The  morninix-star  delights  the  farmer.  Boys  have 
books,  slates,  and  pencils.  Good  books  arc  good  teachers. 
An  upright  man  is  always  a  faithful  friend.  The  teacher 
pra^-"-'  the  great  diligence  of  the  little  boy.  Farmers  like 
gaiuLii^,  meadows,  horses,  cows,  and  doves.  A  modest  boy  is 
pleasing  to  (liis;  teacher.  AVild  boars  love  the  shade  of  the 
forest. 


> 


or 


Nom. 

Gen. 

Dat. 

Ace. 

Voc. 

Abl. 


Nom. 

Gen. 

Dat. 

Ace. 

Voc. 

Abl. 


m. 


nr  ger 
ni'  gri 
nP  gro 
nr  griim 

nl'  gvr 
nV  gro 


ni'  gri 

nl  gro'  riiiii 

ni'  gris 


—     29     — 

Adjectives  in  ^r,  a,  um. 

nig^r,  nigra,  nigrum,  hlack 

Singular. 

/ 
nV  grft 
ni'  grae 
nP  grae 


ni  c. 


nr  gros 
np  gri 

nr  gris 


Nom.  ir  ber 
Gen.    ir  be  rl 
Dat.     Ir  be  ro 
Ace.     ll'  be  riim 
Voc.   'll'bgr 
Abl.     li'  be  ro 


'  'i:rftiii 

nP  grft 
nP  gra 

Plural 
nP  grae 
ni  gra'  rum 
nP  giis 
nP  gras 
nP  grae 
nP  gris 


liber,  libera,  llbOrum,  free 
Singular. 
IP  be  rft 
IP  be  rae 
IP  be  rae 
IP  be  rftm 
IP  be  rft 
IP  be  ra 


Nom.  li'  be  ri 
Gen.    li  be  ro'  rum 
Dat.     li'  be  ris 
Ace.     Ii'  be  ros 
Voc.    II'  h^  ri 
Abl.     IP  be  ris 


Plural. 
IP  be  rae 
ll  be  ra'  rum 
IP  be  ris 
li'  be  ras 
IP  be  rae 
ll'  be  ris 


n. 

nP  grum 

nP  gri 
nP  gro 
nP  grum 
nP  griim 

ni'  gro 


ni'  grft 
nl  gro'  riim 
nl'  gris 
ni'  grft 
nP  grft 
nP  gris 


IP  b6  rum 
IP  be  ri 
li'  be  ro 
IP  be  rum 
IP  be  rum 
li'  be  ro 

IP  be  rft 
ll  be  ro'  riim 
IP  be  ris 
IP  be  rft 
IP  be  rft 
li'  be  ris 


1.  Adjectives  in  er,  a,  um  are  declined  in  the 
masculine  and  neuter,  like  substantives  of  the  Second 
Declension,  and  in  the  feminine,  like  substantives  of 
the  First. 


-^     30     — 

2.  Most  adjectives  in  er,  a.  fim  drop  the  e  before 
the  r  like  niger.     Examples  are: 

aeger,  aoc^rft,  aoiri-iiin,  sick 

crebrr,  crC'brS.,  crrhi  run,  frequent 

ruber,  rubi'i%  rubiTiiii,  7rd 

piilchrT,  pulchrji,  pulclirfiin,  hmaiijalj  fine 

sinistr-r,  sinisti'il,  sinistiTiin,  left 

pi^^rr,  xnv^yix,  plirrrini,  lazn 

iiitt'iiC'r,  iiitC'grjl,  iDtOgrum,  ichAe^  entire 

3.  A  few  adjectives  in  er,  a,  um   retain  the  e 
throughout,  hke  iTber.     These  are: 

asper,    as[)r'ril,    aspriTini,   rough 
lactT,    lacrrii,    lacriTun,   torn 
niTsrT,    inlsrrii,    inist'iTiin,   wretched 
prosper,   prospera,    {jrosprTuni,   prosperous 
t^ner,    tr'nera,    tr'UriTiiii,   tender 
dexter,    ilext(e)ra,    dext(e)ruin,   right 

and  the  compounds  in  ler  and  <^er,  as: 

fraglter,  IVrigitera,  trugifeniiu,  fruit-hearing^  fruitful^  fertile 
lanlger,    irinTgerS,    lamgeriiin,  wool-hearing^  Jleecy 

In   like  manner  is  declined  sa'  ttu',  sa'  tura,  sa'- 
turuiii,  sated. 


y 


prOvorbluiii,  -T,  a  proverb  prosper^   fortfina   (-ae,  -ae), 

noeere,  to  do  harm,  injure  good  fortune 

gena,  -ae,  a  cheek  cyenfis,  -i,  a  swan 

oriirimeiitiiiu,  -T,  an  ornament  corvus,  -i,  a  raven 

Puer  est  acgcr.  ruclla  est  aogra.  Yerum  provcrbTum  cct: 
Via  gloriae  verae  est  aspcra.  Vita  luimaiia  intordum  niisera 
est.  Vonti  aspuri  et  crebrae  i)luviae  noceiit  plantis  teneris. 
;Multi  discipuli  habent  libros  vetustos  ct  laceros.  Geiiae  ru- 
brae  puU'hriiin  sunt  piierdruin  oniamcntiim.  Poena  discipiili 
pigri  justa  est.  Ala  sinistra  eolunibae  est  lacora,  ala  dextera 
est  integra.  ]\Iulti  agri  non  sunt  IVugilori.  Prospera  IbrtCina 
amici  delectat  amieum.  Cycni  habent  plumas  albas,  corvi  ha- 
bent nlumas  ni^ras. 


—    31    — 

20,  iTlTiim,  -1,  a  lily  folluin,  -T,  a  leaf 

sacer,  -ra,  -rum,  sacred        })leiiiis,  -a,  -lim,  full 
universus,  -a,-um,  all  together,  whole 

Many  boys  arc  lazy.  Tn  the  garden,  there  arc  red  roses 
and  white  lilies.  To  good  men  the  temple  of  the  Lord  is  sacred. 
The  former's  horses  are  black.  The  roads  of  the  island  are 
rough.  The  leaves  of  roses  and  lilies  are  beautiful.  The  sky 
is  full  of  beautiful  stars,  and  the  earth  is  full  offender  plants. 
Lazy  boys  do  not  like  a  strict  teacher.  The  books  of  many 
boys  are  torn  and  dirty.  The  children  have  red  pencils.  The 
example  of  a  lazy  boy  is  injurious  to  the  pupils  all  together. 
The  swan  is  white,  the  eagle  is  black.  Books  torn,  old,  and 
dirty,  are  a  sign  of  laziness.  Tender  girls  fear  the  rough 
plays  of  boys. 


27,  mefis,  mea,  meiini,  my  nost^r,  nostra,  nostrum,  oar 

tufis,  tiia,  tuilm,  thy,  your      vester,  vestra,  vest  rum,  your 
6UUS,  sua,  suiim,  his,  her,  its    suiis,  sua,  suiim,  their 

1.  Possessives  are  declined  as  adjectives  of  the 
First  and  Second  Declensions,  meus  has  in  the  voca- 
tive masculine  mi.  AVhen  referring  to  one,  your  will 
be  translated  by  tuus,  -a,  -iliii;  when  referring  to 
more  than  one,  by  vester,  -ra,  -rum. 

2.  Of  nouns  ending  in  fis  the  names  of  towns, 
islands,  and  trees  are  feminine,  as:  populus,  a  j^op- 
lar,  etc.   {17,  3);  also: 


alviis,  -1,  the  helly 
cuius,  -i,  a  distaff 


humiis,  -i,  soil 
vaniiils,  -1,  a  ran 


and  a  f(^w  rxreek  words  of  frequent  occurrence,  as; 

diphthongus,  -i,  a  dij)hthong        methodiis,  -i,  a  method 
paragraphus,  -i,  a  paragraph       dlalectus,  -i,  a  dialect 


—     32     — 

3.  The  following  in  us  are  neuter: 

pelagus,  -T,  the  sea  vTrfis,  -i,  pui<,un 

vulgus,  -1,  the  crowcJy  rabble 

their  accusative,   as  of  all  neuters,   is  the  same  as 
the  nominative,  but  they  have  no  plural. 


profundGs,  -si,  -fini,  deep 
It^cundus,  -a,  -fun,  fertile 
acfitus,  -a,  -fmi,  sharp 
po[)ulus,  -1,  a  poplar 
fagiis,  -i,  a  beech 
fx'unus,  -T,  a  fruit-tree 
doctus,  -a,  -fun,  learned 


tr'ter,  -  rit,  -rfini,  shameful,  foul 
liuinidfis,  -a,  -fini,  moist 
iiR-trtfis,  -il,    fun,  u)icertain 
gaudifini,  -i,  ji,i/ 
vTprra,  -a<\  n  riper 
mortlter,  -a,  -fmi,  deadly 
bestia,  -ae.  "   animal,  a  beast 


Diphthongi  semper  sunt  longae.  Naiitae  pelil.iriis  profun- 
(luiu  non  timont.  Aegyptus  focunda  est.  Ciilter  mens  iion 
est  acutu?!.  POpulus  est  alta,  fagiis  est  umbra«^a;  in  silva  sunt 
fagi  altae;  in  horto  .^unt  ponii  frugiterai  rosae  rubrae. 
Multi  discipuli  nostrae  scholae  aegri  sunt.  Magistri  nostri  sunt 
arnici  nostri.  Agri  vestri  sunt  frugitr'ii.  .Magistri  tui  sunt 
docti.  Vitla  nostra  tetra  sunt.  Ubi  est  magistor  tuus,  mi  fill? 
Humus  non  semper  est  humtda.  Puellae  nostrae  seholae  sunt 
attentae  et  modestae.  Anni  nostrae  vitae  sunt  incerti,  gaudia 
caeli  sempiterna  sunt.  Virus  viperae  multis  bestlis  mortilcrum 
est. 


28,  proc(^rfis,  -a,  -fini,  tall 
VR-InfLs,  -1,  a  neighbor 
verbfini,  -i,  a  word 
ulmfis,  -T,  an  elm 
robustus,  -a,  -iim,   strong, 
robust 


valTdfis,  -a,  -fini,  healthy 
iinbeoiiliis,  -a,  fmi,  weakly 
avus,  -T,  a  grandfather 
villa,  -ae,  a  country  house 
ampins,  -a,  -fun,  roomy 
oi)])idfun,  -1,  a  town 


Good  scholars  love  their  teacher;  a  good  teacher  loves  his 
scholars.  Many  plants  like  a  moist  soil.  Tall  poplars  are  an 
ornament  of  roads  and  gardens.  My  neighbors  are  upright 
men.  Your  books  are  torn;  our  books  are  beautiful.  Teachers 
like  the  modest  words  of  their  scholars.     The  horse  is  faithful 


*) 


•'f 


I 


—     33     — 

to  his  master.  The  beech  and  the  elm  are  shady.  The  boys 
of  our  school  are  strong  and  healthy;  few  are  weakly.  My 
grandfather's  country  house  is  roomy,  and  the  garden  beauti- 
ful. Your  teachers  are  your  friends.  Our  towns  have  good 
schools.  My  son,  why  do  you  not  take  a  walk  with  your 
friends?  Your  teacher's  method  is  good.  -My  friend's  chil- 
dren are  sick. 


Nom. 

Gen. 

Dat. 

Ace. 

Voc. 

Abl. 


h(V  mo,  man 

hu'  mi  Ills,  of  man 

h(y  ml  111,  to  man 

ho'  ml  nein,  man 

hu'  mO,  0  man 

ho'  mi  ue,  ivith  man 


Singular. 

le'  o,  a  lion 

le  0'  iiis,  of  a  lion 

le  o'  111,  to  a  lion 

le  0'  nein,  a  lion 

le'  o,  0  lion 

le  o'  ne,  ivith  a  lion 


Plural. 

Nom.  ho'  mi  nes,  men,  pteople       le  0'  nes,  lions 

Gen.  ho'  mi  niiin,  of  men 

Dat.  Ii6  ml'  ni  biis,  to  men 

Ace.  hiV  mi  nes,  men 

Voc.  ho'  mi  lies,  0  men 

Abl.  ho  mi'  111  bus,  with  men 


le  o'  iiiini,  of  lions 
16  o'  111  bus,  to  lions 
16  0'  nes,  lions 
16  o'  nes,  0  lions 
le  0'  ni  bus,  icith  lions 


1.  Latin  nouns  whose  genitive  ends  in  is,  are  of 
the  Third  Declension.     Their  nominative  ends  in 

a,  ^,  i,  5,  y,  c,  1,  n,  r,  s,  t,  and  x. 

To  decline  a  word  properly,  in  this  Declension, 
we  must  know  how  its  genitive  is  formed. 

2.  Certain  nouns  ending  in  6  form  their  genitive 
by  changing  6  into  inis.     Thus  we  have: 

homO,  -inis,  mail  turbo,  -inis,  a  whirlwind 

nemo,  -inis,  nobody  Apollo,  -inis,  Apollo 

and  nearly  all  the  words  in  d5  and  gd,  as: 

ordo,  -inis,  order  imasjO,  -inis,  an  image 

consuetudo,  -inis,  custom,  habit    pulcliritudO,  -inis,  beauty 

Mark:  car6,  ineat;   carnis  (contracted  from  cari- 
nis),  gen.  plur.:  carnium. 


—     S4     -~ 

3.  All  other  words  ending  in  5  change  6  into  onis, 
to  form  the  genitive,  as:  led,  leonis.  a  lion.  Ex- 
amples are: 

pavo, -oiiTs,  ax>earock  uquTIo,  -oiiTs,  the  nortliu'lml 

pulinO,  -  oiiTs,  a  huuj  putio,  -dnTs,  d  (Irinl'fli)rf) 

also  a  few  in  do  and  «;6,  nanielv: 

harpui^o,  -oiiTs,  a  rji^npple-hook    pracdo,  -oiiTs,  a  rohher 
cuiiicdo,  -oiiTs,  a  (jIuUoh  lii,^o,  -oiiTs.  n  mnftocTc^  spade 

le'  ge  re,  to  read 

Present.     !('' go,   1 7*ead,   am  read  big  ^   do  read 

le'  gls,   thou  readM^   art  reading,   dost  read 
le'  git,   he  reads,    is  reading,   does  read 
le'  gi  iiiiis,    ?r^'  read,   are  reading,   do  read 
lo'  gt  tis,   ?/o?i  ?v'rt<7,   are  reading,   do  read 
le'  giiut,   tlieg  read,   arc  reading,  do  read 

Yerbs  whose  Infinitive  ends  in  ere,  as:  leger^, 
to  read,  belong  to  tlie  Third  Conjugation.  The  Present 
is  formed  1)y  changing  ere  of  the  Infinitive  into  o,  as: 
letrere  - 


lego. 


The  following  verbs  are  conjugated  like  l^^gere: 

discere,  to  learn         acuere,  to  sharpen  sei'Ihere,  to  write 

crescere,  ^  grow       spargere,  to  cast,  scatter      rdr're,  to  eat 


(iTvInfis,  -a,  -fiiii,  divine  alter,  -a,  -fim,  second 

Juxtil  (with  aceus.),  near  to  iiatunl,  -ae,  nature 

bonuiii,  -T,  a  good,  possession  postuliire,  to  require 

radficus,  -it,  -xim Jmil  cibus,  -T.  food 

Leones  sunt  domtni  silvanim.  [Nfulta  insccta  honiiiiTbus 
molosta  sunt.  Antmi  honiTnum  sunt  divlni.  Pueri  discunt 
historlam  AmerTcae.  Pdpuli  altae  saope  juxta  ripas  lluviOrum 
crcscunt.  Pueri  acilunt  stilus  cultro.  Pavo  i)ulchras  penuas 
liabot.  Homo  est  dominus  terrae.  Somnus  homlni  necessartus 
est.  Popilli  procerac  non  raultam  unibrara  spargunt.  Puolla 
pulchram  epistulam  scribit.    Pulchritude  est  bonuni  caducum. 


M 


I* 


h 


35 


Deus  amat  hommcs.  FolTa  sunt  quasi  pulmSnes  plantarum. 
Consuetudo  est  altera  natura.  Puellae  tenerae  timent  aquilo- 
nem;  aquHo  est  ventus  asper.  Homo  amat  hominem.  Natura 
homtnis  et  bestiae  postulat  cibum  et  potionem.  Homines 
edunt  carncm. 


30.  Carol  lis,  -T,  Cliarles 
valet  ndo,  -iiiTs,  health 
opinio,  -oiiis,  an  opinion 


stnltiis,  -a,  -iim,  foolish 
ordo,  -inis,  order,  a  row 
hinnido,  -iiiis,  a  swallow 


Some  more  verbs  of  the  Third  Conjugation: 

vendere,  to  sell  laedere,  to  hurt 

bibere,  to  drink 


vivere,  to  lire 


What  arc  you  reading,  Charles  ?  I  read  the  teacher's  new 
book.  The  beasts  of  the  forest  fear  the  lion.  The  north  wind  is 
a  rough  wind,  injurious  to  health.  The  beautiful  feathers  of  the 
peacock  delight  the  boys.  Our  friend  often  blames  the  opinions 
of  foolish  people.  Rows  of  good  books  delight  my  grand- 
father. Bovs  and  girls  like  swallows  and  larks.  Who  does 
not  like  swallows  and  larks!  The  farmer  sells  a  peacock  to 
(his)  neighbor.  The  souls  of  men  are  images  of  God.  The 
farmer's  sons  live  in  the  woods.  Man  is  the  beauty  of  the 
world.  An  upright  man  fears  nobody,  hurts  nobody.  Men 
drink  water  and  wine. 


31.  ser  vT'  re,  to  serve 

Present,     ser'  \1  o,  I  serve,  am  serving,  do  serve 

ser'  VIS,  thou  servest,  art  serving,  dost  serve 
ser'  vit,  he  serves,  is  serving,  does  serve 
ser  \^'  mfis,  ive  serve,  are  serving,  do  serve 
ser  \V  tis,  you  serve,  are  serving,  do  serve 
ser'  vi  uiit,  they  serve,  are  serving,  do  serve 

1.  Verbs  whose  Infinitive  ends  in  ire,  as:  servire, 
to  serve,  belong  to  the  Fourth  Conjugation.  The  Pres- 
ent is  formed  by  olianging  ire  of  the  Infinitive  into 
io,  as:  servir^  —  servio. 


—     30 


3*7 


The  following  verbs  are  conjugated  like  servirfi: 

Crudlre,  to  instruct  r)boc(lTre,  to  obey 

2.  As  a  general  rule,  nouns  of  the  Third  Declen- 
sion in  6  are  masculine;  those,  however,  in  (16,  g6, 
J.6  are  feminine. 

Exceptions.  The  following  in  cl6,  g5,  15  are  mas- 
line: 

onlo, -iiiTs,  a  ron\  order  soptontrlo, -onTs,  the  north 
canlo,  -luls,  the  hinge  (of  a  wind 

door)  vos|)(TtIlTf>,  -ciiiTs,  a  bat 

ITi^o,  -oiiis,  a  mattocky  spade  pfipTlio,  -ciiiTs,  a  biitterfly 

hiirpfi^o,  -oiiTs,  a  grappje-hook  j)rii::io,  -oiiTs,  a  dagger 

niiirgO,  -iuis,  a  margin^  brink  seli)iu,  -onTs,  a  staff 


?(lerC,  to  eat 
coetiis,  -3*,  -iim,  rooked 
tt'i-rts,  -3.,  -fun,  wild 
crutlfls,  -a,  -uiu,  7-aw 
populfis,  -1,  a  people 
orTii;6,  -iuTs,  origin 
obscuriis,  -3,  -iim,  obscure 
intlnltus,  -3.,  -liin,  endless 

sulltudo, 


mnltltrido,  -Tills,  a  multitude 
scM'iiif),  -oiiis,  a  talk,  eonversa- 
foodus,  -3,  -fiiii,   ugly       [tion 
euro  vitrilin3  (-iiis  -ae),  veal 
ani^ustiis,  -3,  -fiiii,  narroio 
latils,  -3,  -uiii,  broad,  icide 
crCM lulus,  -  a,  -iim,  credulous 
servus,  -i,  a  slave,  servant 
-luis,  solitude 


Homines  edunt  carncm  coctam,  bestlae  ferae  edunt  carnem 
crudam.  Multdrum  populorum  orlgo  est  obscCira.  Morborum 
est  infmlta  multitiido.  Sermo  puerdriim  interdiim  stultus  est. 
Papiliones  sunt  pulchri,  vespertiliOnes  sunt  foedi.  Caro  vitu- 
llna  tenera  est.  Leo  est  robiistus.  Valet udo  prospera  est  do- 
num  Dei.  Mea  tabula  habet  niarginem  an^irustuin,  tua  tabilla 
margmein  latum  habet.  MultitQdo  credilla  est.  Multae  bestlae 
serviunt  hominibus.  Solitude  paueis  hominibus  jucunda  est. 
Magistri  pueros  erudiunt,  servi  dominis  serviunt^  liberi  magi- 
stris  oboediunt.     Leo  est  fera  bestia. 


4 


« 


32,  amloiis,  -3,,  -ttm,  friendly 
doniTciliiim,  -T,  an  abode 
baber^,  to  deliver 
oratio,  -oiiTs,  a  speech 
superbiis,  -3,  -liiii,  proud 
honestiis,  -3,,  -fun,  honest 


actlS,  -onTs,  a  deed 
externiis,  -a,  -tini,  external 
perltiis,  -3,  -um,   experienced 
ornfitfis,  -3;,  -fun,  adorned 
herb3,  -ae,  an  herb 
testudO,  -iiiis,  a  tortoise 


sapldiis,  -3,  -uni,  savory 

Swallows  are  friendly  to  the  abodes  of  men.  Bad  men  often 
deliver  fine  speeches.  In  our  garden,  there  are  many  beautiful 
butterflies.  Peacocks  are  proud.  The  neighl)or's  sick  son 
fears  the  rough  north  wind.  An  honest  deed  is  the  sign  of  an 
honest  mind.  The  feathers  of  the  proud  peacock  delight  the 
boys.  External  beauty  is  not  everlasting.  Pleasant  is  the 
talk  of  an  experienced  man.  The  brink  of  the  river  is  adorned 
with  many  plants  and  herbs.  The  margin  of  my  book  is 
broad,  the  margin  of  your  book  is  narrow.  My  grandfather 
lives  in  the  solitude  of  an  island.  Tortoises  have  savory 
meat. 


,33. 

Norn.  c5'  lor,  a  color 

Gen.  CO  lo'  ris,  of  a  color 

Dat.  CO  lo'  ri,  to  a  color 

Ace.  CO  lo'  rSni,  a  color 

Voc.  c6'  lor,   0  color 

Abl.  q6  lo'  r€,  with  a  color 


Singular. 

mar'  mor,  marble 
mar'  mo  ris,  of  marble 
mar'  mo  ri,  to  marble 
mar'  mor,  marble 
mar'  mor,  0  marble 
mar'  mO  rd,  with  marble 


Floral. 


Norn.  CO  lo'  res,  colors 
Gen.    CO  lo'  rum,  of  colors 
Dat.    CO  lo'  ri  bus,  to  colors 
Ace.     CO  lo'  res,  colors 
Voe.    CO  Id'  res,  0  colors 
Abl.     CO  lo'  ribtis,  with  colors 


mar'  mi)  r3,,  kinds  of  marble 
mar'  mo  nlni,  of  kinds  ofm. 
mar  mo'  ri  bus,  to  kinds  ofm. 
mar'  mo  r3,,  kinds  ofm. 
mar'  mo  r3,,  0  kinds  ofm. 
mar  mo'  ri  hH^,  with ki^ids ofm. 


1.  Nouns  in  or  form  their  genitive  by  changing 
or  into  oris.     They  are  altogether  masculine.     Only 


38 


arbor,  a  tree,  is  feminine,  and  has  arboris.     The  fol- 
lowing are  neuter: 


marrnor,  marmons,  marble 
ae(iuOr,  aequOris,  the  sea 


ador,  adorts,  spelt 
cor,  cordis,  the  heart 


Their  accusative,  as  of  all  neuters,  is  the  same  as 
the  nominative. 

2.  Like  color  decline  tlie  followinG;  words: 


timftr,  -oris,  ffar 
praeceptdr,  -oris,  a  teaeher 
aiictdr,  -oris,  an  author 
au(llt5r,  -oris,  a  hearer 
Orator,  -oris,  a  speaker 
lab6r,  -oris,  labor^  work 
creator,    oris,  a  ercator 
past6r,  -oris,  a  shejthrrd 


amor,  -oris,  love 

sapor,  -oris,  taste 

oilor,  -oris,  smell 

clamor,  -  oris,  a  shoutj  noise 

vr'iiator,  -oris,  a  hunter 

lioiior,    oris,  an  lionor^  office 

calor,    oris,  fteat 

ardor,    oris,  a  burning  heat 


error,  -oris,  an  error 


ratio,  -onis,  I'eason,    under- 

staniUng 
gratfis,  -li,  -uiii,  pleas inr/ 
prctlosiis,  -a,  -uni.  precious 


aetcrniis,  -li,  -uni,  eternal 
eri^ri  (with  accus.),  toward 
|)rirus,  -3.,  -iiiii,  pure^  clean 

m'{{\\(\  .  .m^'qur',  neither.  .  .nor 


Timor  DoniTni  est  initlum  sapiontiac.  Praeceptores  eru- 
diunt  pucTos.  Deus  est  auctor  rationis.  Attenti  auditores 
oratorlbus  p:rati  sunt.  Yestri  laboros  molest i  sunt.  Nautac 
non  timent  profundum  ac([uor.  Marmor  est  ^jretiosuni.  Ar- 
borcs  nostri  horti  sunt  altae  et  rruiz:it'i''rar.  Creator  niundi  est 
actcrnus.  Alaudac  pastoribus  et  agricolis  jueundac  sunt.  Dei 
erga  homines  amor  infinltus  est.  Vita  pastorum  molestis  la- 
borlbus  libera  est.  Aqua  pura  noque  saporem  habct,  neque 
odorem,  noquo  colorcm.  Clamor  pucrorum  molestus  est.  Agri 
et  silvac  delect  ant  venatorem. 

34:,  varlus,  -3.,  -iim,  various         densiis,  -S.,  -iiin,  thick^  dense 
per  (with  accus.),  through         sursum,  on  high 


II 


f4 


II 


-~     39     — 

Speakers  like  attentive  hearers.  A  great  work  is  often  the 
beginning  of  great  honors.  Heat  is  sometimes  troublesome  to 
men.  The  feathers  of  the  peacock  have  various  colors.  Work 
is  the  cause  of  true  honor.  Hunters  like  field  and  forest.  The 
trees  of  a  thick  forest  keep  otf  the  burning  heat  of  the  sky. 
The  colors  of  the  peacock  arc  beautiful  and  various.  The 
shepherd  shows  (to)  the  hunter  a  road  through  the  forest. 
Many  roses  have  a  pleasant  smell.  On  high  (your)  hearts! 
The  noise  of  the  boys  is  great.  Human  understanding  is  sub- 
ject to  many  errors.  In  our  forests  there  are  fine  trees. 
Beautiful  butterflies  are  the  joy  of  boys.  Diseases  Df  the  heart 
are  always  dangerous. 


3o, 

Sbgol 

Gir. 

Norn. 

flos,  a  flower 

dOs,  a  dowry 

Gen. 

tlu'  ris,  of  a  flower 

do'  tis,  of  a  dowry 

Dat. 

flo'  ri,  to  a  flower 

do'  ti,  to  a  dowry 

Ace. 

11  o'  rem,  a  flower 

do'  teni,  a  dowry 

Voc. 

flos,  0 flower 

dos,  0  dowry 

Abl. 

110'  re,  10  all  a  flower 

do'  te,  with  a  dowry 

Plural. 


Nom.  flO'  res,  flowers 
Gen.    flo'  rum,  offloicers 
Dat.     tlo' ri  biis,  to  flowers 
Ace.     flo'  res,  floivers 
Voc.    tio'  res,  0  flowers 
Abl.     llo' ri  bus,  loiih  flowers 


do'  tes,  dowries 

do'  tiim,  of  dowries 

do'  ti  bus,  to  dowries 

do'  tes,  dowries 

do'  tes,  0  dowries 

do'  ti  bus,  with  dowries 


1.  Nouns    ending  in   os  form   their    genitive    by 
changing  os  into  oris  or  otis.     Thus,  we  have: 

OS,  Otis 


OS,  oris 

flos,  floris,  a  flower,  blossom 

mos,  moris,  custom,  manner 

ros,  roris,  dew 

lepos,  leporis,  charm,  wit 

OS,  oris,  the  mouth 

gios,  gloris,  a  sister-in-law 


dos,  dotis,  a  dowry 
cos,  cotis,  a  grindstone 
nepos,  nepotis,  a  grandchild 
rhinoceros,  rhinocerotis,  a  rhi- 
noceros 
sacerdos,  sacerdotis,  a  priest 


40     — 


41     — 


The  following  are  irregular: 

custos,  custodTs,  a  r/iiard,  watchman,  keeper 

OS,  osais,  a  bone;  genitive  plural:  ossTttm 

bos,  bo  VIS,  an  ox;  plural,  nom.:  boves;  gen.:  bofim;  dat.: 


bobiis 


or  bubfis 


2.  Nouns  ending  in  os  are  masculine,  except 
dos,  a  dowry,  and  cos,  a  grindstone,  which  are  femi- 
nine; and  OS,  the  mouth,  and  os,  a  hone,  which  are 
neuter. 

^ephantus,  -i,  an  elephant  Btomachiis,  -i,  the  stomach 

raruar^,  to  change  at,  hut,  on  the  contrary 

non  solum  .  .  .  sihI  etlam,  not  triforifim,  -i,  clover 

onh^ .  .  .  hvt  also  pabulum,  -T,  feed 

h6m5aeg6r  (-iuis -ri),  a  sick  sor6r,  ^oris,  a  sister 

person  Qul,  he  who  —  piugere,  to  paint 

Odores  et  colorcs  florum  varTi  sunt.  Elcpbantus  babet  ossa 
magna  et  robusta.  Uonores  mutant  mores.  Floros  non  solum 
pulchritudine  sua,  sed  etlam  grato  odore  delectant  homines. 
Os  rubrum  non  semper  signum  bonae  valetudinis  est.  Furus  est 
ros  caeli.  Multi  llores  habent  odorem  jucundum.  Odor  florum 
molcstus  est  hominibus  aegris.  Saepe  cibus  ori  gratus,  at  sto- 
macho  noxTus  est.  Oculi  boum  magni  sunt.  TrifolTum  est 
pabidum  equorum  et  boum.  Leones,  equi  et  boveS  habent  ossa 
robusta.  Agricolae  agros  equis  et  bubus  arant.  Tater  meus 
delectat  amicos  lepore  sermonis  sui.  Dos  sororis  meae  non 
est  magna.     Qui  pingit  florem,  non  pingit  floris  odorem. 

30.  diversiis,  -il,  -um,  different     focnum,  -i,  hay 


minister,    -n, 
minister 


a 


servant,     uxor,  -oris,  a  wife,  consort 


Many  flowers  like  the  pure  dew.  The  customs  of  peoples 
are  diflerent.  Our  grandfather  loves  his  grandchildren. 
Priests  are  God's  servants.  Good  boys  have  good  manners. 
Our  neighbor  has  many  oxen.  My  grandfather  has  an  attentive 
keeper  of  his  country  house  and  his  gardens.     Trees  have 


'I 


4 


i 


various  blossoms.  The  flowers  of  our  garden  are  beautiful  and 
have  a  pleasant  smell.  looses  are  beautiful  flowers.  Hay  is 
pleasing  to  the  oxen.  Grindstones  are  hard.  Great  rivers 
have  many  mouths.  The  color  of  bones  is  white.  The  bones 
of  lions,  oxen,  and  horses  are  robust.  The  farmer's  lazy  son 
loves  the  shade  of  the  dense  trees.  Your  friend  has  a  busy 
wife. 


37. 

Nom.  an'  ser,  a  goose 

Gen.  an' se  ris,  of  a  goose 

Dat.  an'  se  ri,  to  a  goose 

Ace.  an'  se  rem,  a  goose 

Voc.  an'  ser,  0  goose 

Abl.  an'  se  re,  ivith  a  goose 


Singular. 

pa'  ter,  a  father 
pa'  tris,  of  a  father 
pa'  tri,  to  a  father 
pa'  trem,  a  father 
pa'  ter,  0  father 
pa'  tre,  with  a  father 


Plural. 


Nom.  an'  se  res,  geese 
Gen.    an'  se  riiiii,  of  geese 
an  se'  ri  bus,  to  geese 


Dat. 
Ace. 
Voc, 
Abl. 


an'  se  res,  geese 

an'  se  res,  0  geese 

an  se'  ri  bus,  with  geese 


pa'  tres,  fathers 

pa'  triiiii,  of  fathers 

pa'  tri  bus,  to  fathers 

pa'  tres,  fathers 

pa'  tres,  0  fathers 

pa'  tri  bus,  with  fathers 


1.  Nouns  ending  in  Sr  and  er  add  is,  to  form  the 
genitive,  as:  anser,  anseris;  ver,  veris,  spring;  those 
ending  in  t^r,  also  imber,  a  shower,  and  the  names 
of  months  in  Mr  change  ^r  into  ris,  dropping  the 
e  before  the  r  throughout,  as:  pater,  patris. 

Examples  are: 

passer,  -is,  a  sparrow 
m filler,  -is,  a  ivoman 
agger,  -is,  rampart 
tubSr,  -is,  a  hump,  hunch 
verber,  -is,  a  hlow 


mater,  -ris,  a  mother 
frater,  -ris,  a  hrother 
imber,  -ris,  a  shower 
linter,  -ris,  a  hoat 
September,  -ris,  September 


The  following  are  irregular: 


later,  lateris,  a  tile 
iter,  Itineris,  a  journey,  way, 
march 


Juppiter,  Juvis,  Jove 

aer,  aeris,  the  air 

aether,  aetheris,  the  upper  air 


--    Vl 


-.* 


—     43     — 


A  few  have  ium,  instead  of  um,  in  the  genitive 
plural,  namely: 

irn])rr,  a  shower,  unhvuun  ntrr,  a  leathern  mrh;  utrmm 

lintr.r,  a  boat,  WuWuun  vonter,  the  hell  if,  vcMitriiim 

2.  Nouns  in  er  an. I  er  are  niascuhne;    hnter,   a 
hoat,  \<  feminine,  and  the  following  are  neuter: 

(•ridaviT,  -IS,  a  corpse,  dead  bod,/,  spinthOr,  -is,  a  bracelet 

inywv,  -IS,  pepper  [carcass  tubor,  -is,  a  hump 

(Mcor,  -IS,  a  chick-pea  H^^'r,  -is,  a  teat 

itrr,  ituirris,  a  journey  vGr,  -is,  sprimj 

papavOr,  -is,  the  poppy  (vorbcr,  -is),  a  blow 


malum,  -i,  an  evil 
stultitia,  -ac,  folly 
cura,  -ae,  care 
innumriTis,  -a,  -um, 
ofncium,  -1,  a  duty 
repr'tltiO,  -onis,  a  repetition 
struUfim,  -i,  study 


[less 
number- 


lacrrare,  to  lacerate 
propter  (with  acciis.),  on  ac- 
count of 
fivciuentia,    :i<\  frequency 
iiijru'undus,  -a,  -  um,   T)ivkas- 

ant 
circa  (witli  aceiis.),  around 


fossil,  -ae,  a  ditch 

The  time  of  an  action  is  donoted  by  tho  abhitive,  as:  vcrc,  in 
spriny;  hieme  et  acstate,  in  ivinter  and  summer. 

Multoruiu  nialonini  stultitia  mater  o=^t.  Curac  patriim  et 
matrum  ina-iiac  sunt.  Aiisercs  habent  louga  colla.  lloves 
vcrls  sinit  iniiuniOri.  A(^r  huniTdus  causa  multorum  morbo- 
rumest.  Ansercs  magni  sunt,  passeres  parvi.  Tor  anujenum 
est-  verc  itinera -rata  sunt.  Pater  et  mater  aniant  hberos 
suos  Yir  et  midier  habent  diversa  officia.  Frater  amat  fra- 
trom  et  sordrem.  Imbres  lloribus  et  herl)is  saepe  noxii  sunt. 
RepetitTo  est  mater  studidrum.  C<H-vi  lacerant  eadavera  ho- 
ramum  et  bestiarum.  Britanntae  caehim  propter  nnbrium  fre- 
quentiam  injucundum  est.  Circa  oppidum  sunt  aggcres  lati  et 
fossae  profundae. 


3S»  piscatSr,  -oris,  a  fisherman  auctumnus,  -i,  the  autumn 

pier  unique,  commonly  amoenus,  -S,  -tim,  delightful 

rustieus,  -T,  a  country-man  r^gio,  -onis,  a  country,  region 

dare,  to  give  temperautia,  -ae,  temperance 

The  necks  of  guu&e  arc  long.  A  brother  loves  his  brothers 
and  sisters.  The  noise  of  the  little  si)arrows  is  often  great  and 
troublesome.  AV-j  like  the  beautiful  spring.  Fishermen  have 
connnonly  small  boats.  Country-people  have  many  geese. 
The  brother  gives  a  llower  to  his  sister.  The  duties  of  men 
and  women  are  ditferent.  Laziness  is  the  mother  of  many 
vices.  Journeys  are  pleasant  in  spring  and  in  autumn.  The 
noise  of  geese  is  not  pleasant.  Who  does  not  like  beautiful 
spring  and  journeys  through  delightful  countries?  A  good 
boy  loves  (his)  father  and  mother.  A  mother's  heart  is  often 
full  of  cares.  A  good  son  is  the  joy  of  (his)  father  and  mother. 
Human  life  is  a  troublesome  journey.  Temperance  is  the 
mother  of  good  health.  In  spring  the  violet  is  the  queen  of 
tlowers. 


30,  Singular. 

Norn,  ae'  tas,  an  age 

ae  ta'  tis,  ofaji  age 
ae  ta'  ti,  to  an  age 
ae  ta'  tern,  an  age 
ae'  tas,  0  age 
ae  ta'  tCj  with  an  age 


Gen, 

Dat. 

Ace. 

Voc. 

Abl. 


Plural. 

ae  ta'  tes,  ages 

ae  ta'  turn,  of  ages 

ae  ta'  ti  bus,  to  ages 

ae  ta'  tes,  ages 

ae  ta'  tes,  0  ages 

ae  ta'  ti  biis,  ivlth  ages 


Xouns  ending  in  as  change  as  into  atis,  to  form 
the  genitive,  iiy:  aetas — aetatis,  an  age;  anas,  duck, 
has  anatis.     They  are  all  feminine.     Examples  are: 

securitas,  -atis,  security 
paupertas,  -atis,  poverty 
voluntas,  -atis,  t?ie  will,  a  wish 
llbcrtas,  -atis,  liberty,  freedom 
varietas,  -atis,  variety 
sanitas,  -atis,  health 
cupiditas,  -atis,  passion 
frCigalltas,  -atis,  frugality 


Veritas,  -atis,  truth 
calamltas,  -atis,  misfortune 
lellcltas,  -atis,  happxiness 
aestas,  -atis,  summer 
voluptas,  -atis,  ^;/easwr<? 
socletas,  -atis,  society 
diflTlcultas,  -atis,  a  difficulty 
civitas,  -atis,  a  state 


vanitas,  -atis,  vanity 


Gen.  PI.  assium 
mariuni 


—     44     — 

The  following,  which  are  irregular  in  the  forma- 
tion of  the  genitive,  are  masculine: 

Norn,   as,  an  as  (Roman  coin)  Gen.  assts 

mas,  male  mans 

vas,  a  surety  vadts 

adamas,  a  diamond  adamantts 

616phas,  an  elephant  eiephantis 

There  is  only  one  neuter: 

Norn,  vas,  a  vessel,  Gen.  vasis,  PI.  vasS,    vasorum, 
of  the  Second  Declension. 


—    4- 


o 


Imperfect. 

g'ram,  I  was 
6'  ras,  thou  wast 
6'  rat,  he  was 
€  ra'  raus,  ive  were 
$  r^'  tis,  you  were 
6' rant,  they  were 


Perfect. 

fu'  1,  /  have  been,  was  * 

m  i'  St!,  thou  hast  been,  wast 

fil'  it,  he  has  been,  was 

fii'  1  mus,  we  have  been,  were 

ITi  i'  stis,  you  have  been,  were 

fu  e'  runt,  they  have  been,  were 


ad  (with  accus.),  to  nummiis,  -i,  a  com 

venlrS,  to  come  niinins,  -&,  -iliu,  too  great,  too 

vinciilflni,  -i,  a  bond  much,  overgreat 

Romaiiris,  -a,  -fun,  Roman         libldO,  -iiiis,  desire,  lust 

aurt-fis,  -a,  -fun,  of  gold,  golden 

To,  wlicu  it  implit's  motion,  must  be  translated  by  ad  with  the 
accusative. 

Adamas  est  dnrus.  Tor  orrdrcs  ad  veritritom,  per  oalami- 
trites  vcnlmus  ad  telicitatem.  Acstate  calor  niultis  agricolis 
molestiis  luit.  Parva  voluptas  sacpe  causa  est  inagiiac  cala- 
mitatis.  Soeietatis  humanae  vinculum  est  ratio  et  oratio.  As 
Romrums  erat  parvus  iiummus.  Diversae  aetates  habent  di- 
versa  officTa.  Discipuli  pigri  semper  magnas  difficultates  ha- 
bent.  IJellum  devastat  oppTda  et  civitates.  Agricola  multos 
anseres  et  multas   anatcs   habet.      Nimia  securitas  initium 


calamitatis  est.  Homo  liberam  vohmtatem  habet ;  bestiao 
libidinibus  obtemperant.  Paupertas  homlni  probo  non  est 
dura.  Multae  voluptates  aetati  puerorum  nocent.  Yas  aure- 
um  pretiosum  est. 


40.  contemner e,  to  despise 
ruTna,  -ae,  a  ruin 
bC^nenduni,  -T,  a  benefit 
lingua,  -ae,  a  language 
inter  (with  accus.),  among 


dlgestlo,  -oiiis,  digestion 
ad  (with  accus.),  ivith  regard  to 
cariis,  -a,  -iiiii,  dear 
mlciire,  to  glitter 
parere,  to  submit 


Many  people  like  foolish  pleasures.  The  duties  of  ditferent 
ages  are  different.  In  summer,  work  is  troublesome  to  many 
men.  An  upright  man  despises  vanity.  Great  liberty  is 
often  the  ruin  of  great  states.  Difficulties  sharpen  the  dili- 
gence of  a  busy  scholar.  Poverty  is  sometimes  a  benefit. 
There  is  a  great  variety  of  languages  among  men.  Diges- 
tion is  necessary  with  regard  to  health.  Passions  are  dis- 
eases of  the  mind.  Liberty  is  dear  to  the  peoples  of  the  New 
World.  In  summer  the  trees  are  adorned  with  leaves  and 
blossoms.  The  precious  diamond  glitters.  Frugality  is  the 
mother  of  good  health.  An  upright  man  submits  to  reason, 
not  to  passion  (pi.). 


*  The  Perfect  is  otten  used  with  the  force  of  the  English  Imperfect. 


41. 

Singular. 

Nom 

a'  vis,  a  bird 

la'  pTs,  a  stone 

Gen. 

a'  VIS,  of  a  bird 

la' pi  dis,  of  a  stone 

Dat. 

a'  vi,  to  a  bird 

la'  pi  di,  to  a  stone 

Ace. 

a'  vem,  a  bird 

la'  pi  deiii,  a  stone 

Voc. 

a'  vis,  0  bird 

la'  pis,  0  stone 

Abl. 

a'  ve,  ivith  a  bird 

la'  p!  de,  loith  a  stone 

% 

Plural. 

Nom. 

a'  ves,  bij'ds 

la'  pi  des,  stones 

Gen. 

a'  vi  iim,  of  birds 

la'  pT  diim,  of  stones 

Dat. 

a'  vi  bus,  to  birds 

la  pi'  di  bus,  to  stones 

Ace. 

a'  ves,  birds 

la'  pi  des,  stones 

Voc. 

a'  ves,  0  birds 

la'  pT  des,  0  stones 

Abl. 

a'  vi  bus,  ivith  birds 

la  pi'  di  bus,  with  stones 

i 


—     46 


1.  The  majority  of  nouns  ending  in  is,  form  their 
genitive  in  is,  with  an  equal  number  of  syllables. 
They  have  the  nominative  and  genitive  singular  alike, 
and  are  declined  like  avis.     Examples  art^: 


aiiiiiis,    ,  a  ricer 
a  pis,    ,  a  hee 
aui-is,    ,  the  ear 
cants,    ,  a  dog 
cIvTs,    ,  a  citizen 
elassls,  -,  the  navy 
col  lis,    ,  a  hill 
fr-lTs,    ,  a  rat 
ITiiTs,    ,  an  end 
host  IS,  -,  an  enemy 
i«^nis,  -,  Jire 


meiisls,  -,       nonth 
TiatalTs,  - ,  a  hirthdrnj 
lu'ivTs,    ^  a  .ship 
uvis,    ,  a  sheep 
pants,  -,  bj^ead 
piscts,  - ,  rt  Jish 
llirrts,  -,  a  tifjer 
vallts,  -,  a  valley 
vernits,  -,  a  worm 
vostls,  -,  a  dress,  clothing,  gar- 
ment 


2.  S(mie   nouns   ending  in   is,    increase    in    the 

genitive,    that    is,   they  have   more    .^\llal)les  in  the 

trenhive  than  in  the  nominative.     The  connnonest  of 

tiiem  are : 

lai>Ts,  lapTdts,  a  stone  Us,  litis,  a  cpiarrel 

cinis,  cinci'ts,  ashes  sanguis,  sanguinis,  blood 

pulvis,  i)ulverts,  dust  glis,  gllrts,  a  dormouse 

vumis,  vOmerts,  a  j^loicshare 

3.  The  following  have  im  in  the  a'^'^n^ative  singu- 
lar instead  of  ^lu : 

a.  All  Greek  nouns  in  is,  and  the  names  of 
livers  and  towns  in  is,  as:  basis,  basim.  (i  />^^^^/^^•  TT- 
l)ei-is,TTl)erim,  the  Tiber;  Ner4)olis,  Xerii)r)lini.  AV/yyA.s\ 

b.  anmssTs,  amussiiii,  a  mason^s  rule 
ravTs,  ravtiii,  hoarseness 

sitis,  slttiii,  thii'st 
tussts,  tusstm,  a  cough 
VIS,  vim,  force 


i 


—    47      - 

4.  The  following  have  im  or  ^m  in  the  accusative 
singular;  but  im  is  regarded  as  preferable. 

febrts,  febrini  or  fcbrem,  a  fever 
puppts,  pui)])tin  or  puppeni,  the  stern 
restis,  rcstiiu  or  rcsteiii,  a  rope 
turris,  turrtiii  or  turrem,  a  tower 
sccuris,  securim  or  sec u rem,  an  axe 

5.  Nouns  havhig  im  in  the  accusative,  have  i  in 
the  ablative,  as:  sTtis,  sTtim,  sTti.  Those  having  im 
or  em  in  the  accusative,  have  commonly  i  in  tlie  ab- 
lative,  as  :  puppis,  puppem,  puppim.  puppi. 

6.  Xouns  in  is  having  the  same  number  of 
syllables  in  the  nominative  and  genitive  singular, 
form  the  genitive  plural  in  ium,  as:  avis,  avis, 
avium.  The  onl}^  exceptions  are:  canTs,  a  dog; 
caniim;  panis,  bread;  panum;  juvenTs,  a  yormg 
man,  a  youth;  juvenum. 

7.  Nouns  increasing  in  the  genitive,  have  um  in 
the  genitive  plural,  as :  lapTs,  lapTdTs,  lapTdum.  Ex- 
ceptions are :  lis,  a  quarrel;  litium,  and  glTs,  a  dor- 
mouse; gllrium. 

Mark  the  special  paradigm  of  vis,  force,  power, 
strength. 


Singular. 

Norn,  vis,  force 

Gen.  — 

Dat.  — 

Ace.  vim,  force 

Voc.  vis,  0  force 

Abi.  vi,  hy  force 


Plnral. 

vi'  res,  forces,  strength 
vr  rt  iim,  of  forces 
vV  rt  bus,  to  forces 
vr  res,  forces 
vr  res,  0  forces 
vr  ri  bus,  with  forces 


—     -18     — 


sTtiis,  -3,,    iiiii  Tid,  sifuafe  on 
prop^  (with  accus.),  near    \1ire 
i<;nivomfls,  -S,  -iiin,  vomiting 
Vesuvius,  -1,   Ve.suvius 
vTirllantia,  -ae,  watchfulness 
terror,  -oris,  terror 
ivcoptru'uirnn,  -i,  a  receptacle 
quando,  irhen? 
Februarlus,  -i,  February 


vlvere  piscibils,  to  lire  on  fish 
Citilitas,  -atls,  usefulness 
lit,  rt.9,  like^  such  as 
praeda,  -ae,  prey 
ancora,  -ae,  an  anchor 
finnare,  to  strengthen,  hold  (fast) 
contra  (with  arcus.),  against 
rr'fVTjxr'rare,  to  cool 
fh'irfis,  -a,  -um,  clear 

Miilti  honiTiies  vivuiit  avtliiis  ot  piscTbuP.  Classis  Britan- 
norum  ha])f't  magnum  nuinrTuin  navTum.  UtilTtas  apTum 
ma^na  est.  AquTlao,  corvi,  ^ralllnac,  ansrro.=?  et  anates  sunt 
aves.  Fonnlcae  ro<rTnam  habont,  ut  apc^.  Vita  homlnuin 
aquam  ct  ignom  postuhit.  Avos  silvarnm  'A  })i.-^cos  fbiviorum 
praeda  lioniTiniin  sunt.  Ancora  navem  llrniat  contra  vim  ven- 
tnniiii.  rulniones  rctVi«rcrant  i<an<i:uincin.  Propter  fcbrini  et 
tussini  nuilti  discipuli  in  schohi  non  fiierunt.  Propter  ravini 
verba  oratoris  non  clara  erant.  Pvonia  .^ita  est  ad  Ti])erim. 
Prope  Neapolim  i.u'nivr>nnis  Vesuvius  est.  A'igilantla  canum 
saepe  terror  praedonuiii  esi.  ('or  est  receptacillum  sanguinis. 
Mense  Januarlo  Ihitris  ni(  i  natfdis  est;  (piando  sordris  tuae 
natrdis  est,  Carole?  S«jroris  nieae  natfdis  est  mense  Februarlo. 

42.  lrlii:idus,  -a,  -um,  cold  magnanlmltas, -atis,  magnayii- 

rr'nirdifim,    i,  a  remedy  mity 

contra  (with  accus.),  f>r  a  (with  abhit.),  from 

nOtus,  -a,  -fun,  known  soHci'tla,  -ae,  skill 

uiTriis,  -ft,  -uin.  wonderful 

Cohl  water  is  a  good  remedy  Ibr  cough  and  hoarse- 
ness. Dogs  are  the'  guards  of  sheep.  The  usefidness  of 
dogs  and  cats  is  known  evervwhere.  The  liunters  were  dirty 
with  dust  and  bh)od.  The  citizens  praise  the  magnanimity  of 
the  enemies.  God  is  the  creator  of  heaven  and  earth,  of  tire, 
water  an<l  air,  of  men  and  beasts,  of  birds,  fishes,  insects  and 
worms,  of  stones  and  metals.  In  the  l)lood  of  men  there  is  iron. 
J>ones  are  food  for  dogs.  In  summer,  boys  are  commonly 
free  from  cough.  My  father's  birthday  is  in  the  month  (of) 
January.  Fire  is  the  cause  of  heat.  The  skill  of  bees  and 
ants  is  wonderful. 


49 


^ 


I 


4t3,  Pluperfect, 

fil' S  mm,  I  had  been 
fii'  e  ras,  iJiou  hadst  been 
fu'  6  rat,  he  had  been 
fu  6  ra'  miis,  we  had  been 
fu  6  ra'  tis,  you  had  been 
fu'  e  rant,  they  had  been 


First  Future. 
6'  rO,  I  shall  be 
6'  ris,  thou  ivilt  be 
6'  rlt,  he  ivill  be 
6'  rl  mils,  ive  shall  be 
6'  rl  tIs,  you  ivill  be 
6'  runt,  they  will  be 


1.  Nouns  in  is  not  increasing  in  the  genitive,  are 
feminine ;  but  to  this,  there  are  many  exceptions. 
The  following  are  mascuHne: 


pants,  -,  bread 

I)iscis,  -,  a  fish 

crinis,  -,  Jiair 

finis,  -,  an  end 

ignis,  -,  fire 

orbis,  -,  a  circle 

amnis,  -,  a  river 

canalis,  -,  a  channel^  canal 

collis,  -,  a  hiir, 


natalis,  -,  a  birthday 
unguis,  -,  a  claiVj  talon 
annalis,  -   annals 
fascis,  -,  a  bundle 
axis,  -,  an  axle,  axis 
funis,  -,  a  rope 
ensis,  -,  a  sword 
fustis,  -,  a  club 
vermis,  -,  a  worm 


mensis,  -,  a  month 

2.  Nouns  in   is  increasing  in   the    genitive,    are 
masculine;  a  few,  however,  are  feminine.     These  are: 

cassis,  cassldis,  a  helmet  cuspis,  cuspldis,  a  sptear 

tj^annls,  tyrannldis,  tyranny 

Also  YiSj  force,  pi.:  vires,  strength,  is  feminine. 


vincere,  to  conquer 
sua,  by  its  oum 
potestas,  -atis,  power 
nonnullT,  -ae,  -3,,  some 
significarg,  to  indicate 
futurus,  -Sr,  -iiin,  about  to  be, 

coming 
tempestas,  -atis,  a  storm. 


Americanus,  -3,  -um,  Amer- 

ican 
asiniis,  -i,  an  ass 
rariis,  -Si,  -iiin,  7^are 
exigims,  -a,  -iini,  small 
escS-,  -ae,  food 
Parius,  -a,  -um,  Parian 
Stiam,    alsOj  too,  even 


! 


—     50     — 

YerTtas  ma.irnam  vim  habct,  et  vincit  sua  vi  ot  potostute. 
Yermes  hortis  noxTi  ^^uut.  Xonmillae  aves  significant  futu- 
ram  tcmpcstatem.  Civcs  Americani  libcri  sunt.  Aures  asi- 
norum  longae  sunt.  Apes  sedulae  sunt  pueris  bonum  cxcm- 
plum.  Yeri  amlci  rarae  avcs  sunt.  Multae  avcs,  ut  hiscinia 
et  alauda,  delectant  auros  hominum.  PatrTa  nostra  multas 
valles  fru.2:itoras  habct.  Yiros  antnii  divcrsae  sunt.  Finis 
vitae  nostrae  inccrtus  est.  .Ma<rnis  exigili  sunt  i)isccs  piscn)us 
esca.  Marmor  Parlum  est  lapis  (birus  et  prctiosus.  InitTuni 
prosperum  ha])ct  sacpe  niiseruni  lincni.  Sanguis  avium  et 
pisclum  ruber  est.  Etiam  niali  homines  saepe  pulchras  vestes 
habent.     Pulvis  et  umbra  sumusi 


d4,  calTdfis,  -a,  -fim,  varm 
celeritas,  -at is,  mvifiness 
primus,  -a,  -iiiii,  (he  first 


cOtidTanus,  -a,  -um,  flnthj 
custOdia,  -ae,  iccUvh^  watchfid- 
mox,  soon  —  nunr,  noiv     [ness 


America  has  largo  and  deep  rivers.  A  true  friend  is  a 
rare  bird.  Men  have  red  and  warm  blood.  Diamonds  are 
hard  stones.  The  swiftness  of  many  dogs  is  great.  There 
are  black  and  whit(^  sheep.  The  blood  of  fish  is  cold.  God 
gives  (to)  men  (their)  daily  bread.  The  farni(n-  praises  the 
watchfulness  of  his  dogs.  The  teacher  show.- , .  ihe  lazy  boys 
the  busy  bees  and  ants.  Fire  is  necessary  to  the  life  of  men. 
January  and  February  are  the  first  months  of  the  year.  Our 
country  has  high  hills  and  charming  valleys.  The  lUiine  is  a 
broad  and  deep  river.  Dust  is  injurious  to  the  eyes.  Great 
is  the  force  of  habit.  Mv  friend,  vou  have  been  a  bov,  now 
you  are  a  youth,  and  you  will  soon  be  a  num.  A  black  swan 
is  a  rare  bird.     The  girls  have  beautiful  garments. 


45. 

Norn,  nu'  b?s,  a  cloud 

Gen.  nu'  bis,  of  a  cloud 

Dat.  nu'  1)1,  to  a  cloud 

Ace.  nu'  beni,  a  cloud 

Voc.  nu' bCs,  0  cloud 

Abl.  nu'  be,  ivith  a  cloud 


Singular. 

ml'  li'S,  a  soldier 
mi'  li  tis,  of  a  soldier 
ml'  li  ti,  to  a  soldier 
mV  II  tern,  a  soldier 
mi'  les,  0  soldier 
ml'  11  te,  ivith  a  soldier 


51 


i 


Plural. 


Nom.  nQ'  bes,  clouds 
Gen.    nu'  bi  iini,  of  clouds 
Dat.    nu'  bi  bus,  to  clouds 
Ace.     nu'  bes,  i^louds 
Voc.    nu' bes,  0  clouds 
Abl.     nu'  bi  bus,  with  clouds 


ml'  11  tes,  soldiers 

ml'  11  tilm,  of  soldiers 

ml  \V  ti  biis,  to  soldiei^s 

ml'  11  tes,  soldiers 

mV  11  tes,  0  soldiers 

ml  li'  ti  bus,  ivith  soldie7's 


1.  Nouns  ending  in  es  change  es  into  is,  to  form 
the  genitive.  They  have  the  same  number  of  syl- 
hibles  in  the  nominative  and  genitive,  and  are  de- 
clined Hke  nubes.  Nouns  in  ^s  increase  in  the  geni- 
tive, changing  es  into  itis,  and  are  decUned  hke 
miles.     Examples  are: 


lames,  -is,  hunger 
eludes,  -IS,  defeat 
vulpes,  -is,  a  fox 
caodes,  -is,  a  slaughter 
srdes,  -is,  a  seat 


comes,  -itis,  a  companion 
gurges,  -itis,  a  ivh  irlpool 
merges,  -itis,  a  sheaf 
llmSs,  -itis,  a  (C7*oss-)path^  lim  It 
pedSs,  -itis,  afoot-soldier 


tuques,  -itis,  a  rider ^  horseman^  horse-soldier 

2.  The  following  nouns  in  es  and  es  are  excep- 
tions, increasing  in  the  genitive,  in  different  ways: 


abies,  -etis,  the  silver  fir 
aries,  -etis,  a  ram 
paries,  -etis,  a  ivall 
interi)res,  -etis,  an  interpn^eter 
seges,  -etis,  a  crop 
tCges,  -etis,  a  covering 
quies,  -etis,  rest 


pes,  pedis,  afoot 
conipes,  -edis,  a  fetter 
quadrupes,  -edis,  afourfooted 

animal^  quadruped 
liGres,  -edis,  an  heir 
merces,  -edis,  a  reward 
obses,  -idis,  a  hostage 


praeses,  -idis,  a  president 

3.  All  nouns  in  es,  having  the  same  number  of 
syllables  in  the  nominative  and  genitive,  have  iiim 
in  the  genitive  plural,  like  nubes.  But  strues,  a  heap^ 


14 


62 


vates,  a  prophet,  sedes,  a  seat,  have  um,  thus:  struum, 
vatum,  secliim.  Those  iii  es  and  es  increasing  in 
the  genitive  have  um,  Hke  miles. 

4.  All  nouns  in  es,  having  the  same  number  of 
syllables  in  the  nominative  and  genitive,  are  femi- 
nine; those  in  es  andes  increasing  hi  the  genitive  are 
mascuhne,  except  the  following,  which  are  feminine: 


racri^es,  -itis,  a  shenf 
seije.s,  -etis,  a  crop 
teges,  -etis,  a  covering 


mcrces,  -edis,  a  reward 

(lines,  -etis,  rest,  and  Compounds 

compes,  -eclis,  a  feller 


optlmiis,  -a,  -fim,  best 
CMKiuil,    ae,  a  (female)  cook 
aviiiiis,  -T,  a  miser 
in  (with  accus.),  into 
vTdere,  to  ,see 


pollere,  to  drive  away 
ater,  -ril,  riiiii,  UacK',  dark 
intt'r  (with  accus.),  between 
j)rnl)us,  -a,  -um,  good 
iinj)r61)us,  -3,,  -um,  bad ,  ivicked 


horrcum,    T,  a  granary,  barn    conscTentia,  -ae,  conscience 
portare,  to  convey,  varnj         ccrliis, -a, -um,  certain,  sure 

Fames  est  optima  cocpni,  Sanguis  qiiadnipudiim,  avium 
et  piscium  est  ruber.  Avfirus  noii  videt  <raudium  heredum. 
Luna  est  comes  terrae  nostrae.  Gurgitcs  saepe  parvis  navibus 
periculosi  sunt.  Abies  est  arbor  alta  ct  procera.  Agricola 
mergites  in  horreum  portat.  Ventus  pclUt  atras  nubes.  Clades 
hostium  magna  erat.  Atrac  nubes  nautis  non  sunt  gratac.  In- 
ter nostrum  et  vestrum  agrum  angustus  limes  est.  Canes  sunt 
fidi  comltes  dominorum  siinrum.  Vir  probus  saepe  improbum 
heredem  habet.  Bona  conscientTa  mercedem  certam  habet. 
Nubes  atrae  sunt  causa  tempestatum.  Agricolam  delectant 
pulchrae  segetes.  LeOneSj  feles,  canes,  oves,  vulpes  sunt 
quadrupedcs. 

4:6*  famuliis,  -T,  a  servant  astutus,  -a,  -um,  cunning  (adj.) 

nOttis,  -a,  -um,  notorious    calliditas,  -atis,  cunning  (subst.) 


—     53     — 

A  good  servant  is  a  faithful  companion  of  his  master. 
Horses,  oxen,  cats,  dogs,  sheep,  and  foxes  are  quadrupeds. 
The  slaughter  of  the  soldiers  was  great.  There  are  often  dark 
clouds  in  the  sky.  Nature  requires  work  and  rest.  Hunger 
and  thirst  are  troublesome.  Foxes  are  cunning.  The  cunning 
of  foxes  is  notorious.  The  American  silver  fir  is  a  beautiful 
tree.  Fourfooted  animals  have  red  blood.  The  seat  of  life  is 
in  the  heart.  The  arms  of  foot-soldiers  and  horsemen  are 
different.  The  proud  peacock  has  ugly  feet.  Geese  are  white; 
the  feet  of  geese  are  red.  Obscure  words  require  an  inter- 
preter. Sons  and  daughters  are  the  heirs  of  (their)  fathers 
and  mothers. 


47. 

Singular. 

Norn 

urbs,  a  city 

pars,  apart,  side 

Gen. 

ur'  bis,  of  a  city 

par'  tis,  of  apart 

Dat. 

ur'  bi,  to  a  city 

par'  ti,  to  a  part 

Ace. 

ur'  bem,  a  city 

par'  tem,  a  part 

Voc. 

urbs,  0  city 

pars.  Opart 

Abl. 

ur'  bS,  with  a  city 

par'  t6,  with  apart 
Floral. 

Norn. 

ur'  bes,  cities 

par'  tes,  parts 

Gen. 

ur'bltim,  of  cities 

par'tiiim,  of  parts 

Dat. 

ur'  bi  bus,  to  cities 

par'  ti  bus,  to  parts 

Ace. 

ur'  bes,  cities 

par'  tes,  parts 

Voc. 

ur'  bes,  0  cities 

par' tes,  0  parts 

Abl. 

ur'bibtis,  with  cities        par' ti  bus,  with  parts 

1.  Nouns  ending  in  bs,  ps,  and  ms,  change  s 
final  into  is,  to  form  the  genitive,  and  are  decHned 
hke  urbs,  urbis.  A  few,  however,  are  subject  to  a 
shght  variation  of  the  preceding  vowel.     These  are: 

adeps,  adipis,  lard  auceps,  aucilpis,  a  fowler 

and  those  ending  in  ceps,  as:  princeps,  principis,  a 
chief. 


—     51     — 


55 


2.  All  nouns  ending;  In  Is.  rs,  and  ns  change  s 
final  into  tis,  to  form  the  genitive,  and  are  declined 
like  pars,  partis.     Such  are: 

mors,  -tls,  death 
infiins,  -tis,  a  babe,  child 
ars,  -tis,  art 


gens,  ^tis,  a  irlbe^  peojile 
Irons,  -tis,  the  forehead^  brow 
pi'ircns,  -tis,  a  parent 


Only  three  have  dis,  in  the  genitive,  namely: 

frons,  frondts,  foliage 
glans,  irlandis,  an  acorn 
juglans,  juglandis,  a  icalmit 

3.  Monosyllables  in  s,  preceded  by  a  consonant, 
have  iuiii  in  the  genitive  plural,  as:  urbs,  nrbiiim. 
To  this  there  is  only  one  exception,  viz.:  (ops),  help, 
pL:  opes,  opuin,  icealih.  Nouns  of  two  ore  more 
syllables  in  ns  or  rs  have  connuonly  iriiii,  as:  adu- 
lescens,  a  youth,  adrdescentiuin.  Only  parens,  a 
parent,  has  more  usually  parentum. 

4.  Nouns  ending  in  s  preceded  by  a  consonant 
are  feminine.     As  excM'ptions,  masculine  are: 

(lens,  -tls,  a  tooth  i)ons,  -tts,  a  brhVje 

Tons,  -tis,  a  sj^rlng,  source  adeps,  rulipis,  laj'd 

mons,  -tls,  a  mountain  oriens.  -tis,  the  eat^t 

oceldens,  tis,  the  west 


defensor,  -oris,  a  defender 
aetornltas,  -iitis,  eternitii 
oertiis,  -  a,  -fiiii,  fixed 
sereniis,  -a,  -iini,  cheerfuh 

serene 
post  (with  aceus.),  behind 
antt^  (with  aceus.),  before 
aeerbiis,  -S,  -ilni,  bitter 


oppositus,  -S,  -uni,  opposite 

sed,  but 

hura,  -ae,  an  hour 

I)lr'l)s,  -IS,  the  common  people 

aeeeptiis,  -ft,  -Gm,  agreeable 

ingeniuiii,   -i,   character,    diS' 

position 
arsjuere,  to  reveal 


MilTtos  sunt  nofensdros  nrlmim  et  civTum.  InvidTa  est  fons 
iiiultorum  maldrum.  Mors  est  finis  vitao  nostrao.  Menses 
sunt  partes  anni,  annus  est  jiars  aeternitatis.  Ossa  infantlum 
tenera  sunt.  Somniis  <  >t  imago  mortis.  Multae  gentcs  sedem 
certam  non  li about.  Doiii  hominis  frons  semper  serena  est. 
Post  altos  niontes  i)rol\in(lae  sunt  vallcs.  Virus  multdrum 
serpentTum  homiuTlius  mortilerum  est.  Films  probus  est  gau- 
diuui  parentum.  Nemo  ante  mortem  bcatus.  Liberi  amant 
parentes  suos.  Infans  fuisti,  nunc  puer  cs,  mox  juvenis  eris. 
IIoniTni  improbo  mors  acerba  est.  Oriens  oppositus  est  occi- 
denti.  Mors  est  certa,  sed  mortis  hora  incerta.  Contra  vim 
mortis  non  crescit  herba  in  hortis.  Intcrdum  etTam  viri  mali 
plebi  accept i  sunt.     Opes  liominis  ingemum  arguuut. 

48,  ITehT'tia,  -ae,  Switzerland      avarltiil,  -ac,  avarice 
hienis,  -IS,  winter  [did    plurlmfis,  -a,  -uni,  most 

splendidfis,  -ft,  -fun,  spjrn-    simtlitudo,  -luis,  resemblance 

In  America  there  are  many  high  mountains.  Rome  and 
Naples  are  ^reat  cities  of  Italy.  The  teeth  of  dogs  are  white, 
liard,  and  sharp.  Switzerland  has  hi.i2:h  mountains,  and  de- 
lightful valleys.  In  winter  our  trees  have  neither  leaves  nor 
blossoms;  in  autumn  the  foliage  of  American  forests  is  splendid. 
The  air  is  warm  in  summer,  cold  in  winter.  Envy  and  avarice 
arc  the  sources  of  many  evils.  Sleep  is  the  brother  of  death. 
An  hour  is  a  small  part  of  a  year.  Children  have  tender  bones. 
Most  spriuf^s  have  cold  water  ;  the  water  of  some  springs  is 
warm.  Good  sons  arc  the  joy  of  (their)  parents.  The  resem- 
blance of  death  and  sleep  is  great.  A  long  winter  is  trouble- 
some to  farmers.  In  the  mountains  there  is  the  origin  of 
many  springs. 


49.  Singnlar. 

Norn,  dux,  a  leader 

Gen.  du'  CIS,  of  a  leader 

Dat.  du'  cT,  to  a  leader 

Ace.  dil'  cem,  a  leader 

Voc.  dux,   0  leader 

Abl.  du'  ce,  with  a  leader 


Plural. 

du'  ces,  leaders 
du'  cum,  of  leaders 
dil'  ci  biis,  to  leaders 


du'  ces, 
dil'  ces. 


leaders 
0  leaders 


du'  ci  biis,  with  leaders 


56     — 


5Y 


Singular. 
Norn,  ju'  (lex,  a  judge 
Gen.    ju' di  CIS,  of  a  judge 
Dat.    ju' di  ci,  to  a  judge 
Ace.    ju' di  eeiii,  a  judge 
Voc.    ju'  (lex,   0  judge 
Abl.     ju'  di  ce,  iL'lth  a  judge 

Norn,  rox,  a  kuig 

Gen     rO'  gis,  <>/«  king 

Dat.     n"'  u:T,  ^o  a  king 

Ace.     rC  i;eiii,  a  king 

Voc     rex,  0  king 

Abl.     re'  ij^e,  ?(;<7/^  a  king 


Pltfral. 
jQ'  dl  ces,  judges 
ju'  dl  cum,  of  judges 
ju  dr  ci  bus,  to  judges 
ju'  dl  ces,  judges 
ju'  dl  ces,  0  judges 
ju  dr  ci  bus,  icith  judges 

re'  ges,  A'^??/7.<? 

re'  giiin,  of  kings 

rC  gi  bus,  to  kings 

r6'  ges,  kings 

re'  ges,  0  A//jf7.s' 

rC  gi  bus,  with  kings 


^ 


1.  Xoiins  ending  in  x  form  their  genitive  by 
changing  x  either  into  cis  or  ^is.  The  great  ma- 
jority of  tliem  change  x  into  eis,  as  dux,  ducis. 
Examples  are: 


pax,  pacts,  peace 
cornix,  coi'iileis,  a  crow 
radix,  radU'ts,  a  root 
pix,  pTcis,  pitch 


vox,  vocis,  a  voice 
lux,  lueTs,  light 
falx,  faleis,  a  sickle 
nierx,  inercis,  ware 


2.  Xouns  in  ex  follow  the  same  rule,  but  change 
at  the  same  time  the  e  before  the  x  into  i,  as:  ju- 
dex, judicTs.     Examples  are: 

cortex,  cortleTs,  a  hark  vertex,  verticis,  a  top 

3.  There  are  a  few  nouns  in  x  which  cliano:e  x 

into  g:is,  like  rex,   regis.     These  are: 

lex,  legris,  a  hiw  conjux,  conj Tigris,  a  husband  or 

grex,  grcjjis,  a  flock  wife 

(iVux,  iVujps),  usually  pi. :  frug:es,  rrug:iini,  fruit. 

4.  The  following  are  quite  irregular: 


I 


Bix,  111  VIS,  snoio 
nox,  noctis,  the  night 


senex,  senis,  an  old  man 
supellex,  supellectllis,/ttrni^wre 


5.  As  a  rule,  nouns  in  x  have  um  in  the  genitive 
plural,  Hke  dux  and  rex.  Yet  monosyllables  in  x 
preceded  by  a  consonant,  have  iilm,  as:  arx,  a  citadel, 
arcium.     Likewise:  nox,  noctium;  nix,  nivium. 

C.  Nouns  in  x  are  feminine.  The  majority  of 
those  in  ex  are  masculine,  so  that  only  a  few  are 
feminine,  namely: 

lex,  ir^g-is,  a  law  nex,  necis,  a  murder 

su})ellex,  supellectilis,  furniture 
(prcx,  precis),  usually  i)l. :  preces,  precfun,  a  prayer 

The  following  in  ix  also  are  masculine: 

calix,  calleis,  a  cup  fornix,  foriilcis,  an  arch 

phoenix,  pboeuu-Ts,  the  phenix 


bellTcosus,  -a,  -iini,  icarlike  mutatkl,  -onTs,  a  change 

pernoctare,  to  stay  all  night  nuTcator,  -oris,  a  merchant 

^ong  firraiis,  -a,  -iini,  firni 

sanctus,  -a,  -iim,  sacred  grando,  -inis,  hail 

secare,  to  cut  glaber,  -ra,  -rum,  smooth 

Lux  est  vitac  imago,  nox  mortis.  Luna  comes  noctis  est. 
Pax  longa  gcnti  bellicdsac  molcsta  est.  JiulTccs  sunt  inter- 
pretos  legum.  ConsuctudTiiis  magna  vis  est ;  pcrnoctant  ve- 
natores  in  nive.  Cortex  vetustarum  arborum  est  durus  et 
aspcr.  Leges  civitatis  bonis  civibus  sanctae  sunt.  Agricola 
acnta  falce  segetem  secat.  Pastores  sunt  custodes  gregum 
suorum.  OfficTa  sonum  et  juvenum  diversa  sunt.  Boni  cives 
legibus  civitatis  obtemperant.  Leo  est  rex  quadrupedum. 
Luna  varlas  mutationcs  lucis  hal)et.  Bonae  merccs  laudant 
mercatorem.  Arl)orcs  vetustae  longas  et  robustas  radices  ha- 
bont.  Xubes  sunt  causa  pluvTae,  nivis  et  grandinis.  Non- 
nullac  arbores  glabrum  corticem  habent. 

«70,  maturus,  -a,  -um,  rljye  tegere,  to  cover 

lentus,  -a,  -um,  tenacious     pretium,  -T,  a  p)rice 
manere,  to  last  In  (with  ablat),  on,  upon 

vernus,  -a,  -um,  belonging  to  spring^  in  spring 


—    58    — 

The  roots  of  old  trees  are  deep  and  strong.  The  love  of 
money  is  the  root  of  evil.  A  ripe  crop  requires  sharp  sickles. 
Many  crows  have  a  long  life.  Pitch  is  l)lack  and  tenacious. 
The  knvs  of  the  Romans  were  severe,  hut  just.  Fire  is  the 
cause  of  light,  heat,  and  color.  Snow  in  spring  does  not  last. 
Winter  covers  the  fields  with  snow.  Young  men  and  old  men 
have  diiferent  duties.  The  teacher  praises  the  boy's  clear 
voice.  Good  shepherds  are  good  watchmen  of  their  flocks. 
Good  wares  have  always  tlieir  price.  On  high  mountains, 
there  are  eternal  snows.     The  laws  are  sacred  to  just  judges. 


1. 

Norn,  vir'  tus,  virtue 

Gen.  vir  tu' lis,  of  virtue 

Dat.  vir  tu'  ti,  to  virtue 

Ace.  vir  tu' tern,  virtue 

Voc.  vir'  tus,  0  virtue 

Abl.  vir  tu'  te,  ^vith  virtue 


SiDgalar. 

fraus,  n  fraud 
frau'  dls,  of  a  fraud 
Irau'  dl,  to  a  fraud 
frau'  deiii,  a  fraud 
fraus,  0 fraud, 
fra u '  de,  iv  ith  a  fra  u d 


Plural. 


Nom.  vir  tu'  tes,  vi?iucs 
Gen.    vir  tu' tfiiii,  of  virtues 
Dat.     vir  tu'  ti  bus,  to  virtues 
Ace.     virtu' tes,  virtues 
Voc.    vir  tu'  tes,  0  virtues 


frau'  {]efi^  frauds 

frau'  (lum  (-1  fini),  of  frauds 

frau'  (IT  bus,  to  frauds 

frau'  (les,  frauds 

frau'  des,  0  frauds 


Abl.     vir  tu'  ti  bus,  with  vi?iues    frau'  di  bus,  icith  frauds 

1.  A  few  nouns  in  us  change  us  into  litis,    or 
fidis,  to  form  their  genitive.     These  are: 

virtus,  -fitis,  virtue,  valor  juvcntfis,  -utTs,  youth 

salus,  -UtTs,  safety,  welfare         scncctus,  -utis,  old  age 
servitus,  -utis,  slavery  palus,  -fulTs,  a  bog^  swamp 

inciis,  -lidis,  an  anvil 

tellus,  earth,  has  telluris,  pecus,  a  head  of  cattle,  an 
uiuiual,  peciidis,  and  Venus,  the  goddess  Venus, 
Veneris. 


i 


—     59     — 

^lark  the  following  names  of  animals  which,  by 
their  termination,  belong  to  the  same  class: 

mus,  murTs,  a  mouse;  genitive  plural:  uuirTum 

Icpus,  leporTs,  a  hare 

grus,  gruTs,  a  crane 

sus,  suis,  a  swine;  dative  plural:  subus  (instead  of  suTbus) 

2.  Of  the  nouns  belonging  to  this  class,  only  mus 
and  lepus  are  masculine;  all  the  rest  are  feminine. 

3.  Tlie  oidy  two  nouns  in  aus,  viz.:  laus,  laudis, 
jjraise,  and  fraus,  fraudis,  a  fraud,  are  feminine;  fraus 
has  fraudum  or  fraudium  in  the  genitive  i)lural. 


es,  he  thou 

e'  sto,  thou  Shalt  he 

c'  sto,  he  shall  he 

Solus,  -ii,  -lini,  alone 
caufis,  -a,  -iiiii,  hoary 


Imperative. 


e'  ste,  he  ye 

e  sto'  te,  ye  shall  he 

sun'  to,  they  shall  he 


tranquilliis,  -a,  -um,  calm 
houcstfis,  -a,  -um,  honorahle, 

honest 
uiuriis,  -T,  a  wall 
fnndamcntum,  -i,  a  foundation 
falsus,  -a,  -um,  false 
studlosus,  -a,  -um,  studious 


index,  -Teis,  a  mark 
nulliis,  -a,  -iim,  ??o,  vot  any 
invius,  -a,  -um,  impassable 
laborTosus,  -a,  -lim,  lahorious 
praemTiim,  -i,  a  rorard 

In  pace  est  salus  populorum,  non  in  bcllo.  Nemo  sempi- 
ternam  juventutem  habet.  Yirtutis  tuae  non  tu  judex  es,  sed 
Deus.  Oves  sunt  pecudcs  lanigerae.  Canes  sunt  hostes  timi- 
dorum  leporum.  Feles  sunt  hostes  parvorum  murium.  Virtus 
sola  purus  fons  verae  laudis  est.  Pueri  modesti  sunto.  Cani 
crines  sunt  indices  senectutis,  non  sapientiae.  Virtuti  nulla 
via  invia  est.  Laboriosae  juventutis  praeniTum  tranquilla  et 
lionesta  senectus  est.  Muri  mures  non  arcent.  Virtus  est 
fundamentum  verae  salutis  hominum  et  civitatum.  Sues  sunt 
pccudes  sordidae,  sed  sapTdam  carnem  habent.  Vir  honestus 
veram  laudem  amat,  falsam  laudem  contemnit.  Fratres  sunto 
amici.  Virtutis  studiosus  esto.  Virtutis  via  angusta  est. 
Leporis  timidi  aures  sunt  longae. 


I 


—     GO     — 


32»  M  (with  aopiis.),  to 
seniire,  to  maintain 
univoi'sfis,  -il,  -liiii,  tchole 
just  It  IS,  -ae,  justice 
desIdCrare,  to  want 


pestlfTT,  -S,  -flm,  pestiferous 
tribuc^ro,  to  aicarcl 
lactiis,  -5-,  -fiiii,  joyful 
inagts,  more,  better 
ninrosiis,  -3,,  -fun,  morose 


iiidustria,  -ae,  indiLntnj 

Few  come  to  old  npro.  The  virtue  of  (one's)  parents  is  a 
great  dower.  15e  ^ood,  boys,  and  you  will  be  blessed.  Rouf^h 
and  steep  is  the  road  to  virtue.  Kin<>:s  do  not  always  maintain 
the  welfare  of  the  citizens.  Men  are  the  lords  of  the  whole 
earth.  Justice  is  a  virtue,  the  mistress  and  queen  of  virtues. 
The  teacher's  praise  is  pleasinfr  to  the  scholar.  True  virtue  does 
not  want  any  nnvanl.  Near  Rome,  there  were  })estiferous 
swamps.  Hie  virtue  of  the  citizens  is  the  safety  of  the  state. 
Men  award  praise  and  houor  to  a  just  and  upright  judge.  We 
like  joyful  youth  better  than  morose  old  age.  Industry  and 
modesty  are  the  virtues  of  youth.  Swine  are  dirty  and  ugly. 
Boys  shall  1)0  studious  of  virtue.  The  farmer  has  a  faithful 
keeper  of  his  animals. 


Plural. 

rC  ti  a,  nets 

rC  ti  iini,  of  nets 

rC  ti  bus,  to  nets 

re'  tl  a,  nets 

re'tta,  Ovets 

re'  ti  bits,  with  nets 

a  nT  mfi'  IT  a.  animals 

h  uT  ma'  11  fun,  ({f  animals 

a  uT  ma'  It  bus,  to  animals 

a  nl  ma'  li  j\,  animals 

a  nl  ma'  IT  a,  0  animals 

a  ni  ma'  IT  bus,  with  animals 

cal  ca'  rT  a,  sjiuy^^^ 

eal  ca'  rT  uni,  ofsjiurs 

cal  ca'  rT  biis,  to  sjjurs 

cal  ca'  rT  it,  spurs 

cal  ca'  rT  a,  0  spurs 

cal  ca'  ri  btis,  ivith  spurs 


.'i. 

Singular. 

Nom. 

re'  tT',  a  net 

Gen. 

re'  tTs,  of  a  net 

Dat. 

re'  tl,  to  a  net 

Ace. 

re'  tc,  a  net 

Voc. 

re'  te,  0  net 

Abl. 

rC'  tl,  \rith  a  net 

Nom. 

a'  nl  mal,  an  animal 

Gen. 

a  ni  ma'  ITs,  of  an  animal 

Dat. 

a  n!  ma'  li,  to  an  animal 

Ace. 

a'  ni  mfd,  an  animal 

Voc. 

a'  ni  mi'd,  0  animal 

Abl. 

a  m  mil'  \\  with  an  animal 

Nom. 

cal'  car,  a  spur 

Gen. 

cal  ca' rTs,  of  a  spur 

Dat. 

cal  ca'  li,  to  a  spur 

Ace. 

cal'  car,  a  spur 

Voc. 

cal'  car,  0  spur 

Abl. 

cal  ca'  li,  icith  a  spur 

|S 


n 


—     61     — 

1.  Nouns  in  ^  change  e  into  is,  to  form  the  geni- 
tive, as:  rete,  retis. 

Those  in  al  and  ar  form  the  genitive  by  changing 
al  and  ar  into  alis,  aris,  as:  animal,  animaUs^ 
calcar,  ealcaris. 

The  following  nouns  are  dechned  in  the  same 
manner: 


mare,  -is,  the  sea,  ocean 
a  1  tare,  -Ts,  an  altar 
cuhlle,  -Ts,  a  lair 
conclave,  -Ts,  a  room 


vectTocal,  -alls,  fa,r,  income 
cochlear,  -ilrTs,  a  spoon 
exemplar,  -iirTs,  a  model 


heprir,  liver,  makes  its  genitive  hepatis;  far,  com, 
f/ram,  has  farrls,  and  the  plui'al  fai-ra;  mel,  hoiie?/^ 
lias  mellTs,  and  the  ])lural  iiiella;  fel,  r/((I/,  has  fellTs,' 
hut  is  without  a  plural. 

^2.  Xouns  in  e.   Til,    and  ar,    as  well  as  fcl  and 
mSl,  are  neuter. 

3.  Xeuters  in  e,  al,  and  ar  have  i  in  the  ablative 
singular,  iiiin  in  the  genitive  plural,  and  ia  in  the 
nominative,  accusative,  and  vocative  i)lural.  Those, 
however,  with  a  (short  a)  in  the  genitive,  have  ^  in 
the  ablative,  as:  nectar,  iiedar,  nectare;  liepar,  liver, 
hepate;  also  far,  corn,  has  farre. 

4.  The  following  mascuhnes  in  1,  which  form  their 
genitive  likewise  by  adding  is  to  the  nominative,  de- 
serve special  notice: 


sol,  sOlTs,  the  sun 
sal,  salTs,  salt 


consul,  consulTs,  a  consul 
piigil,  piigilTs,  a  pugilist 


—    62 


—    63    — 


rota,  -ae,  a  icheel  cavils,  -a,  -iim,  concave,  lioUow 

ferretis,  -S,  -iim,  iron  argent rfis,  -il,  -uin,  .sZ/rcr 

aptiis,  -a,  -fun,  fit^  adapted  flavus,  -a,  -fmi,  yclhnc 

convenient  cupla,  -ae,  abundance 

opTfex,  -lets,  a  mal'er  Brutus,  -^i,  Brutn.^ 

salsus,  -a,  -full,  mlt  ColiatTiius,  -i,  CoUaiinus 

Rotao  calcarlum  forreos  dontcs  liabcnt.  Maria  sunt  domi- 
cilla  pir^ciuiii.  Nautae  et  piscatdres  retla  liabcnt.  EquTtes 
aurca  calcarla  liabcnt.  Mira  nonnulloruiii  aninialTuin  sollcrtia 
est.  Sal  cquis,  bubus,  ovTbus  apt  us  est.  Maria  sunt  profunda. 
Apes  opitlccs  mcllis  sunt.  Maris  ac^ua  salsa  est.  YectigalTa 
civitati  necessaria  sunt.  Cochlear  est  cavum.  Etiam  aurea 
calcarla  ferreos  dentes  habent.  Calcarla  argentea  et  cochlearia 
argcntea  non  sunt  rara.  Sol  est  causa  caldris.  In  niari  sunt 
multi  pisces.  Mel  ])urum  ilavuin  est.  Lepdres  sunt  timida 
animalta.  Parsiinonia  niagnuin  vectlgal  est.  Judex  csto  Ju- 
stus. Agricdla  liabet  nuignani  copiani  niellis.  RetTa  vena- 
tdruin  avTbiis  periculdsa  sunt.  In  silvis  sunt  cubilTa  vul- 
pium  et  lepdrum.  Brutus  et  Collatlnus  primi  consiilcs  Roma- 
ndruin  fuerunt.  Bonum  exemplar  semper  magnam  utililatem 
habet. 


55. 


54.  amruTis,  -a,  -uni,  hitfrr 
stiniulare,   to  prick'  vp 
Moxicaniis,  -a,  -fuu,   Mcj:- 
ican 


sOrTc('iis,  -a,  -uiii.  silken 
auetorltas,  -at is,  autJtoritfj 
ddniosticus,  -a,  -fun,  domestic 
Icvare,   to  allay 


The  sun  drives  away  the  night.  The  seas  are  full  of  fish. 
My  room  is  large.  Gall  is  bitter;  honey  is  sweet.  Good 
salt  is  white  and  hard.  Models  of  virtue  arc  rar(\  The  horse- 
man pricks  up  his  horse  with  sharp  spurs.  The  sun  is  the 
world's  eve.  The  l)lood  of  manv  animals  is  red.  Some  fisher- 
men  have  silken  nets.  Silver  spoons  are  dear.  Pure  honey 
is  a  pleasant  food.  The  deep  sea  is  the  abode  of  fishes.  Mexi- 
can horsemen  have  commonly  silver  spurs.  The  sun  is  large; 
the  moon  is  small.  High  mountains  arc  the  altars  of  God. 
The  authority  of  the  Roman  consuls  was  great.  Hens,  ducks, 
geese,  sheep,  cows,  oxen,  and  horses  are  domestic  animals. 
The  shades  allay  the  heat  of  the  sun. 


i 


Adjectives  in  ^r,  is,  e,  and  is,  6. 

ac^r,  acrls,  acre,  sharj^j  keen 
Singular. 

/ 
a'  cris 
a'  cris 
a'  cri 
a'  crein 
a'  cris 
a'  cri 


Norn. 

a'  cer 

Gen. 

a'  cris 

Dat. 

a'  cri 

Ace. 

a'  crem 

Voc. 

a'  cer 

Abl. 

a'  cri 

Nom. 

Gen. 

Dat. 

Ace. 

Voc. 

Abl. 


m. 
a'  cres 
a'  cri  iiiii 
a'  cri  biis 
a'  cres 
a'  cres 
a'  cri  biis 


Plural. 

/ 
a'  cres 

a'  cri  iim 

a'  cri  biis 

a'  ores 
a'  cres 
a'  cri  bus 


n. 

a' 

ere 

a 

cris 

a' 

cri 

a' 

erg 

a' 

ere 

a' 

cri 

n. 

a' 

cri  a 

a' 

cri  iim 

a' 

cri  bus 

a' 

cri  a 

a' 

cri  a 

a' 

cri  biis 

Singular. 
m.  &  f. 
Nom.  tri'  stis 
Gen.    tri'  stis 
Dat.     tri'  stT 
Ace.     tri'  stem 
Voc.    tri'  stis 
Abl.     tri'  sti 


trlstis,  triste,  sad 

Plural. 

fi-  m.  &  f. 

tri'  ste  tri'  stes 

tri' stis  tri' sti  iim 

tri'sti  tri' sti  biis 

tri'  ste  tri'  stes 

tri'  ste  tri'  stes 

tri' sti  tri' sti  biis 


n. 
tri'  sti  a 
tri'  sti  iim 
tri'  sti  biis 
tri' sti  a 
tri'  sti  a 
tri'  sti  biis 


1.  Certain  adjectives  of  the  Third  Declension  have 
in  the  nominative  singular  three  different  forms,  one 
for  each  gender— others  two,  the  masculine  and' fem- 
inine being  the  same  —  others  but  one,  the  same 
for  all  genders.  Those  of  three  terminations  end  in 
^r,  is,  ^,  and  are  decHned  hke  pater,  avis,  mar^,  re- 
spectively. All  drop  the  e  before  r  in  declension, 
except  celer,  cel^ris,  celere,  swift,  which  retains  it! 


—     G4     — 


--     65    — 


Like  acer  are  declined: 

terroster,  terrcstns,  terrcstre,  terrestrial 
pfiluster,  palustns,  piilustre,  swampy 
celeber,  cc'lebris,  celr'br«5,  famous 
alacer,  alucris,  alacre,  livebj,  yay 

2.  Those  which  have  two  forms,  cud  in  is,  ^,  and 
are  dechned  hke  acris,  acre.     Examples  arc: 

suavTs,  -6,  sweet,  pleasant  iiistal)Ilis,  -e,  unstemh/ 


dulcTs,  -e,  sweet 
brevis,  -e,  ,^h<)rt 
oiiiiiis,  -e,  all,  every 
sTinilTs,  -e,  like 
aiiricilis,  -e,  (lijjienlt,  hard 
utilis,  -e,  useful,  salutary 
iiisaiiril)ilTs,  -e,  ineurable 
fragllTs,  -e,  fray  He,  frail 


huiiillTs,  -e,  low 
niortalTs,  -e,  mortal 
salritarTs,  -e,  heueflvial,  whole- 
some, salutary 
viridis,  -6,  green 
lac  ills,  -e,  easy 
lor t  IS,  -€,  bra  re 
sei)tentrTr)nrilTs,  -e,  northern 


3.  As  a  rule,  adjectives  in  is,  e,  and  er,  is,  e  form 
llicir  ablative  singidar  in  i,  llie  nominative,  accusa- 
tive, and  vocative  ][)lural  neuter  in  ia,  and  the  geni- 
tive plural  in  iuui;  cclcr,  sioift,  has  celerum. 


tarn  .  .  .  quani,  so  .  .  .  as  maxTmfls,  -ft,  -um,  greatest 

recortlatlo,  -oiiTs,  remembrance    contrarius,  -a,  -um,  contrary 
praeteritus,  -si,  -fliii,  past  cervus,  -i,  a  stag,  deer 

Tigiieus,  -5,  -fun,  of  wood  caiuia,  -ae,  a  tail 

avis  i)aliistris  (-  -),  a  bird  of  a  swamj^,  wader. 
dulcTs,  sweet  (to  the  taste);  suavis,  siceet  (to  the  senses  in  general) 
Pavonis  vox  non  est  suavis.  Vita  brcvis  est,  ars  lon^ra. 
JiistitTa  iiuitor  oinnTiim  virtutum  est.  Nihil  morti  tani  simile 
est,  quam  somnus.  Aestate  iioctes  sunt  brevos.  Suavis  est 
recordatio  praeteritoruui  nuiloruin.  liatio  est  prima  omnium 
virium  animi.  TuC'ris  etlam  difficilis  labor  utTlis  est.  Senectus 
est  morbus  insanabilis.  In  septcntrionnli  AmorTcae  parte  lon- 
gae  hiemes  et  breves  aestates  sunt.  Pontes  lignei  fragnes  sunt. 
MaxTmum  anTmal  terrcstre  elephas  est.  Omnis  felicTtas  incerta 
est  et  instabilis.  Navi  fragili  omnes  venti  contrarii  sunt. 
Colics  sunt  parvi  et  huniTles  montes.    Cervus  est  ccler  ct  timt- 


M 


dus.  Columba  est  timida  et  ccleris.  Aves  palustrcs  habent 
longa  coll  a  et  breves  caudas.  Suaves  odores  florum  placent 
omnibus  hominibus.     Non  omnis  via  brevis  est  facTlis. 

36.  mYenior, -oris,  an  in veritor    tuguriiini, -i,  a  cottage 
personare,    to  sound,  ring    testis,  -,  a  wittiess 
through  benigmtas,  -atis,  kindness 

The  inventors  of  arts  are  famous.  Every  beginning  is 
ditheult.  Sleep  is  like  (to)  death.  Many  animals  are  use- 
ful to  men.  Cats  are  enemies  of  all  l)irds.  Ail  seas  have 
fish.  In  the  northern  part  of  America,  there  arc  many  useful 
animals.  Pure  air  is  beneficial  to  the  health  of  men.  All 
children  like  sweet  honey.  Horses  and  cows  are  domestic 
animals;  all  domestic  animals  are  useful.  God  is  the  father  of 
all  men.  The  sweet  voices  of  birds  ring  through  the  green 
forest.  A  low  cottage  is  sometimes  the  abode  of  happiness. 
All  parts  of  the  world  are  witnesses  of  God's  wisdom  and 
kindness.  Sweet  milk  is  pleasant  to  children.  Deer  and  hares 
are  swift  animals.  Iron  is  a  useful  and  necessary  metal.  All 
men  are  mortal.  In  winter  the  nights  are  long;  in  summer 
the  nights  are  short.    Brave  men  do  not  fear  dangers. 


S7. 


Adjectives  in  x  and  ns. 

felix,  hajjpy,  fortunate         prudens,  prudent^  sensible 

Singular. 


Nom. 

Gen. 

Dat 

Ace. 
Voc. 
Abl. 


Nom. 

Gen. 

Dat 

Ace. 

Voe. 

Abl. 


ft5'  lix 

1^  \V  CIS 

le  ll'  cT 

fe  11'  ceiii  neut  f^'  lix 

It^'  lix 

1(3  \V  ci  k  fe  \V  e« 

ft5  \V  ces  neut.  f^  ll'  ci  d* 

f^  11'  ci  lini 

1(5  W  ci  bus 

fS  W  ces  neut.  1^  li'  ci  H 

ft  \V  ces  neut.  ft  11'  ci  ^ 

ft  ir  ci  bus 


pru'  dens 

pru  den'  tis 

pru  den'  ti 

prCi  den'  teni  neut  pra'  dens 

pru'  dens 

pru  den'  ti  &  pru  den'  te 

Plural. 

pru  den'  tes  neut  pru  den'  ti  ^ 

pru  den'  ti  um 

pru  den'  ti  bus 

pru  den'  tes  neut  pru  den'  ti  3, 

pru  den'  tes  neut  pru  den'  ti  & 

prQ  den'  ti  bus 


—    66    -- 

1.  Adjectives  of  one  termination  have  the  same 
forms  in  all  genders,  except  that  in  the  accusative 
singular,  and  in  the  nominative,  accusative,  and  voc- 
ative l)iural,  the  neuter  is  distinguished  from  the 
masculine  and  feminine.  The  commonest  of  them 
are  those  in  x  and  in  s  with  i)receding  consonant. 
Tiiey  are  declined  like  substantives  of  the  Third 
Declension. 

2.  As  a  rule,  adjectives  of  one  termination  have 
either  i  or  c^  in'  the  abkitive,  but  to  tliis  there  ai-e 
many  exceptions.  The  neuter  of  the  nomhiative,  ac- 
cusative, and  vocative  pUa-al  ends  in  ia,  and  the 
genitive  in  ifiin. 


In  hke  manner  dechne: 

ferox,  -o€is,  fierce^  unconirol- 
hihle 

fallax,  -ficis,  fnUariouSj  treach- 
erous 

etrieax,  -ficis,  elficieiit 

atrox,  -ocis,  atrocious 

sapiens,  -tis,  2cise 
patens,  -tis,  open 
dllii^ens,  -tis,  diUgevt,  careful 
drimeus,  -tis,  mild 


mendax,  -acts,  lying 
irKjuax,  -iieis,  hquacious 
rai)ax,  -  iicis,  rapacious,  of  prey 
velox,  -ocis,  fleet 
siini)lcx,  -Ms,  simple 
duplex,  -Ms,  double 

vehemens,  -tis,  impetuous,  vi- 
olent, severe 
potens,  -tis,  migldy 
iugens,  -tis,  hwjc,  immense 


hostilis,  -?,  hostile 
inlnileus,  -a,  -um,  unfriendly 
niiseria,,  -ae,  misery 
aestimatio,  -oiiis,  an  estimate 
praeceptum,  -i,  a  precept,  rule 
proeUum,  -i,  a  battle 


post  (with  accus.),  after 
tcn-ibilis,  -e,  terrible 
si)ectaciiluiii,  -i,  a  sight 
campus,  -i,  afield 
nierees,  -edis,  icages 
turpis,  -e,  shameful 


dol5r,    oris,  pain;  dolor  dentium,  tooth-ache 


I 


—    67    ~- 

Tlie  adjective  is  often  used  as  a  noun,  the  noun  with  which  it 
agrees  being  understood,  as:  boni,  the  good;  or  to  be  supplied  men- 
tally, as:  bona,  good  things,  property.  When  so  used,  masculine 
adjectives  denote  persons,  neuter  ones  things. 

Scrmones  sapientTum  pueris  utilTa  sunt.  Malta  animalia 
ferocia  sunt  et  hominibus  hostilTa.  Yoluptas  fallax  est  ct  ini- 
mica  virtuti.  Felicibus  vera  miseriiirum  aestimatio  difficTlis 
est.  Longum  est  iter  per  pracccpta,  breve  ct  efficax  per  exem- 
pla.  Post  proelium  atrox  terribllc  speetaculum  crat  in  patenti 
campo.  Dominus  diligenti  famulo  duplTcem  mcrcedem  tribuit. 
Luxurta  omni  actfiti  turpis  est.  Judices  iion  semper  clemen- 
tes  sunt,  sed  semper  justi  et  probi  sunto.  Magna  est  auctori- 
tas  virorum  sapientTum  et  prudentTum.  Amicus  meus  aeger 
est  vehementi  dolore  dentium.  Homines  mendaces  saepe  sunt 
loquaces.  Sunt  non  solum  aves  rapaees,  sed  etiam  pisces 
rapaces. 


^8,  Alexander,  -ri,  Alexander 
docllis,  -e,  docile 
crederS,  to  believe 
tardus,  -&,  -iiin,  slow 


fit,  like 

vltarS,  to  shun,  avoid 
vuln^rare,  to  wound 
sagitta,  -ae,  an  arrow 


i 


Laws  arc  useful  to  the  citizens.   The  fox  is  a  beast  of  prey. 
Lions  are  fierce  and  strong  animals.  Birds  of  prey  have  sharp 
talons.     Alexander  was  a  great  and  mighty  king.     Kobody  is 
always  happy.     America  has  many  fierce  animals.     Young 
men  are  uncontrollable;  old  men  are  wise.     The  conversations 
of  wise  men  are  useful  to  docile  boys.     Nobody  believes  (to)  a 
lying  boy.     Lions  are  beasts  of  prey.     America  has  immense 
mountains.     Stags  are  fleet;  asses  are  slow.     The  life  of  farm- 
ers is  simple,  like  nature.     The  teacher's  precepts  are  useful 
to  a  diligent  boy.    A  sensible  man  shuns  the  talk  of  the  lo- 
quacious multitude.     The  happy  mother  loves  her  children. 
Elephants,  dogs,  and  horses  are  prudent  animals.  The  hunter 
wounds  the  fleet  stag  with  an  arrow. 


—     C8 


50,  Singular. 

Nom.  car'  men,  a  porm 

Gen.  car' ml  Ills,  of  a  poem 

Dat.  car'  ml  iil,  to  a  poem 

Ace.  car'  m^n,  a  poem 

Voc.  car' men,  0  poem 

Abl.  car'  mi  ne,  iclth  a  poem 


Plnral. 

car'  ml  n3.,  poems 

car'  ml  niiiii,  of  poems 

car  mi'  ni  biis,  to  poems 

car'  mi  n3,,  poems 

car'  mi  nil,  0  poems 

car  ml'  ni  biis,  leith  poems 


Omen,  -Tills,  an  omen 
fulmeu,  -iiiis,  a  thunder-bolt 
grfimeii,  -tins,  grass 
llumSii,  -iiiTs,  a  river 


1.  Nouns  ending  in  eii  form  their  genitive  bv 
changing  ^n  into  iiiis,  us:  carmen,  carmiiiis.  They 
are  neuter;  a  few,  liowever,  in  ^u  and  en,  not  having 
ni  before  these  endings,  are  niascuhne.     These  are: 

(r6n,  rCnis)  usmillypl.:  renes,     lien,  lieiiTs,  the  milt,  sjyieen 
rCniiiii,  the  kidnei/s  si)len,  splCnis,  the  miltj  spleen 

pectSu,  pcctliiTs,  a  comb 

Like  carmen  decUne: 

cacClmeii,  -iiiTs,  the  top 
t^gum^ii,  -Tills,  a  cover 
nOmCn,  -Tills,  a  name 
iQmgii,  -TiiTs,  liyht 

2.  Some  adjectives  of  one  termination,  although 
dechned,  in  general,  like  nouns  of  the  same  endings, 
undergo  various  modifications  in  the  formation  of  the 
genitive  and  of  sevei'id  other  cases,  ^fark  the  follow- 
ing: 

Nom.  Singular. 
dlv^s,  rich 
dCs^s,  indolent 
compos,  possessed  of 
v^tus,  old,  ancient 
d^g^nfr,  degenerate 
pauper,  3X>or 
flb^r,  fertile 
mfmor,  mindful 
par,  equal 
clcur,  tame 
vTgil,  watchful,  alert 
bipes,  ttoo-footed 


Gen.  Singular, 
divitis 
desidis 

Abl.  Singular, 
divite 
d^sTdg 

Gen.  Plilral. 

dTvltftin 

desidfiin 

com  pot  IS 
veterTs 

compotS 
vet erg 

compotfini 
veteriiiu 

dOi'enerTs 

dCgenerg 

degeneiTiiii 

paiiperTs 
fiberTs 

pauperC 
ub^ri 

paupeiTiiii 
tiberuiu 

memorTs 

m^mori 

memorfun 

paiis 
cIcurTs 
vTgilTs 
bipedTs 

pari 
cTcuri 
vTgili 
blpMfi 

parTum 

Cicurtim 

vlgilttm 

bipedttm 

—    69    — 

3.  Most  adjectives  of  one  termination  prefer  i  in 
the  ablative  singular.  A  few,  however,  have  only  6 
in  general  use,  as:  pauper,  jooor,  paupere,  and  those 
in  ^shicreasing  in  the  genitive,  as:  dives,  rich,  dlvM. 

4.  The  neuter  of  tlie  nominative,  accusative,  and 
vocative  plural  ends  in  ia;  only  vetus,  old,  has  Vetera. 

5.  The  genitive  plural  commonly  ends  in  iilm. 
But  those  which  have  only  e  in  the  ablative  singular, 
retain  the  termination  uni.     (See  list  al)ove.) 


gratfls,  -a,  -um,  thanlfal 
circa  (with  accus.),  near,  about 
frOquens,  -tls,  frequent 
intra  (with  accus.),  ivithin 
tutus,  -a,  -um,  safe 
Hispania,  -ae,  Spain 


Virgo,  -TuTs,  a  virgin,  maid 

tradere,  to  hand  down 

iners,  -tis,  shthful 

vacuus,  -a,  -um,  void  (oj) 

Ct,  even 

implumTs,  -c,   ivithout  feathers 


Cacumma  montmm  saepc  sunt  umbrosa.  AnTmus  gratiis 
bcneficioruni  mcmor  est.  Circa  fluinma  frcquentcs  nebulae 
sunt.  Testudo  intra  tegumen  tuta  est.  In  Hispania  multae 
virgines  argenteos  pectTncs  habcnt.  Ilistoria  tradit  nomlna 
celebrium  virdrum.  Nautac  amant  lumen  lunac.  FulniTna 
sunt  terribilia  et  cclerTa.  Incrti  viro  omnis  labor  difficTlis  est. 
Vita  pauperum  non  omni  voluptate  vacua  est.  Perlti  naiitae 
certa  omTna  habcnt  tempestatis  futurac.  Pares  la])r)r(\s  pos>tu- 
lant  parcm  mercedem.  FilTi  degcneres  non  sunt  nieniores  pa- 
rentum  sudrum.  lIomTncs  divTtcs  non  sunt  omnes  fellccs;  ho- 
mines pauperes  non  sunt  omnes  miseri.  Ilabet  ct  musca  sph^- 
nem.  Yeteres  Komani  fuerunt  fortes.  Homo  est  animal  im- 
plume,  bipes.  Pauperum  coenae  non  sunt  gratae  divitibus. 
Magna  flumina  portant  magnas  naves. 


f 


00.  s^pulcrum,  -T,  a  grave 
communTs,  -e,  common 
mendlctts,  -i,  a  beggar 


illuminare,  to  illumine 
obrutus,  -a,  -um,  covered 
expers,  -tis,  without  share 


_     70    — 

W-c  like  ol.l  ^\w,  but  ^^o  do  not  like  old  bread.  The  shep- 
hord-s  do<cs  are  watchful.  The  life  of  the  rich  has  many  pleas- 
ures, or  all  animals  without  feathers  n. an  alone  is  t^O;^ot«L 
In  the  grave  the  poor  (man)  is  e(i»al  to  the  rich.  Iherc  arc 
Sid  and  tame  ducks.  Death  is  common  to  the  r.ch  and  th 
poor  the  vouM-  an.l  the  old,  to  kings  and  beggars,  loui 
Etc  has-a  be;utiful  con.b  in  her  hair.  The  names  o  the 
ica  rivers  of  America  arc  known  to  all  d.hgen  scholars 
The  -iris  arc  reading  poems.  The  shining  sun  dlummcs  all 
in;.)  with  its  light.  In  winter  the  tops  of  the  lulls  are 
coven-d  with  sm.w.  The  n.oon  and  the  stars  are  the  lights 
of  the  ni-ht.  Animals  are  without  .share  of  reason  and  speech. 
Bovs  bc'n.indful  of  your  duties.  A  good  beginning  is  always 
a  good  omen. 


01.  Singular. 

Norn,  cor'  pus,  a  body 
Gen.    cor'  i)6ris,  of  a  body 
Dat.     cor'  pon,  to  a  body 
Ace.     cor'  pus,  a  body 
Voc.    cor'  pus,  0  body 
Abl.     cor'  pore,  with  a  body 

Norn.  6'  pus,  a  icork 

Gen.  6'  pc  ris,  of  a  work 

Dat.  o'  pc  ri,  to  a  work 

Ace.  o'  pus,  a  work 

Voc.  o'  pus,  0  work 

Abl  u'  pc  re,  ic'dh  a  work 

Norn,  jus,  rhjht,  law 
Gen.    jTi'  ris,   of  rifjht 
Dat.    ju'  ri,  to  rUjht 
Ace.    jus,  rUjht 
Voc.    jus,  0  right 
Abl.     ju'  re,  icith  right 


Plural. 

cor'  pn  rS,,  bodies 

cor'  pu  rum,  of  bodies 

cor  1)0'  ri  bus,  to  bodies 

cor'  po  ra,  bodies 

cor'  po  rS,,  0  bodies 

cor  po'  ri  bus,  with  bodies 

6'  IK'  ra,  works 

o'  pe  rum,  ofwo7'ks 

u  pe'  ri  bus,  to  works 

o'  po  ra,  works 

o'  pc  ra,  0  irorks 

u  pc'  ri  bus,  icith  ivorks 

ju'  ra,  rig  Ids 

jn'  Him,  of  rights 

ju'  ri  bus,  to  rights 

ju'  ra,  rights 

ju'  ra,  0  rights 

ja'  ri  bus,  with  rights 


Nouns  of  two  or  more  syllables,  ending  in  us, 
change  us  either  into  oris  or  eris,  to  form  the  genitive, 
as:  corpus,  corporis;  opus,  operis.  All  monosyllables 


—    71    ^ 


'J 


which  have  a  long  u,  form  their  genitive  in  uris,  as: 
jus,  juris.     They  are  all  neuter.     Examples  are: 


frigus,  -5ris,  cold 
tempiis,  -dris,  a  time 
Iltiis,  -oris,  a  shore 
deeiis,  -oris,  an  ornament 
noiniis,  -oris,  a  grove 


munQs,  -(^ris,  an  office^  gift 
geniis,  -eris,-«  kind^  race 
oniis,  -Sris,  a  burden,  load 
sidiis,  -eris,  a  star,  consteUa- 


sceltis,  -gris,  a  crime        [tion 
pectus,  -dris,  the  breast,  heart    crus,  -iiris,  the  leg 
vulnus,  -eris,  a  wound  rus,  -uris,  the  country 


gravis,  -6,  heav7j,  hard 
iinmortalis,  -e,  immortal 
fcsstis,  -a,  -Qm,  weary  (of) 
pul)licus,  -a,  -iim,  jniblic 
seutire,  to  feel 


dr-lerS,  to  destroy 
tenuis,  -e,  slender,  thin 
(le  (witli  ablat.),  of 
tauriis,  -i,  a  bull,  ox 
aratdr,  -oris,  a  plowman 


OnumerarS,  to  reckon  up 

ConscientTa  mala  grave  onus  est.  Corpus  hominis  mortale, 
animus  immortalis  est.  Omnis  homo  habct  sua  jura.  Itiiiere 
et  frigore  et  vulneribus  fessus  erat  miles.  Munus  pu})licum 
patri  mco  est  magnum  onus.  Multa  genera  ludorum  non  sunt 
aptajuventuti.  Hirundines  veris  tempore  videmus.  Pauper- 
tas  multis  hominibus  magnum  onus  est.  Non  sentiunt  viri  for- 
tes in  proelTo  vulnera.  Tempus  delet  omnia  opera  homlnum. 
Vulnera  sunt  fortium  militum  decora.  Multa  genera  arborum 
frugifera  sunt.  Crura  celerum  animalmm  tenuTa  sunt.  Vita 
et  mors  jura  sunt  naturae.  Nauta  de  ventis,  de  tauris  narrat 
arator;  enumerat  miles  vulnera,  pastor  oves.  Sidera  sunt 
opera  Dei.  Homo  improbus  timet  poenam  scelerum  suorum. 
Tempus  sencctutis  hiemi  similis  est.  Hieme  amamus  urbem, 
aestatc  amoenum  rus.     0  tempora,  o  mores  I 

62. 

m^moria,  -ae,  memory  omnipotens,  -tis,  almighty 

mens,  -tis,  the  mind  in  pectorg  ejus,  in  his  breast 

sanGs,  -a,  -iim,  sound,  healthy  scriptGs,  -a,  -lim,  written 

bracchium,  -i,  the  arm  ilbi .  .  ibi,  where  .  .  .  there 

arenosiis,  -a,  -dm,  sandy  camelGs,  -i,  a  camel 


"TO        

In  summer  groves  arc  shady  and  delightful.  The  stag  has 
slender  legs.  Memory  is  a  divine  gift.  A  sound  mind  in  a 
sound  body  is  a  great  benefit.  The  time  of  our  life  is  short. 
Modesty  is  the  greatest  ornament  of  youth.  Brave  soldiers 
do  not  fear  wounds  and  death.  The  feet  and  arms  are  parts  of 
the  human  body.  No  kind  of  worms  has  bones.  In  the  sea 
there  are  many  kinds  of  tlsh.  Poverty  is  often  a  benefit,  not 
a  burden.  The  shores  of  many  seas  arc  sandy.  Heaven, 
earth,  and  all  the  stars  are  works  of  Almighty  God.  Mod- 
erate cold  does  no  harm  to  a  sound  body.  The  wounds  of 
my  brother  are  dangerous.  Kven  in  calamity,  the  breast  of  a 
good  man  is  firm.  The  law  of  man  is  written  in  his  breast. 
Times  change  the  customs  of  men.  Where  the  law  is  uncer- 
tain, tliere  is  no  law.  The  camel  carries  great  burdens.  There 
are  many  kinds  of  tame  animals. 


6Vy.  Singular. 

Nom.  gut'  tur,  the  tJrroat 

Gen.  gut'turis,  of  the  throat 

Dat.  gut'  tu  li,  to  the  throat 

Ace.  gut'  tur,  the  thntal 

Voc.  gut' tur,  0  throat 

Abl.  gul'  tu  re,   iriUi  the  throat 

Plural. 
Nom.  gut'  til  la,  the  throats 
Gen.   gut'  tu  rum,  (fllie  throats 

gut  tu'  ri  bus,  to  the  throats 

gut'  tu  rii,  the  throats 

gut'  tu  rti,  0  throats 


Dat. 
Ace. 
Voc. 
Abl. 


rO'  bur,  an  oal'j  strength 

rO'  bu  ris,  of  an  oak 

rO'  bo  ri,  to  an  oak 

rO'  bur,  an  (tak 

rO'  bur,  0  oak 

rO'  bo  re,  with  an  oak 


rO'  bo  ra,  oaks 
rO'  bo  rum,  of  oaks 
rO  bo'  ri  bus,  to  oaks 
rO'  bo  ra,  oaks 
rO'  l)o  ra,  0  oaks 


gut  trr  ri  bus,  with  the  throats    ro  bo'  ri  biis,  vith  oaks 


Kouns  ending  in  fir  form  their  genitive  either 
by  adding  is  to  the  nominative,  or  changing  ur  into 
oris.     Such  are: 


fulgur,  -IS,  lightning 
suli)liur,  -is,  sulphur 
murmur,  -is,  a  murmur 


ebiir,  -dris,  ivory 
j{^cur,  -dris   (j6cm6ris),   the 
liver 


—     73     - 


I  ' 


I 


They    are    all   neuter:    the    following,    however, 
which  form  their  genitive  like  fulgur,  are  masculine: 


tuitur,  -is,  a  turtle-clove 
vultilr,  -is,  a  vulture 


furfur,  -is,  bran 
fTir,  -is,  a  thief 


For  the  neuters  in  or  and  ^r,   which  are  declined 
in  similar  manner,  see  33  &  37,  2. 

Mark  the  followhig   neuters   of  peculiar    ending 
and  inflection: 


alec,  alCcis,  pickle 
lac,  lactis,  milk 


aes,  aeris,  hrass^  copper 
caput,  capitis,  the  head 


ctTebrum, -i,  the  brain  gignerS,  to  bring  forth 

c5rusciis,-a,-fim, /a,s7iin(7;ful-  sonus, -i,  a  sound 

gura  corusca  (-iim  -orum),  rivils,  -i,  a  brook 

flashes  of  lightning  sententta,  -ae,  an  opinion 

avolare,  to  fly  away  alSrg,  to  feed 

suppeditare,  to  furnish  latrO,  -onis,  a  robber 

The  dative  is  used  with  esse,  to  be,  to  express  the  possessor  of 
something,  as:  est  puero  liber,  (a  book  is  to  the  boy)  the  boy  has 
a  book. 

Omnes  quadrupedes  habent  in  ore  dentcs.  Nubes  sunt 
causae  pluviae,  nivis,  grandinis  et  fulguris.  Magnum  leoni 
robur  est.  Sedes  animi  neque  in  corde,  neque  in  cerebro  est. 
Fulgura  corusca  oculis  hominum  saepe  noxia  sunt.  Vul- 
tures rapaces  avolant.  Albi  elephantorum  dentes  pretiosum 
ebur  suppeditant.  Guttura  avium  gignunt  sonos  jucundos. 
Pulmones  sani,  sanum  cor,  sanum  jecur  sunt  fundamentum 
valetudTnis.  Vultures  lacerant  cadavera  hominum  et  bestia- 
rum.  Timidi  turtures  domicilia  sua  in  silvis  habent.  Jucun- 
dum  est  murmur  rivorum.  Lac  est  cibus  infantium.  Vetus 
proverbium  est:  multa  capita,  multae  sententiae.  Bracchia, 
pedes,  et  caput  sunt  partes  necessariae  corporis  humani. 
Agricolae  alunt  furfure  sues.  Vigilantia  canum  saepe  terror 
furum  et  latronum  est.  Conclavia  Romanorum  ornata  erant 
auro  et  ebore. 


—    U    — 


04,  sitQs,  -3,,  -Gm,  placed 

cOpia,  -ae,  abundance;  mag- 
na cop  la,  a  great  deal 
mittgrS,  to  send 
purgarS,  to  pur  iff/ 


dev5rarg,  ^o  devour 
quia,  because 
tribunal,  -alls,  a  tribunal 
lugubrTs,  -6,  plaintive 
tacitus,  -a,  -iliii,  6't7e??^ 


The  beasts  of  the  forests  fear  the  lion's  strength.  The 
lungs  are  placed  near  the  heart  and  the  liver.  Vultures  and 
eagles  are  birds  of  prey.  Farmers  have  a  great  deal  of  milk 
and  honey.  In  summer  sweet  milk  is  pleasant  to  children. 
The  aya?,,  ears,  and  mouth  are  parts  of  the  head.  India 
sends  ivory.  Lightnings  purify  the  air.  Elephants  have 
large  heads,  broad  feet,  and  little  eyes.  The  time  of  youth 
is  like  (to)  spring.  Lions  do  not  devour  the  dead  bodies 
of  beasts  and  men.  Nobody  loves  his  country,  because  it  is 
great,  but  because  it  is  his.  The  tribunal  of  an  upright 
judge  is  the  terror  of  robbers  and  thieves.  Babes  drink 
milk.  The  plaintive  voice  of  the  turtle-dove  announces  the 
spring.  Old  age  comes  with  silent  foot.  The  cunning  of 
thieves  is  otten  great. 


65, 

Nom. 

Gen. 

Dat. 

Ace. 

Voc. 

Abl. 


Singular. 

po  6'  ma,  a  poem 

p6  e'  ma  tis,  of  a  poem 

p6  e'  ma  li,  to  a  poem 

p6  e'  ma,  a  jioem 

po  C  ma,  0  poem 

pu  e'  ma  te,  with  a  poem 


Plural 

po  C  ma  ta,  poems 

po  6'  ma  tiiiii,  of  poems 

po  e  ma'  ti  bus,  to  poems 

po  6'  ma  ta,  poems 

po  6'  ma  ta,  0  poems 

p5  C  ma'  ti  biis,  with  poems 


Most  Greek  nouns  of  the  Third  Declension  are 
entirely  regular;  a  few,  however,  retain  certain  pe- 
culiarities of  the  Greek. 

1.  Neuters  in  m^  change  a  into  atis,  to  form  the 
genitive,  as:  poema,  poematis.  In  the  dative  and 
ablative  plural,  they  have  commonly  is  instead  of 


iO 


ibus,thus:  poemStis  (instead  of  poematibus).  Decline 
in  the  same  way: 

ar5ma,  -tis,  a  spice  aenigma,  -tis,  a  riddle,  an  enigma 

2.  Greek  words  in  is  have  the  accusative  in  iiu 
and  the  ablative  in  i,  as:  basis,  a  basis,  brisim,  busi. 

3.  The  Greek  accusative  of  the  Third  Declension  in 
a,  is  very  often  used  instead  of  the  Latin  accusative 
in  ^m,  as:  aer^l  from  aer,  the  air]  aethera  from 
aether,  the  (upper)  air, 

4.  The  feminines  in  o  have  usually  the  Greek 
genitive  in  us,  thus:  echo,  an  echo,  echus,  of  an  echo. 

Imperative  (First  Conjugation). 
a'  ma,  love  thou  a  ma'  te,  love  ye 

a  ma'  to,  thou  shall  love  a  ma  to'  te,  ye  shall  love 

a  ma'  to,  he  shall  love  a  man'  to,  they  shall  love 

The  Imperative  Active  of  almost  all  Latin  verbs  is 
found  by  dropping  re  of  the  Present  Lifinitive;  thus: 

Infinitive.  Imperative.  Infinitive.  Imperative, 

amarg,  to  love       ama,  love  thou      legere,  to  read    legg,  read  thou 
hkher^j  to  have      hkhej  have  thou    audire,  to  hear    auOi,  hear  thou 


sederS,  to  sit 

coquiis,  -1,  a  (male)  cook 

condire,  to  season 

festlnare,  to  hasten 

lente,  slowly 

orl)Ts  terrarum,  the  whole  earth 

Oraciiluiii,  -1,  an  oracle 

fundameiitum,  -i. 


caro  bourn,  beef 
emere,  to  buy 
constantia,  -ae,  constancy 
Crudltus,  -a,  -um,  educated 
poesis,  -,  poetry 
immensiis,  -a,  -uin,  immeas- 
urable 
the  foundation 


Aenigmata  pueris  grata  sunt.  Patria  mca  est  mundus. 
Coqui  cibos  sale,  pipere  et  simillbus  aromatis  condiunt.  Cor- 
pus quasi  vas  est  animi.  Festina  lente !  Roma,  Italiae  urbs 
potens,  caput  orbis  terrarum  fuit.  Oracula  obscuris  acnigmatis 


—     76     — 

similTa  erant.  Tirtutem  ama,  vitTa  vital  Caro  bourn  est  cibus 
paiipenim  ct  divTtuni.  Mercatores  vasa  et  supellectTlem  ven- 
dunt,  cbur  et  aos  eiiiunt.  Fundamcntum  virtatum  constantia 
est.  Onirics  honilnes  enidlti  ainant  poOsim.  Breve  et  mole- 
stum  est  iter  per  vitam  cadricam.  Immensasunt  itinera  siderum 
per  altuni  aethera.  In  multis  poematis  laudem  magnorum  vi- 
rorum  leglnius. 


(SO.  tniiious,  ^i,  n  trunk  diu,  for  a  long  time,  long 

ruiiius,  -T,  (I  branch  orilre,  to  pt^nj 

actus,  -jI,  -uin,  finished  aspcra,  -oruiii,  difficulties 

m\m- mus, -a, -uni,  supreme  astruiii,  -i,  a  star ^ 

emindere,  f<>  pour  forth  synihnlum, -i,  a  s^ijmbol 

fellcitas,  -iltis,  prosperity  saxuni,  -i,  a  rock 

tuk'riire,  to  endure  ln^nOrare,  to  honor 

A  fine  riddle  is  often  ob?cure.  Not  all  spices  have  an 
agreeable  smell.  Trees  have  a  trunk  and  bark,  roots,  branches, 
foliage,  blossoms.  Finished  lal)ors  are  pleasant.  The  welfare 
of  the  people  is  the  supreme  law.  Autumn  pours  forth  fruits. 
Prosperity  has  many  friends.  Children  shall  love  their  par- 
ents. Camels  endure  thirst  for  a  long  time.  Birds  like  the 
air,  fish  the  water.  To  love  (one's)  parents,  is  nature's  su- 
preme law.  I»ray  and  work!  Through  dimcidties  to  the 
stars!  Rich  qx-ople)  have  a  great  deal  of  furniture.  Ye  shall 
love  your  father  and  mother!  Turtle-doves  are  a  symbol  of 
love  and  friendship.  The  earth  has  mountains  with  forests 
and  herbs,  rocks  and  metals  ;  valleys  with  meadows,  flowers, 
and  grasses  ;  seas,  rivers,  and  brooks,  beasts  and  men.  Honor 
thy  father  and  thy  mother ! 


07,  Singular. 

Norn,  fnic'  tus,  fruit 

Gen.  f nie '  t us,  offru  it 

Dat.  true' tuT,  to  fruit 

Ace.  fruc'  tuiii,  fruit 

Voc.  true'  tus,  0 fruit 

Abl.  fruc' tu,  with  fruit 


Plural, 
fruc'  tiis,  fruits 
fruc'  tu  uni,  of  fruits 
fruc' ti  bus,  to  fruits 
fruc'  tiis,  fruits 
fruc'  tus,  0  fruits 
fruc'  ti  bus,  with  fruits 


—     77     — 


Singular. 

Nom  cor'  nii,  a  horn 

Gen  cor'  nils,  of  a  horn 

Dat.  cor'  nu  (ui),  to  a  horn 

Ace  cor'  nu,  a  horn 

Voc  cor'  nii,  0  horn 

Abl  cor'  nil,  with  a  horn 


Plural, 
cor'  nii  a,  horns 
cor' nil  liin,  of  horns 
cor'  ni  biis,  to  horns 
cor'  nii  3,,  horns 
cor'  nu  a,  0  horns 
cor'  ni  biis,  with  horns 


1.  Latin  nouns  whose  genitive  ends  in  us,  are  of 
the  Fourth  Declension.  The  nominative  of  mascuUne 
and  feminine  nouns  ends  in  us,  as:  fructus, /rz^^Y;  and 
of  neuters  in  u,  as:  cornu,  a  horn.  The  following 
may  be  used  as  exercises: 


sensiis,  -iis,  sense 
visiis,  -us,  sight 
audltiis,  -iis,  hearing 
gustiis,  -iis,  taste 
tactiis,  -iis,  touch 
ol  fact  iis,  -iis,  smell 
mOtus,  -iis,  motion,  emotion 
flucttis,  -iis,  flood,  wave 


cant  iis,  -iis,  singing,  a  song 
obit  iis,  -iis,  death 
aquaeductiis,  -iis,  an  aqueduct 
nutiis,  -iis,  a  nod 
magistrattis,  -iis,  a  magistrate 
adventiis,  -iis,  a  coming,  an  ar- 
g^lii,  -iis,  (icy)  cold         [rival 
g^uu,  -iis,  the  knee 


2.  Some  words  form   their   dative   and   ablative 
plural  in  ubus  instead  of  ibus;  these  are: 

acus,  aciibiis,  a  needle  artfis,  artiibiis,  a  joint 

areas,  arcubiis,  a  bow  partus,  partiibiis,  birth 

lacus,  laciibiis,  a  lake  portus,  portiibiis,  an  harbor 

I)ecu,  peciibtis,  cattle  tribus,  trlbiibiis,  a  tribe 

quercus,  querciibiis,  an  oak         v6rQ,  vembtis,  a  spit 

speeds,  spgcubiis,  a  den 

3.  domus,  a  house,  is  declined  thus: 


Nom. 
Gen. 

Dat. 
Ace. 
Voc. 
Abl. 


Singular.  Plural 

d6'  miis,  a  house  do'  miis,  houses 

do'  mus,  of  a  house  do'  mil  iim,    )     -, 

1.,     -    '    ,  r,  1.     _,    ^  '    }  of  houses 

do'  nil,  at  home        [house  do  mo'  rum,  j 

do'  mu  i  &   do'  mo,    to   a  do'  mi  biis,  to  houses 

do'  miim,  a  house,  home  do'  miis  &  do'  mos,  houses 

do'  miis,  0  house       [home  do'  miis,  0  houses 

d5'  mo,  with  a  house,  from  do'  mi  btls,  with  houses 


—    78    — 

4.  Most  nouns  of  the  Fourth  Declension  in  us 
are  masculine.     The  following  are  feminine: 


aciis,  -us,  a  needle 

domus,  -lis,  a  house 

Idus,  -uum  (plur.),  the  Ides 


manus,  -us,  the  hand 
porticfls,  -us,  a  gallery 
tribus,  -us,  a  tribe 


The  few  words  in  u  are  all  neuter. 


Imperative  (Second  Conjugation). 

ha'  be,  have  thou  ha  be'  t€,  have  ye 

ha  be'  to,  thou  shalt  have  ha  be  to'  t€,  ye  shall  have 

ha  be'  to,  he  shall  have  ha  ben'  to,  they  shall  have 


caelestTs,  -5,  heavenly;   arc  us 
caelestis,  the  rainbow 

rostruui,  -T,  a  beak 

perniciOsus,  -Si,  -Qm,   perni- 
cious, destructive 

adhfic,  as  yety  up  to  this  day 

exercerS,  to  exercisCy  practice 

ferC',  almost 


cotldiG,  daily 

b6n6  moratiis,  -a,  -ihn,  well- 
bred 
lavarfi,  to  wash 
in  (with  ablat.),  upon 
nastSs,  -1,  the  nose 
rarO,  seldom 
homines  pauperes,  poorj^eople 


Omne  animal  sensus  habet.  Cervus  acrem  visum  habet. 
Areas  caelestis  varTos  colores  habet.  America  multos  portus 
habet.  Pauperum  hominum  domus  humiles  et  exiguae  sunt. 
Arma  bestiarum  sunt  cornua,  dentes,  ungues,  rostra.  Vehe- 
mentes  animi  motus  maris  fluctlbus  sunt  similes.  Gelu  ovibus 
perniciosum  est.  Alaudae  cantus  gratus  est  agricolis.  Ante 
obitum  nemo  felix  erit.  Aquaeductuum  Romanorum  rulnae 
adhuc  in  Italia  sunt.  Exercete  cotidie  memoriam  I  Nemo  fere 
scribit  manu  sinistra.  In  silvis  altas  quercus  videmus.  Li- 
beri  bene  morati  nutui  parentum  obtemperant.  Lavate  manus 
vestrasi  Rhinoceros  cornu  habet  in  naso.  Manus  manum 
lavat.  In  domibus  divitum  Romanorum  splendidae  porticua 
erant.    Ego  semper  fere  domi  sum,  tu  raro. 


—    79    — 

68.  T6n6tTae, -arGm,   Venice  magnetictts, -3,, -iim,  ma^neiic 

Eboraciim  Noviim  (-1  -i),  New  spectarg,  to  look 

York  ad  (with  accus.),  toward 

custos,-odTs,  a  guardian  septentriOnes,  -tim  (plur.),  (the 

formldare,  to  dread  seven   stars   near  the  north 

Indifls,  -T,  an  Indian  pole)  the  north 

litc^rae,  -artim,  learning  quinque,  five 

Many  nonns  want  the  singular,  especially  many  names  of  towns; 
in  other  nouns,  the  meaning  of  the  plural  is  different  from  that  of 
the  singular. 

Venice  and  New  York  have  beautiful  harbors.  The  mag- 
istrates are  the  guardians  of  the  laws.  Lions  do  not  dread 
the  horns  of  bulls.  In  the  northern  parts  of  America,  there 
are  many  great  lakes.  Eagles  have  a  keen  sight.  In  lakes  and 
rivers,  there  are  many  kinds  of  lish.  Our  hands  are  adapted 
to  various  labors.  Wild  beasts  often  have  their  abodes  in 
caves.  The  Indian  gives  (to)  his  son  a  bow  and  arrow.  The 
roots  of  learning  are  bitter,  the  fruits  sweet.  The  father's 
coming  delights  the  children.  The  colors  of  the  rainbow  are 
beautiful.  The  magnetic  needle  always  looks  toward  the 
north.  Frogs  live  in  swamps  and  lakes.  Man  has  five 
senses  :  sight,  hearing,  taste,  touch,  and  smell.  Boys,  your 
hands  are  dirty  ;  why  do  you  not  wash  your  hands  ? 


69. 

Singular. 

Norn 

.  dr  es,  a  day 

res,  a  thing 

Gen. 

dr  e'i,  of  a  day 

rS' 1,  of  a  thing 

Dat. 

di  e'  i,  to  a  day 

r6'  T,  to  a  thing 

Ace. 

di'  em,  a  day 

rSiii,  a  thing 

Voc. 

dr  es,  0  day 

res,  0  thing 

Abl. 

di'  e,  with  a  day 

re,  with  a  thing 
PlnraL 

Norn. 

di'  es,  days 

res,  things 

Gen 

dl  e' riini,  of  days 

re'  rum,  of  things 

Dat 

dl  e'  bus,  to  days 

re'  biis,  to  things 

Ace. 

dr  es,  days 

res,  things 

Voc. 

dr  es,  0  days 

res,  0  things 

Abl. 

di  c'  bCis,  with  days 

re' bus,  with  things 

—     80     — 

1.  Xouns  which  have  ei  or  ^i  in  the  genitive  from 
es  in  the  nominative,  are  of  the  Fifth  Declension.  They 
are  all  feminine,  with  the  exception  of  dies,  a  day, 
which  is  masculine  and  feminine  in  the  singular,  but 
masculine  only  in  the  plural.  The  compound  meri- 
dles,  midday,  noon,  is  masculine  only,  but  does  not 
occur  in  the  plural.     Examples  are: 

fades,  -ei,  the  face  [arje  series,  -ei,  a  .series 

efflu^Ies,  -  el,  a  Ukenens^  an  im-  superfTcTes,  -ei,  a  surface 

8pes,^-^T,  hope  Hdes,  -^i,  faith 

glades,  -ei,  ice  [ance  progenies,  -ei,  offspring 

species,  -ei,  a  shape,   appear-  res,  -gi,  a  thing,  affair,  event 

2.  Of  all  the  nouns  of  the  Fifth  Declension  only 
two  are  complete  in  the  plural,  viz.:  dies  and  res. 

3.  The  e  of  the  genitive  and  dative  ending  ei  is 
long,  when  preceded  by  a  vowel:  as:  di-e-i,  and  short, 
when  preceded  by  a  consonant,  as:  fi-d6-i. 


fliixus,  -a,  -fim,  fleeting 
prlmariris,    tt,  -fun,  primarij 
iiltimils,  -a,  -uni,  last 
res  adversae  (plur.),  adversity 
solatium,  -i,  consolation 


usfis,  -iis,  7fse,  usage 
baculiim,  -T,  a  stick,  staff 
tract  us,  -a,  -um,  broken 
longitudo,  -inis,  length 
oi*tiis,  -lis,  rising 


accuratiis,  -a,  -uiu,  accurate 

Res  humanae  sunt  fluxae  et  fragOes.  Frons,  ocilli,  nasus, 
OS  sunt  primariae  partes  faciei  humanae.  Hicms  nive  tegit 
campos  et  tlumina  glacTe.  Spes  est  ultimum  adversarum  re- 
rum  solatium.  Usus  est  optimus  rerum  humanarum  magister. 
Solis  etiigiem  in  fontibus  et  lacubus  videmus.  Fratribus  inter- 
dum  mira  est  similitQdo  facierum.  Baculum  integrum  in  aqua 
fracti  speciem  habet.  Longitude  dierum  et  noctium  diversa 
est  aestate  et  hieme.     Dies  sunt  partes  annOrum  et  mensium, 


—    81     — 

horae  sunt  partes  dierum.  Ortus  solis  est  initium  diei.  hu- 
merus dierum  vitae  humanae  saepc  exiguus  est.  In  omnibus 
rebus  ordo  accuratus  esto. 


70.  in  (with  ablat.),  on         [day  illustris,  -^,  remarkable 

dies  fcstus  (-ei  -i),  a  holi-  vultfis,  -us,  the  countenance 

f'veiitus,  -us,  a  result  vocarg,  to  call 

stultus^-T,  a  fool  Socrates,  -Is,  Socrates 

narratiO,  -onis,  a  narrative  hilaris,  -6,  cheerful 

The  beginnings  of  all  things  are  small.  On  the  surface  of 
the  earth  there  are  mountains,  valleys,  seas,  lakes,  rivers, 
brooks.  Time  is  a  precious  thing  ;  time  is  money.  An  hour- 
is  a  part  of  a  day,  and  a  day  is  a  part  of  a  month.  The  face 
is  a  part  of  the  head.  In  summer,  the  days  are  long,  and  the 
nights  are  short.  Our  hopes  are  uncertain  and  treacherous. 
Wisdom  is  the  mother  of  all  good  things.  Boys  like  holidays. 
The  result  is  the  teacher  of  fools.  Faith  is  the  sister  of  jus- 
tice. God  is  the  author  of  all  things.  History  is  a  narrative 
of  remarkable  events.  Lions  dread  the  face  and  countenance 
of  men.  Parents  love  their  offspring.  The  last  hour  of  the 
day  calls  the  weary  men  to  rest.  The  mind  of  Socrates  was 
even  on  (his)  last  day  of  life  cheerful  and  calm.  Good  order 
is  the  foundation  of  all  good  things. 


4  1. 

Singular. 

m. 

/. 

77. 

Nom. 

so'  Itis 

so'ia 

SO'  liim, 

Gen. 

so  ll'  us 

so  ll'  Gs 

bO  li'  us 

Dat. 

so'  IT 

so'li 

so'  ll 

Ace. 

so'  him 

so'  lam 

SO'  liim 

Voc. 

so'le 

so'ia 

SO'  liim 

Abl. 

so'  lo 

SO' la 

sO'lo 

alone 


I 


The  plural  is  regular  like  that  of  bonus. 

These   nine    adjecUves  of  the  First  and  Second 
Declensions  form  their  genitive  singular  in  ius,  and 


—    82    — 

their  dative  in  i;   moreover,  uter  and  neuter   drop 
the  6  before  the  r: 

Nominative.  Genitive, 

alias,  -a,  -ud,  another  iiijQs} 
nuHus,  -a,  -um,  ?jc>,  not  any,  no  one     nullius 

S(3lus,  -a,  -iini,  alone  sOlius 

totus,  -a,  -Oin,  ichole  totius 

ullus,  -a,  -um,  «7?2/  uJJius 

anus,  -a,  -rtni,  o/?g  unius 

alter,  -a,  -uni,  the  other  (of  two)  alterius 

ut€r,  -ra,  -rum,  ivhivh  (of  two)  utrius 

neuter,  -ra,  -rum,  neither  ncutiiOs 

rilTus  has  rilTucl  iu  the  neuter;  and  in  the  genitive 
alius  (contracted  for  rili-ius),  but  the  dative  is  rdii. 

alius  is^  often  repeated,   alius  .  .  .  alius,  one  .  .  . 
(inother;  alu  .  .  .  niiT,  soyne  .  .  .  others,  as:  alTud  dlcTt 
alTud  facit,  he  says  one  th'ng,  he  does  another;  alter  is 
repeated  where  only  two  things  are  referred  to,  as: 
alter  legTt,  alter  ludit,  the  one  reads,  the  other  plays. 


Dative, 
alii 
iiulli 
soil 
toti 
iilil 
iiiii 
altrTi 
utrl 
neutii 


Imperative  (Third  Conjugation). 
16'  Q^,read  thou  \^>  ^i  t6,  read,  ye 

16  gi  to,  he  shall  read  le  gun'  to,  they  shall  read 


oppon€r6,  to  oppose 
defender^,  to  defend 
fortiter,  bravely 
servTr€,  to  be  a  servant,  slave 
perndus,  -a,  -Gm,  perfidious 
vix,  hardly 


fld^m  haberg,  to  (have)  trust 
angulQs,  -i,  a  corner 
natus,  -a,  -um,  born 
divltlae,  -arum,  riches    [than 
nihil  allud  quam,  nothing  else 
comltas,  -atis,  courtesy 


Multi  hommes  vitTa  aliorum  vident,  sua  non  vidcnt.  Canis 
fidus  pare  soil  domino  siio.  Rebus  adversis  opponite  vii-tQ- 
tern  I  Julius  homlnis  vita  per  omne  tempus  curis  libera  est. 
Conjuges  et  liberos  fortiter  defendite,  cives  1  Alii  gloriae  ser- 
viunt,  alu  pecuniae,     ^^ulla  societal  est  fellurn  et  murium. 


—    83    — 

Perfidus  homo  vix  ulli  fidem  habet.  Virtus  sola  est  fons  vitae 
beatac.  Pater  mens  est  mcrcator;  mercatori  nullum  aliud 
negotium,  nulla  alia  vita  placet.  Non  sum  uni  angulo  natus; 
patria  mca  totus  mundus  est.  Cives  obtemperanto  legibus. 
Nullius  hominis  divitiae  certae  sunt.  Amicitia  multorum  ho- 
minum  nihil  aliud  est  quam  comitas.  Nullum  animal  est  pars 
altcrlus  animalis. 


2*  numquam,  never 
nOblscum,  with  us 
nobis,  to  us 

speculum,  -T,  a  mirror 
sine  (with  the  ablat.),  without 
hodie,  to-day 


c616brar6,  to  celebrate 
ab  omnl  parte,  in  every  respect 
tantum,  only  (to  be  placed  after 
the  word  to  which  it  belongs) 
siimere,  to  take 
in  (with  accus.),  into 


We  are  never  alone,  God  is  always  with  us.  The  examples 
of  others  shall  be  to  us  like  mirrors.  There  is  no  safety  with- 
out virtue.  My  brother  is  a  soldier,  he  likes  no  other  life,  no 
other  occupation.  Love  virtue,  despise  pleasure,  my  friend  I 
To-day  the  whole  city  is  celebrating  the  birthday  of  the 
father  of  our  country.  To  the  wise  (man)  alone  the  true 
power  of  virtue  is  known.  The  life  of  no  man  is  blessed  in 
every  respect.  Many  things  are  troublesome  to  the  one  and 
pleasant  to  the  other.  Some  fruits  are  sweet,  but  injurious; 
others  are  bitter,  but  beneficial  to  health.  Some  animals  live 
only  one  day.  Take  no  bad  book  into  your  hands,  boys! 
Good  laws  are  useful  to  the  whole  state.  A  king  is  master  of 
his  land;  God  is  the  Lord  of  the  whole  world. 


73. 

m.  &f, 
Nom.  du'  rl  or 
Gen.    du  ri  o'  ris 
Dat.     du  ri  o'  ri 
Ace.     du  ri  0'  rem 
Voc.    du'  rl  or 


dQriSr,  duriGs,  harder 

Singular. 

n. 
dtl'  ri  us 
dQ  ri  o'  ris 
dCl  ri  o'  ri 
dQ'  ri  us 
du'  ri  us 


Abl.     du  ri  0'  rg  &  da  ri  0'  ri         du  rl  0'  re  &  da  rl  o'  ri 


—     84     ~ 


m.  &  f. 
Norn.  (IQ  ri  (")'  res 
Gen.    (In  ri  0'  mm 
Dat.     (In  rl  0'  rl  bus 
Ace.     (in  rl  0'  res 
Voc.    dn  rl  (■>'  res 
Ab!.      dn  rl  0'  ri  bus 


Plural. 

i\. 
dn  rl  0'  ra 
dn  rl  o'  riiiii 
dn  ri  (")'  rt  biis 
dn  r!  0'  r& 
dn  ri  (")'  r3. 
dn  rl  0'  ri  bus 


Adjectives  have  tliree  de^^rces  of  Comparison:  tlie 
Positive,  tlie  Comparative,  aiid  the  Superlative. 

1 .  The  i)()sitive  dei!:ree  is  expressed  by  the  adjec- 
tive ill  its  simple  form,  as:  durus,  hard, 

2.  Tlie  comparative  degree  ends  in  ior  for  the 
masculine  and  feminine,  nnd  in  ius  for  the  neuter, 
and  is  formed  ])y  chan<j;ini!;  the  genitive  ending  i  or  is 
of  the  positive,  into  ior,  ius,  thus: 


Positive. 

Genitive. 

Comparative. 

excelsus,  hhjh 

cwc-elsi 

excelsior,  excelsTfis 

iTbt^T,  free 

lllx^'ri 

llhi^'rTor,  llbC'rius 

pulclier,  beautiful 

puIclirT 

pulclii-ior,  pulchrTus 

fict'T,  sharp,  keen 

fu  tTs 

acrtor,  acrius 

It' vis,  li(jht 

lr'\Ts 

l(''vTor,  ir'Vius 

sfiij^jix,  sar/ae  to  us 

sai^acTs 

saijjaeTr)r,  srii;acTris 

Tthm's,  slothful 

IiiertTs 

IiHMtTor,  Inert  Ius 

prndeiis,  2)rudent 

prndiMitis 

I)rn(leiiti6r,  i)rndeniTus 

3.  Comparatives  are  of  tlie  Tliird  Declension,  and 
are  dechned  hke  durior,  durius. 

4.  The  comparative  may  often  be  transhited  bv 
too  or  rather  witli  the  positive,  especially  when  oile 
of  the  things  c(mipared  is  omitted,  as:  brevTor,  rather 
short;  audacTor,  too  hold, 

5.  The  superlative  ends  in  issimiis,  issima,  issi- 

miim,    and   is    formed    by    changing   the    genitive 


—    85    — 


ending  i  or  is  of  the  positive,  into  issimus,  issima, 
issinium,  thus: 

I^ositive.  Genitive.  Superlative. 

pr?tl(-)sris,  valuable  prc^tlosT  pretiosissTmfis 

dlligens,  dilhjent  dlllgentis  dillgentissimiis 

G.  Superlatives  are  declined  like  bonus,  -a,  -urn 
of  the  First  and  Second  Declensions.  The  superla- 
tive often  expresses  a  high  degree  of  quahty,  as: 
mons  altissTmus,  a  very  high  mountain. 


qu(j .  .  .  eo,  the  .  .  .  the 
quain,  than 

c^'tvn,  -ae,  -a,  the  rest,  other 
udnlatIO,  -oiiTs,  flatter-y 
maliis,  -i,  the  mast 


mombriim,  -i,  a  member 
apttis,  -a,  -iim  ad,  fitted  for 
vap6r,  -oris,  vapor,  steam 
ol(''um,  -1,  oil 

delphliiiis,  -i,  a  dolphin 

Aurum  utHe  est,  utilTus  fermm.  SenTbus  difficilTor  est 
morum  mutatlo  quam  juvenibus.  DiligentissTmi  discipuli  sunt 
niagistris  carissimi.  Quo  diligentiores  sunt  discipuli,  eo  ca- 
riores  sunt  magistris.  Adamas  durior  est  quam  ferrum ;  fer- 
rum  durTus  est  quam  cetera  metalla.  Sonus  tardior  est  quam 
lux.  Nihil  in  amicitia  perniciosTus  est  quam  adulatio.  Om- 
nium arborum  altissTmae  sunt  abietes  et  ad  males  navium 
aptissTmae.  Nihil  est  dulcTus  quam  lux  veritatis.  Columbae 
timididrcs  sunt  quam  anseres.  Nigrae  vulpes  rarissTmae  sunt. 
A^entorum  frigidissTmus  est  aquHo.  UtilissTma  hominum  membra 
sunt  manus.  Elephantus  est  omnium  animalTum  terrestrium 
prudentissTmum.  Vapores  aquae  leviores  sunt  quam  aer.  Oleum 
levius  est  quam  aqua.  Dies  sunt  aestate  longiores,  hieme  bre- 
viores  quam  noctes.  Scnsus  nonnullorum  animalTum  acriores 
sunt  quam  homtnum.  Romam,  urbcm  ItalTae  clarissTmam,  lau- 
dant  poetae.  Vclocissimus  piscTum  est  delphlnus.  Litter'arum 
radices  amarae  sunt,  sed  fructus  jucundissimi.     Excelsior  I 

74.  aquatlciis,  -S,  -fmi,  aquatic    minus,  less 

bombyx,  -ycis,  a  silk-worm    fortnnatiis,  -a,  -fim,  fortunate 

prndentia,  -ae,  prudence 
etiurn,  still  (to  be  placed  before  the  comparative  to  which  it  refers) 


—    86     — 

Of  all  pains  tooih-ache  is  the  most  troublesome.     Nothing 
is  sweeter  than  friendship.     No  aquatic  animal  is  swifter  than 
the  dolphin.     The  most  useful  of  all  insects  are  bees  and  silk- 
worms.    Dogs  are  more  sagacious  than  cats.     Gold  is  a  more 
precious  metal  than  iron,  but  iron  is  more  useful  than  gold. 
Care  is  swifter  than  the  wimU,    Time  is  a  very  precious  thing. 
Nothing   is   more  certain   than   death,    nothing  less  certahi 
than  the  hour  of  death.     The  time  of  youth  is  more  precious 
than  gold  and  silver.     In  Europe,  spring  is  the  most  delight- 
ful  time  of  the  year;  but  in  America,  autumn  is  more  pleasant 
than  summer  and  spring.  The  hare  is  a  very  timid  animal.  The 
children  were  more  fortunate  than  (their)  parents.     The  poor 
are  often  hapi)ier  than  the  rich.  Camels  carry  very  heavy  loads. 
In  winter  time  (time  of  winter)   the  days  are  rather  short. 
Iron  is  more  useful  than  gold  and  silver;  it  is  the  most  useful 
of  all  metals.  Learning  is  valuable,  prudence  is  more  valuable, 
and  virtue  more  valuable  still. 

'^^'  Imperative  (Fourth  Conjugation). 

ser'  VI,  serve  thou  ser  vi'  tg,  serve  ye 

ser  VI'  to,  thou  shall  serve       ser  vT  to'  te,  ye  shall  serve 

ser  vi'  to,  he  shall  serve  ser  vi  uu'  to,  they  shall  serve 

1.  Adjectives  in  ^r  add  rimus  to  the  positive,  to 
form  the  superlative,  as: 

pulch^r,  beautiful  pulcherrimtis,  most  beautiful 

acfr,  sharj),  keen  acerriiiius,  sharxjest,  keenest 

v5tus,  old,  makes  veterrimfis,  and  maturus,  r/^e, 
maturrimus  and  maturissimus. 

Six  adjectives  in  iUs  form  their  superlative  by 
changing  the  ending  is  into  limus,  as:  facilTs,  facil- 
limus. 

These  are: 

facilis,  easy,  facillimfls  difficilis,  difficult,  diflneillimiis 

similis,  like,  simillimas  dissimllXs,  unlike,  disslmillimus 

gracilis,  slender^  graciUImus      humilis,  low^  humiUimus 


—    87 


3.  Compound  adjectives  in  dicus,  ficus,  and  v6- 
lus  form  their  comparative  and  superlative  by  chan- 
ging us  into  eiitior,  entissimus,  as: 

b^nevolus,  benevolent  bfn^volentior  b^ngvolentissimus 

b^n^flctis,  beneficent  beneflcentTor  b^ne^fleentissimas 

raagnifictis,  magnificent,  magnlficentiSr  magnlficentissimus 
grand 


In  like  manner  are  compared: 


eggnus,  needy 
prOvIdus,  provident 


egentiSr 
provide  11  tidr 


^gentissimiSs 

prOvIdentissimtts 


4.  Adjectives  not  admitting  terminational  com- 
parison, are: 

a.  Those  in  us  preceded  by  a  vowel  (except  those 
in  quus),  as:  Tdoneus,  suitable;  noxiiis,  hurtful;  but 
antlquus,  old,  ancient,  antlquior,  antlquissiinus. 

b.  Many  derivatives  in  alis,  ills,  etc.,  as:   morta- 

iTs,  mortal. 

Such  adjectives  form  the  comparative  and  super- 
lative, when  their  signification  requires  it,  by  prefix- 
ing the  adverbs  magls,  viore,  and  maxTme,  most,  to 
the  positive,  as: 

dubuis,  doubtful  mSgis  dubius  maxime  dublus 

5.  Other  adverbs  are  sometimes  used  with  the 
positive,  to  denote  different  degrees  of  quality;  such 
are:  valde,  admodum,  very;  inprimis,  in  the  highest 
degree,  as:  valde  dilTgens,  very  diligent.  The  particle 
per,  united  with  the  adjective  into  one  word,  has  the 
force  of  very,  as:  perdifficilis,  very  hard. 

The  comparative  is  modified  by  multo,  much,  far, 
by  far  ^  as:  multo  doctior,  hy  far  more  learned;  and 


—    88    — 


—    89    -. 


the  superlative  by  loiige,  hj  far,  as:  longe  pauper- 
riinus,  hy  far  the  poorest.  The  English  still  with  a 
comparative  is  either  omitted,  or  translated  by  etiam; 
and  even  with  the  comparative  and  superlative  is  vel, 
as:  etiam  doctior,  more  learned  still;  v^l  doctissTmus, 
even  the  most  harmed. 

6.  The  English  than  after  the  comparative  is  ex- 
pressed by  quam.  Sometimes  quam  is  omitted,  and 
the  ablative  is  used  with  the  comparative,  to  express 
that  with  which  something  is  compared,  thus: 


nihil   est  amabilTus  qiiaiu  j 

virtus 
nihil  est  amabilTus  virtute 


nothing   is   more   lovely 
(       than  virtue 


ac€r,  -ris,  -re,  'pungent,  keen  optabilTs,  -5,  desirable 

emendare,  to  amend,  imjyrove  facttini,  -i,  a  deed 

salubSr,  -ris,  -rS,  aalubrious  iniinlciis,  -i,  an  enemy 

audirg,  to  hear  custodire,  to  guard 

Avaritla  omnium  vitiorum  tcterrlmum  est.  Omntum  florum 
pulcherrlmus  est  rosa.  Dcus  est  pater  benevolentissTmus  et 
beneficentissTmus.  Liberi  saepc  sunt  parentlbus  simillimi. 
Piper  multo  acrlus  est  quam  sai.  Utilisslmi  labores  saepe  diffi- 
cillimi  sunt.  Yituperare  lacillTmum  est,  emendare  difficillTmum. 
Nihil  est  magnificentius  quam  caelum.  Homines  pauperrtmi 
non  semper  sunt  miserrimi.  Yinum  est  jucundTus,  sed  non 
salubrius  quam  aqua.  Yultures  acerrimos  habent  oculos. 
Itinera  antlquis  temporibus  difficillTma  erant.  Homines  divi- 
tissTmi  saepe  non  sunt  benevolentissimi.  Lux  omnium  rerum 
celerrTma  est.  Aer  ad  vitam  maxTme  necessarius  est.  Audlte, 
judices!  Aqua  est  res  utilis^Tma  et  pernecessaria.  Virtus 
pulcherrimum  homlnis  decus  est.  Bona  valetudo  optabilior 
est  quam  divitiae.  Sunt  facta  verbis  difficiliOra.  Amor  ini- 
micOrum  nostrorum  longe  diflQcillima  virtus  est.  Gives  urbem 
custodiunto. 


76,  validus,  -a,  um,  strong    [able  nScessTtas,  -atis,  necessity 

commodus,  -a,  -uiii,  comfort-  consTlmm,  -i,  advice 

navlgatid,   -onis,    navigation  simia,  -ae,  a  monkey 

iiiventiini,  -T,  an  invention  vllis,  -g,  of  little  value,  vile 

Tlie  eagle's  eyes  are  very  keen.  The  swiftest  animals  are  not 
always  the  strongest.  The  legs  of  stags  are  very  slender.  Our 
neighbor's  house  is  grander  than  ours,  but  less  comfortable. 
Air  is  lighter  than  water.  The  most  beautiful  part  of  the 
human  body  is  the  face.  Bad  men  are  much  more  miserable 
than  the  poor.  Siij^ht  and  hearing  are  by  far  the  keenest  of 
the  senses.  You  are  very  like  (to)  your  brother.  Summer 
time  is  the  most  fitted  for  navigation.  The  inventions  of 
necessity  are  older  than  (those)  of  pleasure.  Boys  shall  obey 
(to)  the  advice  of  wise  men.  The  monkey  is  an  animal  very 
like  (to)  man.  Lions  arc  fiercer  than  dogs.  The  way  will  be  long 
and  very  rough.  There  is  nothing  more  beautiful,  nothing 
more  lovely  than  virtue.  The  works  of  God  are  most  magnifi- 
cent.     Silver  is  of  less  value  than  gold,  gold  than  virtues. 

77,   1.  The  following  adjectives  have  different  words 
for  expressing  the  diff^erent  degrees  of  comparison: 

Positive.  Comparative.  Superlative, 

bonus,  good  mellor,  better  optimus,  best 

malus,  bad  pejor,  worse  pessTmiis,  worst 

magnus,  great  major,  greater  maxTmus,  greatest 

I)arvus,  little  minor,  less,  le^s,^r  niinlmus,  least 

ph'is,  more  plurlmus,  most 


multils,  much 


plus,  more,  is  thus  declined: 

Singular.  piural. 


Nom.  plus 
Gen.    plu'  ris 
Dat.     — 
Ace.     plds 
Voc.    — 
Abl.     — 


plu'  res 
plu'  ri  um 
plu'  11  bus 
plCl'  res 


plu'  ra  (plu'  rl  a) 
ph"i'  ri  iini 
plu'  ri  bQs 

plu'  ra  (ph"i'  rl  a) 


pla'ribtis  plu' ri  bus 

complures,  several,  very  many,  is  declined  like  plures, 


—     90     — 

2.  Mark  the  degrees  of  the  two  indeclmable  ad- 
jectives: 

nCquam,  icorthless  n^quTur  nequisslraus 

frugl,  frugal  frui^aliOr  frugalissimus 

3.  The   following  adjectives  have  two  irregular 
superlatives: 

Comparative, 
exterior,  exterior 


—     91     — 


Positive, 
exterus,  outward 

inf^rus,  below 

post(»rus,  following 

supfrus,  above 


infi^rlor,  inferior 


Superlative. 

(  extrCmus  )      , 

J.  ,  ,  }-  extreme 

{  (oxtiraus)  ) 

\  y  lowest 

[  Tin  us  ) 

,^  ^,  ,     .       ( postrfraus    )  last. 

post(?rior,  posterior  ^  '     ^.     ^       r  ,  .  \. 
'  '  ( post  urn  us     )  latest 

^    ^  ^^  .         (  suprCmus )  highest, 

supfTior,  superior    -  -      ^ 

( summus    )  supreme 

4.  The  following  adjectives  are  defective  in  their 
comparison: 

T.     Positive  wanting. 

Comparative.  Superlative. 

citrTior,  77iore  on  this  side,  nearer   citlmus,  most  on  this  side,  nearest 

intrTior,  inner  intlmus,  innermost,  intimate 

prior,  prior,  former  primus,  foremost,  first 

proplor,  nearer  proxliiius,  nearest 

ull(^rIor,  ulterior,  farther  nltlmus,  furthest,  last 

odor,  swifter  ocisslmus,  swiftest 

potior,  preferable  potisslmus,  most  important 

(let?rI6r,  worse  cU^terrlmus,  worst 


II. 

Positive, 
dl versus,  different 
falsils,  false 
inclutus,  renowned 
invltus,  unwilling 
novus,  new 
saet^r,  sacred 
vCtus,  old 


Comparative  wanting. 

Superlative, 
diversissimus,  most  different 
falsisslmus,  falsest 
inclutisslmus,  most  renowned 
invltisslmus,  most  unwilling 
novissimus,  newest 
saoerrlnius,  most  sacred 
vSterrlmus,  oldest 


III. 

PositJTO. 
juvenls,  young 
sgnex,  old 
alacer,  gay 
longinqiius,  far 
proi>inqiiris,  near 
pSpularis,  popular 
salutaris,  salutary 


Superlative  wanting. 


Comparative. 
jOnior,  younger 
senior,  older 
alacrlor,  gayer 
longinqulor,  fartlier 
propinqulor,  nearer 
piipularlor,  more  popular 
ealutarlor,  more  nalulary 


anxiinim,  -I,  help  urtlca,  -ae,  a  nettle 

Bona  yalctado  melTor  est  quam  map.ae  divittae.  Quo 
majus  est  pencu  um,  eo  proplus  est  plerumque  auxillum  Dei 
\  irtus  summum  bonum  est.  Camelus  major  est  quam  equus'; 
elephantus  est  maxim.m,  omnium  animallum  Lrrestrlum 
Sap.entia  optnna  magistra  est.  riurlmae  stellae  sunt  soles.' 
Plunma  ct  maxima  sunt  in  mari  animalla.  Anates  anseribus 
mmorcs  sunt.  Pulmones  cordi  proximi  sunt.  Fortis  miles  in 
ponculo  prmius,  in  fuga  ultlmus  est.     Aer  inffirus  est  denslor 

aestatc  Sol  multo  major  est  quam  terra.  Homines  pauperes 
saepe  habcnt  mcimrcs  mores  quam  homines  divltes.  Canis 
Major  et  Cams  Minor  sunt  sidera  caeli.  Cura  odor  est  quam 
ociss.mus  ventus  Vita  humana  habet  plures  dies  jucundos 
quam  tnstes.  Plurlmae  civitates  Amcrlcac  sunt  libciae  Ur- 
ticae  proxima  saepe  rosa  est, 

78.  impentas,  -a,  -Om,  ignorant    hSnSr,  -oris,  an  office 

The  better  part  of  man  is  immortal.    The  greatest  city  in 
Italy  IS  Naples;  the  greatest  city  in  America  is  New  York 
1  he  Ignorant  rabble  is  the  worst  interpreter  of  truth     Men 

n  e.]v  T  1?  ""'"''*  "'■"'•  '"  ^""*°^  "'«  l^°«r  arc  the  most 
needy.    Nothing  is  more  necessary  to  men  than  air  and  water. 

The  innermost  nature  of  things  is  not  known  to  men.    Charles 

Lth't^\f '"  *''  '^'^'^'"■■^-  ^'^^  •"°«'^ '«  -"^'^  "'^-er  ^Z 
earth  than  the  sun.     Heat  is  sometimes  more  injurious  to  the 

plants  than  cold.    Nothing  is  more  doubtful  aid  f«il  tha^ 


mmm 


—     92     - 

human  life.  The  glory  of  the  Roman  people  was  greatest  in 
war.  The  shorter  the  rules,  the  better.  By  far  more  men  are 
poor  than  rich.  Even  the  worst  men  praise  virtue.  The 
springs  of  some  rivers  are  on  the  highest  tops  of  the  mount- 
ains.    The  most  worthless  men  have  often  the  highest  oflQces. 


79. 


1 
2 
3 

4 
5 
6 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

IG 

17 

18 

10 

20 

21 

22 

23 

30 

40 

50 

60 

70 

80 

90 

100 

101 

200 

300 


Cardinals. 

I 

uniis,  Tinft,  nniim 

II 

dud,  (luae,  du6 

III 

tres,  trX& 

IV 

quattu6r 

V 

quinqug 

VI 

sex 

VII 

septum 

VIII 

octo 

IX 

novgm 

X 

decern 

XI 

uiulecim 

XII 

duodecirn 

XIII 

tredeciin 

XIV 

quattuordecTm 

XV 

quindecim 

XVI 

sedeclni 

XVII 

(lecem  et  septeni 

XVI 1 1 

(hlodevlgintl 

XIX 

undevTginti 

XX 

vii;inti 

XXI 

um'is  et  vlgintl  or  vlginti  unus 

XXII 

duo  et  vlginti  or  vTginti  duo 

XXUI 

tres  et  vlginti  or  vlginti  trOs 

XXX 

trlginta 

XL 

quach'aginta 

L 

quinquaginta 

LX 

sexaginta 

LXX 

septuaginta 

LXXX 

octOginta 

XC 

nonaginta 

c 

centum 

CI 

centum  H  fmus  or  centum  Hnus 

CO 

ducenti,  -ae,  -ft 

CCC 

treceati,  -ae,  -fi 

„ 


' 


400 

500 

600 

700 

800 

900 

1000 

2000 

5000 

6000 

10000 

50000 

100000 

1000000 


CCCC 

Dor  10 

DC 

DCC 

DCCC 

DCCCC 

M  or  CIO 

MM 

100 

lOOM 

CCIOO 

1000 

CCCIOOO 

CCCCIOOOO 


—     93     — 

"quadringenti,  -ae,  -3, 

quingenti,  -ae,  -3, 

sexcenti,  -ae,  -^ 

septingenti,  -ae,  -3, 

octingenti,  -ae,  -3, 

nongenti,  -ae,  -3, 

mille 

duo  milia 

qumque  milia 

sex  mllTa 

decem  mllTa 

quinquaginta  milia 

centum  mllTa  [mllla 

d^cles  centena  mllla  or  d^clGs  centum 


Norn. 

rr  nfis 

Gen 

u  ni'  us 

Dat. 

u'  ni 

Ace 

u'  ntlm 

Voc. 

u'  ne 

Abl. 

u'  no 

Nom. 

rr  ni 

Gen. 

u  no'  rilm 

Dat. 

u'  nis 

Ace. 

rr  nos 

Voc. 

11 '  ni 

Abl. 

a'  nis 

uniis,  una,  unum,  one 

Singular. 

u'  n3 
u  ni'  us 
u'  ni 
Ti'  nam 

fi'na 
u'  na 

Plural. 

fi'  nae 
u  na'  riini 

u'  nis 
fi'  nas 
u'  nae 

Q'  nis 


Ti'  num 
u  ni'  us 
u'  ni 
u'  niim 
u'  nuni 
ti'  no 


u'  n3, 

u  no'  rum 

u'  nis 
u'  na 
u'  na 
u'  nis 


duo,  dfiae,  duo,  two 
m.  / 

N.  du'  o  du'  ae 

G.  dil  o'  rum  du  a'  riim 

D   du  o'  bfls  du  a'  bus 

A    du'  OS,  du'  6  du'  as 

V.   du'6  diVae 

A.  duo' bus  dua'bus 


n. 
du'  6 

du  o'  riim 
du  o'  bus 
du'  6 
du'  6 
du  o'  biis 


tres,  trla,  three 
tres 


tri'  um 
trl'  bus 
tres 
tres 
trl'  biis 


trl' a 
trl'  iim 
trl'  bus 
trl' a 
trl' a 
tri'  bus 


ambo,  ambae,  ambo,  both,  is  declined  like  duo. 


—    94    — 

1.  Cardinal  Numerals  express  number  in  its  sim- 
plest form,  and  answer  the  question  how  many? 
The  three  first  are  declined;  the  rest,  as  far  as  one 
liundred,  are  indecHnable.  Ilundreds,  as:  ducenti, 
trecenti,  etc.,  are  dechned  Hke  the  plural  of  bonus. 

The  phu'al  of  finus  occurs  only  with  such  nouns 
as  have  no  singuhir,  as:  una  castra,  one  camp;  unae 
nuptlae,  one  marriage. 

2.  In  the  sinnjular  mille  is  an  adjective;  in  the 
phiral  it  is  a  substantive  and  takes  the  genitive  as: 
millr  niTlTtes,  a  thoumnd  soldiers;  duo  mllTa  mllTtum, 
two  tlioasaud  soldiers. 


digitus,  -1,  afimger 

const ar6  ex  (with  ublat),  to 

consist  of 
tam,  so 

in  (with  abhit.),  among 
disclpulus,  -1,  a  disciple 
Christfis,  -1,  Clirist 
prOditor,  -oris,  a  traitor 


hobdumSs,  -iidis,  a  week 
vel,  or^  even 
satis  ad,  enough  for 
litt^ra,  -ae,  a  letter 
AngliciTs,  -a,  -flni,  English 
attendCrS,  to  pay  attention 
qiiSt?  how  many  ? 
rectissimC,  quite  right 


In  humrmo  capTte  sexaginta  tria  sunt  ossa.  Habemus  duos 
ocfilos,  duas  aures,  duo  bracchta,  unum  os,  decern  digttos,  tri- 
ginta  duo  dentcs.  Homo  constat  ex  dufibus  partibus,  antmo 
et  corporc.  Vis  unlus  non  tam  magna  est  quam  duorum.  In 
duoderim  discipulis  Christi  unus  erat  prodTtor.  Mille  pc- 
dites  et  tria  milla  cquitum  erant  in  urbe.  Arnus  habet  duo- 
dec  im  menses,  quinqua^inta  duas  hebdomades,  trecentos  sexa- 
ginta quinque  dies.  Septem  vol  octo  horae  satis  sunt  ad 
somnum;  somnus  duarum  vel  trium  horarum  non  satis  est. 
Yiginti  sex  litteras  lingua  Anglica  ha])et.  Attende,  mi  filil 
Quot  menses  habet  unus  annus?  Duodecim.  Quot  hebdoma- 
des habet  unus  mensis?  Quattuor.  Quot  dies  habet  unus 
annus?  Trecentos  sexaginta  quinque.  Quot  horas  habet  unus 
dies?   Quattuor  et  viginti.     Qiiot  dies  habent  tres  anni?   Mille 


i 


r 


--     95     -^ 

nonaginta  quinque.  Quot  horas  habet  unus  annus?  Octo  mi- 
lla septingentas  sexaginta.  Rectissime,  mi  Carole  I  Homo 
trium  litterarum:  FUR. 

80,  tempus  annI,  a  season  supgrT5r,  -tis,  upper 

Solon,  -Is,  Solon  infT'rI5r,  -lis,  lower 

saeculiim,  -i,  a  century  plures,  -&,  many,  several  (op- 

aut,  or  posed  to  ilniis) 

artiis,  -mini  (pi.),  the  limbs 

We  have  two  eyes,  and  two  cars,  but  one  mouth.  Many 
works  arc  difficult  for  one  man,  but  easy  for  two.  Two  lights 
of  heaven,  the  sun  and  the  moon,  illumine  the  earth.  A  bee 
has  four  wings  and  six  feet.  There  are  four  seasons:  spring, 
summer,  autumn,  winter.  The  month  (of)  January  has  thirty- 
one  days.  Solon  was  one  of  the  seven  wise  (men).  The  world 
is  the  work  of  one  God,  not  of  many.  A  century  is  the 
time  of  a  hundred  years ;  a  year  is  the  time  of  three  hundred 
and  sixty-five  days;  a  month  is  the  time  of  thirty  or  thirty-one 
days;  February,  the  shortest  month  of  the  year,  has  commonly 
twenty-eight  days.  How  many  bones  are  there  in  the  human 
body?  In  the  head  there  arc  LXIII,  in  the  trunk  LI II;  in 
the  upper  limbs  LXVIII;  in  the  lower  limbs  LXIV.  Many 
animals  have  more  than  four  feet.  Twenty  days  are  four  hun- 
dred and  eighty  hours.  Two  friends  are  one  soul  in  two  bodies. 


81. 

Ordinals. 

1st, 

prlmfis,  -a,  -iim 

(pri6r, 

-us) 

14th, 

quartus  dc^rlmfis 

2nd, 

secundGs,  -&,  -um. 

etc. 

15th, 

quint  us  declmus 

3r(l, 

tertlus 

16th, 

sextus  declmus 

4th, 

quartiis 

17th, 

Septimus  declmus 

5th, 

quint  us 

18th, 

octavus  declmus  or  duo- 

6th, 

sextus 

dSvTccsImus 

7th, 

septimiis 

19th, 

noniis  declmus  or  undG- 

8th, 

octavus 

vlcCsimus 

9th, 

non  us 

20th, 

vTcesimus  or  vlgesimiis 

lOtli, 

dCcimus 

21st, 

unus  et  vlcesimus  or 

11th, 

undeclmiis 

vIcGsimus  prim  lis 

12th, 

duodc^cimus 

22nd, 

alter  et  vicesim  us  or 

13th, 

tertlds  declmus 

vlcesimus  secundus 

—    96     — 


23rcl,  tertTus  et  vIcGsImus 

30tb,  triceslmus  or  trlgesi- 
miis 

40th,  quadriigOsTmus 

50tli,  quIruiuagOsImus 

60tli,  sexagt'slnuls 

70th,  sei)tuagC'Siinri3 

80th,  octog(^sIinus 

90th,  noriagC'sTmus 

100th,  ceiitCsiiiius 

101st,  centesTmus  (et)  primus 

200th,  ciricontCsTnius 

300th,  treceiiteslinus 


400th,  quadringentSsimiis 

500th,  quingenteslmus 

600th,  sexcenteslmus 

700th,  septingentesinius 

800th,  octingentCsimus 

900th,  nongenteslmus 

1000th,  millcsimus 

2000th,  bis  millOsimus 

3000th,  ter  milleslmus 

10000th,  defies  milleslmus 

lOOOOOth,  centres  millesimus 

1000000th,  deeies  ceutlCs  mille- 
slniiis 


1.  Ordinal  Numerals  denote  a  series,  and  answer 
the  question,  v:hlch  one  in  the  series?  They  are  all 
adjectives  in  us,  a,  uiu;  except  prior,  prius,  first, 
wliich  is  used  instead  ot*  primus,  when  only  two  things 
are  spoken  of;  alter  is  often  used  for  secundiis. 

2.  Between  iicelfth  and  twentieth  the  smaller  num- 
ber is  usually  put  first  without  ^t;  from  tioentieth  up- 
wards the  larger  precedes  without  ^t,  or  the  smaller 
with  et;  but  instead  of  primus  and  secundus,  unus 
and  alter  are  often  used,  as:  alter  et  vIgesTmus,  the 
twenty'second.  Ordinals  with  pars,  part,  may  be  used 
to  express  fractions,  as:  tertia  pars,  a  third  part,  a 
third, 

3.  Time  ichen  is  put  in  the  ablative.  In  place  of 
our  Cardinals  the  Latin  employs  the  Ordinals,  to  de- 
note the  dates  of  years  and  hours  of  the  day,  as: 
anno  millesTmo  octingentesTmo  septiiagesTmo  nono 
post  Christum  natum,  in  the  year  1879  after  the  birth 
of  Christ;  octava  hoiTi,  at  the  eighth  hour  (at  eight 
o'clock).  Quota  hora  est?  What  o'clock  is  it F  Tertia 
hora,  three  o'clock. 


—    97    — 


V 


' 

Dislributives. 

1. 

singuli,  -ae,  - 

■&,  one  by  one 

22. 

vlc6nl  bini 

2. 

bini,  -ae,  -&, 

two  by  twOj  etc. 

23. 

vicenl  temi 

3. 

terni  (trini) 

30. 

trieeni 

4. 

quaternl 

40. 

quadragCnl 

5. 

quini 

50. 

quinquagCnl 

6. 

senl 

60. 

sexagCni 

7. 

septeni 

70. 

septuageni 

8. 

octoni 

80. 

octOgeni 

9. 

nOvenI 

90. 

nOnagGnl 

10. 

deni 

100. 

centeni 

11. 

undeni 

200. 

ducCnl 

12. 

duodeni 

300. 

tr^cGnl 

13. 

term  dGnl 

400. 

quadringeni 

14 

quaternl  deni 

500. 

quingCnl 

15. 

quInI  deni 

600. 

sexceni 

16. 

senl  deni 

700. 

septingeni 

17. 

septCnl  deni 

800. 

octingeni 

18. 

octOnI  dCnl  or 

duodevIcCnl 

900. 

nongeni 

19. 

novCni  deni  or 

•  undevIcCnl 

1000. 

singula  mllia 

20. 

viceni 

2000. 

bina  mllla 

21. 

vlcem  singuli 

3000. 

terna  mllia,  etc. 

4.  Distributive  Numerals  answer  the  question:  how 
many  at  a  time  ?  and  are  often  best  rendered  by  add- 
ing to  the  cardinal  each  or  apiece;  they  must  be  used 
whenever  there  is  a  repetition  expressed  or  implied,  as 
in  the  multiplication  table,  thus:  bis  bina,  twice  two. 
Distributives  are  declined  like  the  plural  of  bonus. 

Numeral  Adverbs. 


1.  s6mdl,  once 

2.  bis,  twice 

3.  t6r,  thrice 

4.  quat^r,  four  times^  etc. 

5.  quinquies 

6.  sexies 

7.  septies 

8.  octiSs 

9.  novies 
10.  d6cies 


11.  undecles 

12.  duodecies 

13.  terdecles  (tredgciGs) 

14.  quaterdecTes  (quattuordecies) 

15.  quinquiGsdecies  (quindeciGs) 

16.  sexlesdecies 

17.  septlesdecies 

18.  diiodevicies  (octiGs  d^ciGs) 

19.  undevIciCs  (nuvICs  decles) 

20.  vicies 


— .    98     — 


21. 

st^mt'l  ^t  vTcTgs 

22. 

bis  et  vieies 

23. 

ter  et  vIciGs,  etc. 

30. 

trIcTGs 

40. 

(iiiadragiOs 

50. 

(luinquiiglGs 

60. 

sexugiGs 

TO. 

septuugiGs 

80. 

OCtUiL^lGS 

00. 

nOnagiGs 

100. 

centiGs 

200. 

ducentlGs 

300. 

trecentlCs 

400.  quadringentlGs 

500.  quingeDtiGs 

600.  sexcentiGs 

700.  septingentiGs 

800.  octiiigenties 

900.  nongCDtiGs 

1000.  milIGs 

2000.  bismillGs 

3000.  t^rmlllGs 

10000.  (iGcTGs  mlllGs 

100000.  centiGs  mllIGs 

1000000.  mlliGs  mlliGs 

2000000.  bis  milies  mllIGs 


5.  Numeral   Adverbs 
often  F      Being  adverbSj 
clinable. 

Multiplicatives. 

siini)lex,  -  icls,  ,sinyle 
duplex,  tv'ofold,  douhle 
trtplex,  thret'Jold,  triple 
qiiadruplex,  fourfold 
quincuplex,  Jivefold 
septemplex,  sevenfold 
dGcenq)lox,  tevfoJd 
cent uplrx,  liu  n dredfold 


answer    the    question:     hoiv 
they  are    altogether    inde- 

Proportionals. 

simplfls,  -a,  -urn,  simple 
duplus,  twice  as  great 
tnplils,  three  times  as  great 
qiiad^nq)ias,  four  times  as  great 
sei)tuplus,  seven  times  as  great 
octuplus,  eight  times  as  great 
dGcuplus,  ten  times  as  great 
centuplils,  a  hundred  times  as 
great 

6.  Multiplicative  Numerals  answer  the  question: 
how  manijohl?  They  are  adjectives  in  ex,  icis. 
Proportional  Numerals  answer  the  question:  Jioiv  many 
times  as  (jreat?  and  are  adjectives  in  iis,  a,  urn. 
Of  either  class  there  are  only  a  few  in  common  use, 
and  the  proportionals  are  found  mostly  in  the  neuter. 

7.  ^lark  the  following  nouns  compounded  with 
numerals : 

bienniilm,  -T,  the  space  of  2  years    blduiim,  -T,  the  space  of  2  days 
triennium,  the  space  of  3  years         trldaum,  the  space  of  3  days 
quadneiiuiilm,  the  space  of  4  years    quatrlduum,  the  space  of  \  days 


—     99     — 


„ 


1 


redltils,  -us,  a  return 
annuntlarg,  to  announce 
December,  -ris,  December 
aestiis,  -uuiii  (pi.),  the  tide 
affluere,  to  flow 


r^m^arg,  to  flow  back,  ebb 
adultiis,  -a,  -um,  grown  up 
apud  (with  aceus.),  with,  among 
October,  -ris,  October 
jam,  already 


p^r  (with  accus.),  for 
triple  major,  (by  threefold  larger)  three  times  as  large 

Primae  hirundtnes  amoenum  veris  reditum  anniintiant. 
December  est  duodecTmus  anni  mensis.  Aestus  maris  bis  at: 
fluunt  et  bis  remeant  vicenis  quaternis  horis.  Ilora  est  vice- 
sinia  quarta  pars  diei  et  octies  millesTma  septingentesima  pars 
anni.  Unus  homo  habet  unum  caput,  unum  os,  duas  aures, 
duo  bracchia,  duos  pedes,  duas  manus.  Homines  habent  sin- 
gula capita,  binas  aures,  bina  bracchta,  binos  pedes,  binas 
manus.  Adulti  habent  denies  tricenos  bInos,  adulescentes 
v'icenos  octonos.  Bis  terni  sunt  sex.  Ter  quatcrni  sunt  duo- 
decim;  quater  quini  sunt  viginti.  Octies  triceni  sunt  ducenti 
quadraginta.  Aer  octingentles  levTor  est  quam  aqua.  Apud 
Romanos  October  octavus  anni  mensis  crat,  nunc  est  decTmus. 
Quota  hora  est  ?  Hora  octava  vel  nona.  Plurimi  discipuli 
jam  per  triennium  vel  quadriennium  in  schola  fuerunt.  Mensis 
est  duodecTma  pars  anni.  Semel  et  vicTes  viceni  singuli  sunt 
quadringenti  quadraginta  unus.  PlurTma  insecta  senos  pedes 
habent,  alia  octonos,  alia  centenos  et  plures.  America  triplo 
major  est  quam  Europa. 


82.  Carolus  Magntis  (-1  -i), 
Cliarlemagne 
impgratdr,  -oris,  an  em- 
peror 


tantum,  but 

November,  -ris,  November 
in  (with  ablat.),  on 
dorsum,  -i,  the  back 


What  o'clock  is  it?  It  is  ten  o'clock.  The  master  gives  (to) 
the  boys  four  books  apiece.  The  end  of  the  Thirty  years'  war  was 
in  the  year  1648.  Charlemagne  was  emperor  in  the  year  800 
after  the  birth  of  Christ.  The  last  day  of  the  year  is  the  365th. 
Gold  is  nineteen  times  heavier  than  water.  Some  insects  have 
a  hundred  feet  each.  A  bee  has  four  wings  and  six  feet.  Bees 
have  each  four  wings  and  six  feet.    How  many  arc  twice  two? 


—    100    — 


Twenty-five  times  241  are  6025.  Your  brother  has  three  chil- 
dren ;  your  sisters  have  each  two  children.  We  are  but  once 
boys.  In  ancient  times  November  was  the  ninth  month  of  the 
year ;  now  it  is  the  eleventli ;  December  was  the  tenth,  now  it 
is  the  twelfth.  p]i<?ht  times  eight  are  sixty-four;  nine  times 
nine  are  eighty-one;  ten  times  ten  are  one  hundred.  Twice  two 
thousand  are  lour  thousand.  Many  camels  have  each  one  hump 
on  the  back  j  others  have  two. 


83. 

Singular. 

Nom. 

e'go,  / 

tu,  thou 

Gen. 

me'  1,  oj  me 

tu'  I,  of  thee 

Dat. 

nil'  hi,  to  me 

tV  bi,  to  thee 

Ace. 

me,  me 

tc,  thee 

Voc. 

tfi,  Othou 

Abl. 

mO,  from  me 

te,  ftvm  thee 
Plural. 

Nom. 

nos,  ice 

vos,  ye  or  you 

Gen. 

no'  strum    ) 
no'  strl        ( 

of  us 

ve'stram   .    ^ 
ve'  stri       j 

Dat. 

no'  bis,  to  us 

vo'  bis,  to  you 

Ace. 

nos,  us 

vos,  you 

Voc. 

vOs,  0  ye  or  0  you 

Abi. 

no'  bis,  from 

us 

vo'  bis,  from  you 

1.  Tlie  Personal  Pronouns  of  the  first  person  are: 
ego,  /,  iios,  ice;  of  the  second  person:  tu,  thou; 
vos,  ye  or  you.  The  nominatives:  ego,  tu,  nos,  vos, 
are  commonly  expressed  with  the  verb  for  the  sake 
of  emphasis  or  contrast  only,  as:  ^g6  scribo,  tu 
legTs,  /  am  writing^  thou  art  reading. 

2.  The  Reflexive  Pi'onoun  is:  suT,  sTbT,  se,  with  the 
possessive  suus,  sua,  suum,  his^  hei\  its,  their  (own). 


—    101    — 


Plural 


sii'I,  of  tJiemselves 
sV  bi,  io  themselves 
se,  tlwmselves 


Singular. 

Nom.  

Gen.  su'  I,  of  himself  herself  itself 

Dat.  Si'  bi,  to  himself  herself,  itself 

Ace.  se,  himself  herself  itself 

Voc.  

Abl.     se,  with  himself  herself  itself  se,  with  themselves 

3.  The  syllable  met  is  annexed  for  emphasis  to 
all  the  personal  pronouns  except  the  genitive  plural 
and  tu.  To  the  latter  te  is  added  for  the  same  pur- 
pose, thus:  tut6.  The  genitives  nostrum  and  ves- 
trum  are  used  partitively  and  in  connection  with 
omnium,  of  all,  as:  nemo  vestrum,  no  one  of  you. 

4.  The  preposition  cum,  with,  is  joined  to  the  ab- 
lative of  these  pronouns,  as: 

mecGm,  loithme  nOblsctlm,  with  us 

tecGm,  with  thee  vOblscilm,  with  you 

seciim,  withUm(self)  secum,  with  tliem (selves) 


Nom.  ip'  s5 
Gen.    ip  si'  tls 
Dat.    ip'  si 
Ace.    ip'  stlin 
Voc.    ip'  s§ 
Abl.     ip'  80 


ipse,  ipsa,  ipsum,  himself  herself^  itself 

Singular. 

ip'  sa  ip'  Slim 

Ip  si'  tu  ip  si'  iis 

ip'  si  ip'  si 

ip'  sam  ip'  slim 

ip'  sa  ip'  Slim 

ip'  sa  ip'  so 


Nom.  ip'  si 
Gen.    ip  so'rtim 
Dat.     ip'  sis 
Ace.     ip'  SOS 
Voc.    ip'  si 
Abl.    ip'  sis 


EuraL 
ip'sae 
ip  sa'  rtlm 

ip'  sis 
ip'  sas 

ip'sae 
ip'  sis 


ip'sa 

ip  so'  rtim 
ip'  sis 

ip'sa 
ip'sa 
ip'sis 


5.  The  pronoun  ips6,  ipsS,  ipsiim  makes  the  word 
to  which  it  is  added,  more  emphatic.     In  English,  self 


—    102    — 


with  the  personal  pronouns  is  used  both  reflexively 
as:  the  hoy  praises  himself,  and  to  denote  emphasis, 
as:  the  boy  himself  is  present.  In  Latin  the  former 
would  he  translated:  puer  se  ips^  hiudiit,  and  the 
latter:  puer  ix)se  adest. 


dllTixere,  to  love 
fub^r,  -rl,  a  smith,  architect 
br'nii^qiiis,  -a,  -iim,  favorable 
fiDa,  together 


intt^r  St',  among  themselves,  with 
each  other,  one  another 

res  public^  (-ei  -ae),  the  com,- 
monwealth,  state,  republic 


pugiiarC,  to  fight,  contend 

Ego  sum  discipulus;  nos  sumus  discipuli;  tu  es  magister 
noster.  Omne  animal  se  ipsum  dillgit.  Omnia  animalTa  se 
dillgunt.  Veritas  se  ipsa  delendit.  Victoriarum  omnium  prima 
et  maxima  est  se  ipsum  vincere.  Conscientia  est  vox  Dei  in 
nobis.  Homo  ipse  fortunae  suae  faber  est.  Veritas  semper 
mihi  grata  est.  Omnes  homines  sunt  benigni  judlces  sui.  Ego 
et  tu  et  frater  mens  una  ambulanms.  Virtus  et  vitia  semper 
inter  se  pugnant.  Lusciniarum  cantus  nos  delectat.  In  me  et 
in  te  et  in  nobis  onmibus  est  animus  immortalis.  Pueri  in  horto 
nobiscum  ambulanto.  Parentes  mei  mihi  tam  cari  sunt,  quam 
tibi  tui.  Vos  omnes  parentlbus  vestris  estis  cari.  lies  futu- 
rae  nobis  ignotae  sunt.  Deus  amat  nos,  ut  pater  liberos  suos. 
Rei  publlcae  salus  vobis  cara  esto.  Pancm  nostrum  cotidianum 
da  nobis  hodio  I 

84,  n6  nnus  quIdCm,   not  even    nosoSre,  to  Jcnow 

one,  not  a  single  commOduui,  -i,  p7^ofit 

omnia  sua,  all  one* s  property 

The  Dative  expresses  that  to  or  for  which  any  tiling  is,  or  is 
done,  as:  non  scholae,  sed  vitae  discimus,  we  learn  not  for  the 
school,  hut  for  life. 

^  You  are  reading,  but  I  am  writing.  We  all  love  you,  my 
friend.  In  thee,  0  Lord,  is  all  our  hope  and  safety  I  Thy  father 
is  dear  to  thee,  mine  to  me.  Wise  men  do  not  praise  them- 
selves.    A  true  ti-iend  will  be  with  you  in  the  time  of  danger. 


—   103   — 

The  girl  writes  the  letter  with  her  (own)  hand.  The  good  live 
not  for  themselves,  but  for  all.  The  study  of  ancient  languages 
is  useful  to  us.  Nobody  of  us  will  always  be  happy.  My  brother 
is  very  like  (to)  me.  Our  country  is  dearer  to  us  than  life.  The 
city  itself  is  small,  but  it  has  some  large  and  magnificent  build- 
ings. Know  thyself!  Your  brother  Charles  has  not  a  single 
friend,  he  loves  only  himself  and  his  profit.  '^  I  carry  all  my 
property  with  me  "  were  the  words  of  a  wise  man.  We  all  are 
subject  to  death.  I  am  poor,  you  are  rich,  but  we  are  both 
happy.  Spring  is  more  pleasant  than  winter.  The  better  part 
of  us  is  immortal.  Bad  boys  are  always  fighting  with  one 
another. 


83,  hic,  haec,  hoc,  this  (of  mine)     \\\^,  ilia,  illud,  that  (yonder) 

Singular. 


m. 

/ 

n. 

ni. 

/ 

n. 

N. 

hic 

haec 

h5c 

11'  le 

il'la 

il'  lud 

G 

hu' jus 

hu' jus 

hu'jus 

11  W  us 

il  li'  us 

il  \V  us 

D. 

hu'  ic 

hu'  ic 

hu'  ic 

il'll 

il'll 

il'll 

A. 

hunc 

hanc 

hoc 

11'  iiim 

il'  lam 

il'  lud 

V. 

h!c 

haec 

h6c 

il'  le 

il'la 

il'  lud 

A. 

hoc 

hac 

hoc 

il'lO 
Plural. 

il'la 

il'lO 

N. 

hi 

hae 

haec 

il'll 

11'  lae 

il'la 

G. 

ho'  rum 

ha'  rum 

ho'  rum 

il  lo'  rum 

il  la'  rum 

il  lo'  rum 

D 

his 

his 

his 

il'  lis 

il'  lis 

il'  lis 

A. 

hOs 

has 

haec 

11'  los 

il'  las 

il'la 

V. 

hi 

hae 

haec 

il'll 

il'  lae 

il'la 

A. 

his 

his 

his 

il'  Us 

il'  Us 

il'  lis 

iste,  ista,  istiid,  that  (of  yours),  is  declined  like  ille. 

1.  The  Demonstrative  hie,  this  (of  mine),  is  used  of 
that  which  is  near  the  speaker,  and  often  forms  a  con- 
trast to  ille;  iste,  that  (of  yours),  points  out  that 
which  is  near  the  person  spoken  to,  and  ille,  that 
(yonder),  designates  that  which  is  remote  from  both. 


—    104    — 

In  reference  to  two  objects  previously  mentioned  hic 
.  .  ille  may  be  translated  by  the  latter  .  .  the  former, 
or  the  one  .  .  the  other,  iste  often  also  expresses  con- 
tempt, as:  iste  homo,  that  fellow,  and  ille  is  also  used 
of  what  is  well  known,  as:  Medea  'm^that  welUhiown 
Medea. 

IS,  6a,  id,  he,  she,  it;  that 

Singular. 

/  n. 

6' a  Id 

e'jiis  ejus 

S'  am  i(j 


7n. 

Nom 

IS 

Gen. 

ejus 

Dat. 

6' I 

Ace. 

e'  urn 

Voc. 



Abl. 

e'  0 

Nom. 

ri,  e'T 

Gen. 

e  0'  rum 

Dat. 

i'  Is,  e'  Is 

Ace. 

e'  OS 

Voc. 

Abl. 

V  Is,  e'  Is 

6' a 


6'0 


Plural. 


Idem, 


Nom 

.  r  dem 

Gen. 

ejus'  dem 

Dat. 

e  r  dera 

Ace 

e  un'  dem 

Voc. 

Abl. 

e  0'  dem 

Nom. 

1  r  dem,  (^  r  dem 

Gen. 

e  0  run'  dem 

Dat. 

6  IS' dem,  ils'd^m 

Ace. 

6  OS'  dem 

Voc. 

— 

Abl. 

els' dem,  T  is' dem 

6'  ae 

6' a 

6  a'  rum 

6  o'  rum 

ris,  ^''is 

I'lS,  6' Is 

6'  as 

6' a 

ris,  e'ls 

ris,  6' Is 

eadem,  Idem, 

the 

same 

Singular. 

6'  a  dem 

V  dem 

ejus'  dem 

ejus'  dem 

e  r  dem 

e  i'  dem 

1^  an'  dem 

r  dem 

6  a'  d(5m 


6  C  dem 


Plural. 
e  ae'  dem  g'  a  dem 

6  a  run'  dem  g  o  run'  dem 

e  IS'  dem,  1  Is'  dem    e  Is'  d^m,  i  Is'  d(^m 

e'  a  dem 


e  as'  dem 


1 


s 


—    105    — 

2.  The  Determinative  Pronoun  is,  ea,Td,  that,  is  often 
used  as  a  personal  pronoun  (lie,  she,  it,  they,  etc.)  of 
the  same  gender  with  the  noun  for  wliieh  it  stands, 
as:  liabeo  multus  ITbrus,  eos  lego  ITbenter,  I  have 
many  books,  I  read  them  ivith  pleasure.  The  suffix 
dem  is  annexed  to  Is,  forming  Idem,  ericl^in,  idem, 
the  same. 

3.  The  Possessives  his,  her,  its,  their  correspond  to 
suiis,  -a,  -um,  when  they  refer  to  the  subject;  if  they 
refer  to  any  otluM*  Avord,  they  are  expressed  com- 
monly by  the  genitive  of  is,  ea,  id,  thus: 

Magister  venit  cum  I'lllG  meo  et  aiiilco  suo,  the  teacher 
comes  with  my  son  and  his  (the  teacher's)  friend, 

Magister  venit  cum  filio  meo  et  ejiis  amlco,  the  teacher 
comes  loith  my  son  and  his  (the  son's)  friend. 


quam,  how 

tenuis,  -e,  thin 

sceieratus,  -a,  -um,  ivlckedy 

criminal 
domicilluin,  -i,  a  home 


elegans,  -tis,  elegant 
praeclarus,  -S,  -iiin,  celebrated 
Delphiciis,  -a,  -uni,  Delphic 
cognoscSre,  to  know 
ex  (with  ablat.),  from 


e  Is'  dem,  1  Is'  dem    e  Is'  dem,  j  is'  dem 


que,  and  (to  be  appended  to  the  word) 

Hacc  domus  ilia,  arbore  altior  est.  Invidia  est  comes 
gloriac;  hoc  est  connnunc  vitlum  in  magnis  liberisque  civita- 
tibus.  Quam  varii  sunt  colorcs  hiijus  florisi  Aer  in  his  mon- 
tlbus  tcnuTor  est  quam  in  valin^us  illis.  Omnes  sceleratos  eadem 
poena  exspcetat.  Tides  istum  virum  cum  puero ;  is  est  pater 
mens,  puer  est  ejus  films,  frater  mens.  Tides  istud  aedifi- 
cTum  cum  horto,  id  est  domicilTum  mcum;  liortus  ejus  est  amoe- 
nus.  Incola  istlus  domus  clegantis  est  vir  divitissTmus.  Pater 
laudat  filTum  et  dat  ei  li])rum  pulchruni;  simTli  done  eum  saepe 
dclectat.  Officia  hominum  non  omnibus  temporilous  eadem 
sunt.     Tir  sapiens  non  glorlani  virtutis,  sed  virtutcm  ipsam 


—    106    — 

amat.     Finis  hujus  vitae  est  initium  illlus  vitae  acternae 
Pastor  ejusque  canis  sunt  fessi.  Isti  homtni  mendaci  non    redo 
Praec  arum  est  illud  praeceptum  oraculi  DelphTci:    Xo'ce  te 
ipsum!    Deum  co^nosclmus  ex  operlhus  ejus      Omnes  ^pueri 
scholae  nostrae  eosdem  libros  leguiit.  ^ 

^^'  dLS'o^^^^  ^'"-^'"^  '"^^^'•'  -^^'^^  '^-'^^^or,  writer 

disphcerg,  todi.pl.ase  in,ontor,  with  pleasure 

addictQs,  -a,  -uni,  devoted 

This  book  is  useful.     These  books  are  useful.     In  this  book 
there  are  many  leaves.     In  this  world  there  is  nothing  perfect 
Our  Ide  IS  a  short  jourr.ey;  the  beginning  of  this  journey  i^o^ 
birthday,   its  end   is  death.     That  friend  of  yours  is  a  very 
learned  man      This  opinion  pleases  (to)  me,  that  displeases  (tj 
me.    Some  beasts  are  wild,  others  are  tame;  the  latL  are  the 
companions  of  men,  the  former  live  eommo;iv  in  foreL      My 
brother  IS  a  most  elegant  writer;   I  read  his  books  with  pleai^ 
ure.    I  have  a  faithful  friend  ;  I  am  devoted  to  him.    The^ame 
things  are  not  pleasing  to  all  men.     Cows  are  domestic  an^ 
mals;  their  useftilness  is  very  great.     Not  all  flowers  have  the 
ame  colors.     The  feet  of  the  peacock  (pi.)  are  ugly,  bi^  its 
(their)  feathers  are  most  beautiful.     The  children  of  t lie  ^oo 
are  not  always  themselves  good.      The  source  of  all  pleasWs 
IS  in  ourselves.  pit^abuica 


87. 


Singnlar. 
N.  qui  quae  quod 

G-  cQ'jus     cu'jus        cu'jus 
cul  cui 

quum  quod 


qui,  quae,  qu5d,  who,  which,  that 


D.  cul 

A    quern 
V.       — 

A.    quo 


qua 


quo 


Plural, 

qui  quae  quae 

quo'  rum    qua'  rum  quo'  rum 

qui'  bus      qui'  bfis  qui'  bus 

quos  quas  quae 

qui'  bus      qui'  bus  qui'  bus 


1.  The  Relative  Pronoun  is  qui,  quae,  quod,  who, 
w/iich,  that;  It  agrees  with  its  antecedent  in  number, 


- 


—  107    — 

gender,  and  person,  but  the  case  depends  upon  the 
construction  of  the  relative  sentence  itself.  Examples: 

puer,   qui  legit,  discit,  the  boy       puella,  quain  vides,  scribit,  the 

tcho  reads,  learns 
puella,   quae  legit,   discit,   the 

girl  ivho  reads,  learns 
puer,  quern  vides,  legit,  theboy 

whom  you  see,  is  reading 


girl  whom  you  see,  is  writing 
eg-o,  ({ui  scribo,  /  who  write 
aumial,  quod  currit,  the  ani- 
mal which  runs  [write 
nos,   (lui  scribimus,    ice  who 


The  Vocative  is  wanting  in  Relative,  Interroga^ 
tive,  and  Indefinite  Pronouns. 

The  Relative  Pronoun,  often  omitted  in  English, 
must  always  be  expressed  in  Latin. 

The  preposition  cum,  with,  is  appended  to  all 
forms  of  the  ablative,  as  with  the  personal  pronouns, 
thus:  quocum,  quacum,  quibus'cum,  with  whom. 


m. 

/. 

n. 

Substantive.             quls? 

who? 

quid?  what? 

Adjective.                 qui? 

quae? 

quod?  ivhich?      \two)! 

Subst.  and  Adject,  uter? 

utra 
Singular. 

utrum?  who?  which  (oj 

Nom.  quis?  who? 

quid? 

what? 

Gen.    cu'jus?  whose? 

cu'jus 

?  of  what? 

Dat.     CUT?  to  or  for  whom? 

cul?  tc 

►  or  for  what? 

Ace     quem?  whom? 

quid? 

what? 

Abl.     quo?  from  or  with  whom?     quo?  from  or  with  what? 

2.  The  Interrogatives  qui,  quae,  quod?  which P  and 
quis,  quid?  who,  what?  are  decHned  like  the  Rela- 
tive. The  former  is  always  used  as  an  adjective,  and 
the  latter  as  a  substantive;  only  the  masculine  quTs 


—    1U8    — 

occurs  sometimes  as  an  adjective.     (For  tlie  declen- 
sion of  uter  see  71.)     Exami)les: 

quis  venit?  ivho  is  coming:^  ijui  vir  ve.iit?  tchat  (kind  of  a) 

quid  times?  lohal  do  you  fmr?         vian  is  coming? 

quod  pcrciulum  tiuies?  vhcd  danger  do  you  fear? 

To  all  Interrogatives  the  particle  nam  (literally 
for)  may  be  appended  for  tlie  sake  of  emphasis,  an- 
SAvering   to    our  English  pra>/,   as:    quidiiaiu  5gls? 
j)rmj,  icJiat  are  you  doimj? 

3.  The  Compoimd  Relative  Pronouns: 
quTcunque,  quaecunque,  qModcunque|  whoever,  loMch- 
quisquTs,  quidquld  ^  ever,  xohatever 

are  declined  in  the  same  manner  as  the  simple 
words;  cunque  is  invariable;  of  quisquis  both  parts 
are  dechned,  but  it  is  generally  used  in  these  two 
forms  only:  quisquTs,  tvhoever;  quidquld,  whatever. 


\ 


migrans,  ^tis,  migratory 
appelljiro,  to  call 
(iPnilgnlrg  in,  to  remove  to 
Idem  quT,  the  same  as 
^gens,  -tls,  needy 
dorraire,  to  sleep 


r^creare,  to  refresh 

sors,  -tls,  a  lot 

contentus,  -a,  -um,  contented, 

satif<Jied 
pracstans,  -tis,  excellent 
novi  (lit.  of  new),  news 


ddulescens,  -tis,  a  young  man,  a  youth-,  ivhen  a  youth 

Animal,  quod  sanguTncm  habet,  cor  habet.  Aves  migrantes 
appelamus  oas,  quae  auctumno  et  vere  in  alias  tcrra^  demi- 
giaiit  Ka  animaliaceleria  sunt,  quibus  suntlonga  crura.  Lepo- 
re>  habent  binas  aures,  quae  capite  longiOres  sunt.  Idem  dies 
qui  finis  est  hujus  vitae,  est  initlum  vitae  aeternae.  Nemo 
nostrum  idem  est  in  senectQte,  qui  fuit  adulescens.  Id  quo3 
Set  O  r  ^^"^Pf  J-"^'^""^  ^^^t.  Egens  is  est,  qui  non  satis 
habet.  Qui  nomen  bonum  contemnit,  virtutem  contemnit.  Quid 


-^    109    — 

est  dulcTus  quam  mel  ?  Quod  metallum  est  utilissTmum?  Homo, 
qui  dormit,  curis  et  doloribus  liber  est.  Somnus  recreat  eos, 
qui  fessi  sunt  laboribus.  Felix  est,  qui  sua  sorte  contentus  est. 
^'on  qui  plurimum  habet,  sed  qui  minimum  desiderat,  divitis- 
sTmus  est.  Quid  est  optabilius  sapientla  ?  quid  praestantTus  ? 
quid  bomini  melius?  Quidquid  discis,  discis  tibi,  non  prae- 
ceptori.     Quod  malum  gravius  est  bello  ?     Quid  est  novi  ? 


to  sing 


ita,  est,  (so  it  is)  yes 
canere       j 
cantarc     j 

omnia,  all  ihingsj  every  thing 
praeditus,     -a,     -um,     en- 
dowed 


88.  ambulare,  to  icalk 
fertills,  -e,  fe7Hlle 
quoque,  also 
duleisslme,  my  dear 
interest  inter  (with  accus.), 
the)'e  IS  a  difference  hrfirren 

The  great  river  which  you  see,  is  the  Ehine.  The  fields 
through  which  we  are  walking,  arc  very  fertile.  (He)  who  con- 
quers himself,  is  a  brave  man.  (He)  who  always  carries  all  his 
property  with  him,  is  not  wise.  Happy  is  the  teacher  whom  all 
(his)  scholars  love.  All  animals  which  have  blood,  have  also 
hearts.  Those  who  are  most  faithful  to  th(3ir  friends,  are  most 
dear  to  us.  What  animal  has  greater  strength  than  the  elephant? 
What  are  you  writing,  my  dear  ?  A  letter.  What  book  are  you 
reading?  AVhat  is  more  excellent  than  virtue?  What  is  the 
difference  between  the  good  and  the  wicked?  In  yonder  trees, 
which  adorn  the  neighbor's  garden,  there  are  many  birds  sing- 
ing.  The  songs  which  we  hear,  are  pleasant  to  us.  Pray,  what 
are  you  doing,  my  dear?  Are  you  writing?  Yes,  I  am  writing 
a  letter  to  my  friend.  There  is  a  God  in  Heaven  who  sees  every 
thing.     Those  who  are  endowed  with  virtue,  are  alone  rich. 


89.  allquTs,  aliqua,  aliquld,  aliquod,  some,  some  one 

Singular. 


m. 

/. 

Nom 

a'  11  quis 

a'  11  qua 

a'  11  quid 

Gen 

a  li  cu' jus 

a  li  err  jus 

a  li  cu' jus 

Dat 

a'  11  cul 

a'  li  cul 

a'  li  cul 

Ace 

a'  11  qu6m 

a'  11  quam 

a'  li  quid 

Voc 

—• 

— 

___ 

Acl. 

a'  li  quo 

a'  li  qua 

5,'  li  quo 

n. 


a'  li  quod 


a'  li  quod 


—    110    — 


Gen.  a  li  quo'  rilm 

Dat  a  li'  qui  bus 

Ace.  a'  li  quos 
Voc.  _ 

Abl.  a  II'  qui  bus 


Plural. 
a'  IT  quae 
a  11  qua'  rum 
a  li'  qui  bus 
a'  IT  quas 


a'  11  qua 
a  IT  quo'  rum 
a  \V  quT  bus 
a'  li  qua 


a  IT'  quT  bus  a  IT'  qui  bus 


quldam,  quaedam,  qulddam,  quoddam,  some  one,  a  certain  one 

Singular. 


771. 

Norn  qui'  (jam 

Gen.  cu  jus' dam 

Dat.  CUT'  dam 

Ace.  quen'  dam 
Voc.  _ 

Abl.  qu(V  dam 


Nonn.  qui'  dam 
Cien.    (|uo  run'  dam 
Dat.     qui  bus'  dam 
Ace.     quos'  dam 
Voc.  — 

Abl.     qui  bus'  dam 


/ 

quae'  dam 

en  jus'  dam 
cur  dam 
quan'  dam 

qua'  dam 

Plural, 
quae'  dam 
qua  run' dam 
qui  bus' dam 
quas'  dam 


n. 


quid'  dam 
cu  jus' dam 
cui'  dam 
quid'  dam 

quO'  dam 


quae'  dam 
quo  run'  dam 
qui  bus'  dam 
quae'  dam 


quod'  diim 


quod'  dam 


quTbus'dam        quT  bus' dam 


In  the  declension  of  quidrim,  m  passes  into  n  be- 
lore  d,  as:  quendam,  etc. 

1.  The  following  are  Indefinite  Pronouns: 

allquTs,  mmeone,  anyone,  alTquid,  something,  any  thina 
aliquis,  allqua,  aliquod,  some,  any  ^ 

something  -  as  an  adjective:  a  certain,  some 
quispiam,  some  one,  any  one,  quidpTam,  something,  any  thina 
quispTam,  quaopTam,  quodpTam,  some,  any  ^        ^ 

quisquam,  anyone,  quidquam,  any  thing  (In  negative  sentences) 
quisque  quaequ^  quidque,  quodque,  each  one,  e^er^  onf-- as  2 

ac^ective;  each  ^  ^^  ^" 


—    Ill    — 

quTvIs,  quaevis,  quidvis,  quodvis  ^   any  one,  any  thing  you 

quTlIbf^,  quaolibet,  (luidlTl^ot,  quodlTbet   f      please 

—  as  an  adjective:  any,  any  one  you  please. 

unusquisqur',  unaquaequc,  uniimquidque,  uniimquodque,  each 
one,  every  one  —  as  an  adjective:  each.  It  is  used  only  in  the 
singular,  and  ])oth  unus  and  quisqu^  are  declined:  gen.  unius- 
CLij usque,  dat.  uiiicuuiuc,  and  so  on. 

They  are  all  declined  like  the  Interrogatives,  ex- 
cept alTquTs,  which  has  in  the  feminine  singuhar  and 
the  neuter  plural  alTqua.  They  take  quid  in  the 
neuter,  when  used  substantively,  and  quod,  when 
used  adjectively;  quisquam,  anij  one,  is  almost  al- 
v/ays  a  substantive,  and  used  in  negative  sentences. 

The  prefix  TilT  in  aliquis  and  its  derivatives  is 
generally  rejected,  when 

si,  if,  ne,  lest,  nisT,  if  not,  num,  whether,  quo,  the, 
precede,  as:  si  qua  sede  sedes,  if  you  sit  on  a  seat. 

2.  The  following  are  Indefinite  Adjectives: 


ulliis,  -a,  -iiin,  ayiy 
null  us,  -a,  -lim,  no 
nonnuUiis,  -S,  -uiii,  some 


alTiis,  -3,,  -iid,  another 

alter,  -3,,  -um,  the  other  (of  two) 

neuter,  -ra,  -rum,  neither 


To  ullus  and  nullus  the  corresponding  nouns  are: 
nem5(-mis),  nobody,  and  nihil  (indeclinable),  nothing. 
(For  the  declension  of  the  Indeiinite  Adjectives  see  71.) 

Mark  the  following  Pronominal  Adjectives: 

Demonstrative.  Relative, 

talis,  -e,  such  qualTs,  -€,  such  as 

tantiis,  -a,  -um,  so  great  quantus,  -a,  -iim,a5  great 

tot,  so  many  quot,  as  many  as 


—    112   — 


con- 


Interrogative.  Indelinite. 

qnalTs,  -e?  what?  of  what  sort?  ullquantus,  -a,  -uni,  some 

quantiis,  -a,  -uin?  hoic  great?  siderahJe                          ' 

quot?  how  many?  uliquut,  some 

Of  these  tot,  quot,  alTqiiot  are  iiulecliiiable,  the 
rest  are  declined  like  adjectives.  They  are  called 
Correlatives,  when  used  in  pairs,  so  that  one  refers  or 
answers  to  the  other,  as: 


tails  .  .  .  qnfilTs,  such  .  .  .  as;  Hh> . 
tantus  .  .  .  (|iiantus,  ,90  great .  .  .  as 
tot .  .  .  quot,  so  many .  .  .  as 


like 


4.  The  neuters  tantum,  so  much,  quantum,  how 
much,  alTquantum,  somewhat,  multum,  much,  nihil, 
nothing^  quid,  alTquTd,  somefhing,  anything,  are  used 
as  nouns  and  followed  by  the  genitive,  as:  quantum 
voluptatTs?  hoio  much  (of )  pleasure? 


praobere,  to  give 
natlO,  -oiiTs,  a  nation 


Oviiiii,  -T,  an  egg 


taiiuiuam,  so  to  speak 
alter  Tdeni,  another  self 
^   ^  insitfis,  -a,  -fini,  inborn 

Ulcere,  to  say  (,„ao,  those  things  ichich 

aiitem  (follows  the  word  which    docere,  to  teach,  instruct 

It  connects),  hut  c  (with  abl.  and  only  before  con- 

molestia,  -ae,  trouble  sonants),  of 

antea,  before  elTgere,  to  pick  out 

^  Quantum  voluptatis  virtus  praobot!  Quacdam  nntioncs 
piscTbus  et  ovis  avium  vivunt.  8ui  cimiuc  mores  maxTme 
placent.  Suae  quisque  faber  est  tbrtnuao.  Suum  culque!  Stul- 
torum  mos  est,  quidm)et  dicere.  Quo  quis  est  melior,  eo  mo- 
destior  est.  Quot  arbnres  sunt  in  horto  vestro?  UnicuTque 
pi^ritia  turpis  est,  maxTme  autem  adulescentTbus.  Quodvis 
animal  sensus  habet.  Cujusvis  homlnis  vita  quasdam  mole- 
stias  habet.  Qualis  nunc  est  valetudo  tua  ?  Talis  nunc  est, 
quahs  erat  antea:  nequo  melTor,  noque  pojor  est.    Verus  amicus 


—   113   — 

est  tamquam  alter  idem.  Culquc  nostrum  amor  vitae  insTtus 
est.  Quot  sunt  homines,  tot  sunt  sententiae.  Quae  nocent, 
decent.  E  duobus  malis  minus,  c  duobus  vitiis  neutrum  elige. 
Quidquid  honestum  est,  utile  est.     Qualis  rex,  talis  grex. 

90.  unquam,  ever  pertinere  ad,  to  belong  to     [ration 

quaerere,  to  look  out  for    humanitas,  -atis,  humanity]  culti- 

There  are  some  animals  which  live  only  one  day.  As  is 
the  master,  so  are  the  scholars.  The  beauty  of  the  sun  is  to- 
day as  great,  as  it  has  ever  been.  How  great  is  the  power  of 
conscience !  Youth  is  a  certain  part  of  life.  (He)  who  teaches, 
learns.  The  master  gives  to  each  of  the  boys  a  beautiful 
book.  Children  are  not  always  such  as  their  parents  are. 
My  troubles  are  not  so  great  now  as  they  were  before.  I  write 
this  letter  to  some  one  of  my  friends.  Of  what  sort  is  our 
mind?  The  manners  of  some  young  men  are  not  pleasing  to 
us.  Every  body  looks  out  for  his  own  profit.  Certain  animals 
have  a  very  long  life.  Every  body  loves  his  parents,  and  to 
every  body  his  i)arents  are  dear.  All  the  arts  which  })elong 
to  cultivation,  have  a  certain  common  bond. 


01.      The  following  Prepositions  are    used  with  the 
Accusative: 


ad,  to,  at,  toward 

adversils,     adversum,    against, 

toward 
ant(^,  before 
apud,  at,  with,  near 
circa,  circum,  around 
circiter,  about,  near 
CIS,  citra,  on  tliis  side  of 
contra,  against,  opposite  to 
erga,  toward,  urito 
extra,  ivithout,  beyond 
infra,  under,  beneath 
int^r,  between,  among 
intra,  within 
juxta,  near,  beside 


ob,  for,  on  account  of 

penes,  in  the  poicer  of 

per,  through,  by,  during 

pone,  behind 

post,  ajter,  behind 

praeter,  j^ast,  beside,  except 

prope,  near 

propter,  on  account  of,  close  by 

secundum,  after,  next  to,  accord- 
ing to,  along 

supra,  above 

trans,  across,  over,  beyond 

ultra,  beyond,  on  the  further 
side  of,  past 

versus,  toward 


—    lU   — 

versus,  toward,  follows  its  ca«e,  as:  orientem  versus, 
toward  the  east. 

m*<]rrare,  to  migrate^  remove  Txllt,  digs 

navlt^atlo,  -oiiTs,  a  sailing  puti'us,  -i,  a  icell 

ambulatio,    oiiis,  a  icalk  inr'tii.s,  -lis,  fear 

se  convert  ere,  to  turn  sT,  it]  when 

sen'Tius,  -3,,  -liiii,  Jai7%  dear  viilere,  to  he  well 

\m\H'i'iiun,  -1,  empire  (over)  tenr-brae    ilruin,  darkness 

curare,  to  attend  to  prOiius,  -a,  -iiiii,  prone 

With  ImjX'rativos  m"  must  be  used  for  not^  as:  ne  crede  men- 
daci,  do  not  believe  a  liar. 

Caelum,  non  animuni  mutant,  (|ui  trans  mare  migrant.  Ju- 
eundissTma  navigatlo  juxta  torrani,  aml)idatTo  juxta  mare. 
Terra  circiim  axem  sc  convert  it.  Omnia  animalia  secundum 
Tiaturam  vivunt.  Intra  lunain  omnia  sunt  cadilca.  Yenit  post 
pluvTas  una  serena  dies.  Penes  J)eum  imperlum  totlus  mundi 
est.  Sui)ra  iios  multitudlnem  stellarum  videnius.  Pauci  ho- 
mines supra  nonaginta  annos  vivunt.  Non  utilis  est  somnus 
post  coenam.  Ante  meridiem  curamus  negotla  m)stra,  post 
meridiem  aml)ulamus  per  prata  et  silvas.  Juxta  tluvium  pu- 
teum  fodit  stultus.  Propter  metum  multi  homines  leglbus  pa- 
rent. Pueri  si  valent,  ultra  septem  boras  ne  dormiunto.  Post 
tenebras  lux!  Juniores  ad  labores!  Homines  divltes  prope 
urbem  magniflcas  villas  halu^nt.  Homines  pronidres  sunt  ad 
voluptatem  quam  ad  virtQtem.     Sieilla  contra  Itallam  sita  est. 

02.  volare,  to  flu  niniioculus,  -a,  -fun,  one-eyed 

vohmtiis,  iitis,  thegood-ivill  caeciis,  -a,  -uiii,  blind 

fulu'ere,  to  shine  res    doinestTctl     (-ei    -ae),    a 

natiir?,  to  swim  household  thing 

The  birds  are  th  ing  through  the  air.  The  girl  is  calling 
the  children  to  dinner.  Against  death  we  have  no  weapons. 
Children  shall  be  thankful  unto  their  parents  and  teachers. 
Sailing  near  the  shore  is  dangerous.  Physicians  have  reme- 
dies against  diseases;  against  death  they  have  no  remedy. 
Your  good-will  toward  me,  and  mine  toward  you  are  equal. 
Roses    shine    among    lilies.      There    is    a  great    variety   of 


—   115   — 

languages  among  men.  During  night  wc  sec  the  stars.  There 
were  many  holidays  with  the  Romans.  Fish  swim  throuo-h 
the  water.  Among  the  blind  the  one-eyed  is  king.  To  live 
according  to  nature  is  the  best  life,  but  many  men  live  against 
nature.  The  teacher  praises  these  scholars  on  account  ol'^their 
diligence;  he  blames  those  on  account  of  their  laziness.  The 
women  commonly  attend  to  the  houses  and  household  thino-s 
the  men  to  the  occupations  without  the  house.  "^  ' 

9J.  The   following  Prepositions   are   used   with    the 
Ablative: 

?,     }  ^  ^Sj  ff^omy  down  from,  concern- 

ab   yfrom,  away  from  ing 

^^^  '  6,  ex,  from,  out  of 

absque,  ivWiout,  hut  for  prae,  for,  before,  in  compart- 

clam,  without  the  knowledge  of        son  ivith 
coram,  in  presence  of  pro,  for,  instead  of 

^™^  ^^*^^i  sine,  without 

tenus,  as  far  as,  up  to 

The  Prepositions  a  and  e  are  used  only  before 
consonants;  ab  and  ex  before  vowels  and  li,  some- 
times also  before  consonants,  and  abs  before  te,  thee, 
thus:  abs  te,  from  thee;  tenus,  up  to,  is  placed 'after 
its  case,  as:  pectoribus  tenus,  up  to  the  breast. 

decunls,  -a,  -urn,  glorious  impudens,  -tis,  impudent 

^'^\~^^'  «^^«i/  gratia, -ae,  thanks 

laudabilis,  -e,  ijraiseworthy         verum,  hut  even 
aegrotans,  -tis,  diseased  transitfis,  -ils,  a  passage 

hberarS,  to  (set)  free,  deliver       delTberare,  to  deliberate 

tollere,  to  take  away 

Magna  cum  voluptate  avium  cantum  audimus.  Sine  virtiite 
nemo  beatus  est.  Tuti  estis,  si  Deus  est  vobiscum.  Mors  pro 
patria  decora  est.  Nunquam  tuti  lusus  cum  leonibus  fuerunt 
Sine  virtute  nihil  est  laudabHe.  Jucundum  milii  est  cum  ami- 
CIS  per  campos  et  silvas  ambularc.  Mors  aegrotantes  ab  omni- 
bus malis  Iiberat.  Impudens  est,  qui  pro  beneficio  non  gratiam 


—  no  — 

verum  morcCMlcm  postulat.  Xihil  ex  omnTlms,  quae  vidOmu?, 
maiiet.  Facilior  est  a  virtute  transitiis  ad  vitia,  quam  a  vitlis 
ad  virtutem.  Homini  cum  Deo  siniilitudo  est.  Cum  amico  do 
minimis  maximisque  rel)us  deliberamus.  Plus  a  medico  quam 
a  morbo  pericilli.  Si  Deus  nobiscum  est,  quis  erit  contra  nos? 
Solem  e  nmndo  tollunt,  qui  amicitiam  c  vita  tolhint.  E  pluri- 
bus  unum. 


OJ:,  Atlaiiticiis,    -il,    -uiu,    At- 
lantic 
divider^,  to  aeparate 
moii,  t(>  die 
dubluiii,  -1,  a  dnuht 
l>Te3,,  -lie,  the  mafjpii' 
certare,  to  compete 


ut .  .  .  sic,  as  .  .  .  so 
culture,  -ae,  culture 
non  est,  there  is  no 
tiiticiini,  -i,  icheat 
inilT'S,,  -ae,  chaff 
dlmlalrC,  to  fight 
congruerC,  to  agree 


No  man's  lite  is  without  pain.  The  Atkintic  ocean  separates 
America  from  Europe.  It  is  sweet  and  glorious  to  die  for  (one's) 
country.  Without  doubt  virtue  is  more  excellent  than  gold. 
To  fly  without  wings  is  not  easy.  The  magpie  is  competing 
with  the  nightingale.  As  a  field  without  culture,  so  is  the 
mind  without  learning.  There  is  no  wheat  without  chalT.  The 
citizens  fight  tor  their  country,  fu*  freedom,  and  the  laws.  De- 
liver me  from  a  bad  man,  from  myself!  (Out )  of  all  the  animals 
which  live  with  us,  dogs  arc  the  most  faithful.  Nobody  lives 
without  the  help  of  God.  The  deeds  of  men  do  not  always 
agree  with  their  words.  Notliing  witlKnit  great  labor  I  Peace 
(be)  with  you!  Witliout  virtue  there  is  no  friendship.  A  dog 
is  small  in  comparison  with  an  elephant,  and  large  in  com- 
parison with  a  mouse. 


95.   Prepositions  witli  the  Accusative  and  Ablative: 
in,  with  the  accusative: 

1.  into,  on,  to,  answering  to  the  question:  ivhiiher? 


2.  ar/ainst. 


^   IIT   — 

in  with  the  ablative:  m,  07i,  answering  to  the  ques- 
tion: where  P 

mh,  with  the  accusative: 

1.  under,  answering  to  the  question:   iclilther? 

2.  toward,  about,  in  approximative  statements  of 
time,  as:  siTib  hiemeni,  toivard  winter. 

siil),  with  the  ablative:  under,  answering  to  the  (ques- 
tion: where? 

super,  wdth  the  accusative:  ahove,  over;  with  the  ab- 
lative :  concern ing, 

subter,   with  the  accusative:  under,  heneath,  answer- 
ing to  both  questions  icliither  and  where? 
preposition  seldom  occurs  with  the  ablali\ 
is  generally  little  used. 


This 
and 


mitis,  -e,  mild 

acles,  -ei,  the  (line  of)  battle 

V(^nCnuni,  -i,  ajx/ison 


latere,  to  be  concealed 
rupes,  -is,  a  rock 
cantans,  -tls,  singing 
laudans,  -tis,  prai6'i/if; 


fluSrS,  to  flow 
caelum,  -i,  the  open  sky 
habit  are,  to  dwell,  lodge 
allGnus,  -a,  -fiiu,  of  others 
terguui,  -i,  the  back;  a  tergO, 

behind 
California,  -ae,  California 

evularS,  to  fly  up 

Multae  aves  ante  hiemem  in  calidiores  regidnes  migrant. 
Non  omnes  res  videmus,  quae  sub  oculos  nostros  veniunt. 
Non  omnes  fluvTi  qui  in  liac  terra  sunt,  in  oceanum  Huunt.  Sub 
caelo  vivere  militibus  molestum  non  est.  Quaedam  bestiae  sub 
terra,  pisces  in  aqua  habitant.  In  hortis  variae  arbores  et  varii 
flores  sunt.  In  California  hiems  mitior  est  quam  apud  nos.  Sub 
terra  est  magna  rerum  utilium  multitudo.  Praeter  horti  nostri 
murum  rivus  fluit.  Aer  in  monte  purissTmus  et  saluberrimus 
est.  Aliena  vitia  in  oculis  habemus,  a  tergo  nostra  sunt.  In 
hoc  mundo  omnia  mortalTa  sunt  praeter  aminos  hominum.  Nihil 
sub  sole  novi !  Non  sentTunt  viri  fortes  in  acTe  vulnera.  Sub 
melle  venena  latent.     Aquilae  nidos  in  altis  rupTbus  habent, 


—    118    — 

hirundincs  sub  tectis  domorum.  Homo  doctus  in  sc  semper 
divitias  habet.  Cantantes  ct  Doum  laiidantes  alaudae  in  aera 
evulant.     In  primis  nummis  imago  crat  pecudis. 

Mel  in  ore,  ver])a  lactis, 

Fcl  in  corde,  fraus  in  factisi 

00.  triiere,  io  hold  mhuerC^  to  remain 

lin-ua,  -ae,  the  tonfjue  surdldiis,  -a,  -fim,  shabby 

dfl)ere,    to    oice;    debeO,    /    pallloluni,  -i,  a  coat 
ought,  7nusty  should  rOijerg,  to  creep 

condere,  to  hide 
Bonoatli  tlie  eartli  there  are  many  useful  things.  I  hold  a 
letter  in  my  hands.  Over  our  heads  there  are  numberless  stars. 
AVar  is  oflen  eoneealed  under  the  name  of  peace.  Where  are 
the  boys?  They  are  walking  in  the  garden.  It  is  not  pleasant 
to  all  to  live  in  the  city.  The  nightingale  does  not  always 
remain  in  the  same  land.  Death  is  shameful  in  flight,  glorious 
in  victory.  Toward  winter  many  birds  migrate  into  other 
lands.  In  a  free  state  the  tongue  ought  to  be  free,  and  the 
mind.  Nobody  should  be  a  witness  in  his  own  cause.  There  is 
often  wisdom  under  a  shabby  coat.  An  upright  life  is  the  road 
into  Heaven.  Birds  tly  under  the  clouds,  fish  swim  in  the  water 
and  worms  creep  upon  the  earth.  Many  ])irds  hide  their  heads 
under  their  wings,  when  they  sleep.  There  is  nothing  new 
under  the  moon.  Even  under  a  golden  roof  there  lodgeslcare. 
Nothing  in  man  is  so  frail  as  memory. 

97.  1.  Primitive  Adverbs  express  the  most  general 
eirciimstances  which  usually  modify  the  meaning  of 
verbs,  and  answer  to  the  questions:  how?  lohen? 
where?  whither?     :Mark  the  followino-; 


J 


ubu  where 

Ibi,  there 

satis  (sat),  enough 

valdO,  very  much,  very 
unquam,  ever 
nurKjuam,  never 
delnd^,  next 


dtn,  for  a  long  time 


tiim,  then 
postr^a,  afterwards 
deniquO,  finally 
hodle,  to-day 
eras,  to-morroio 
quotannls,  every  year 
saepe,  oflen 


—    119    — 


" 


vita  jQcunda,  a  pleasant  life 
actl6  hOnesta,  an  honest  deed 
Oratio  pulchra,  a  fine  speech 
vita  misera,  a  wretched  life 


jiieunde  vivo,  I  live  pleasantly 
h5neste  ago,  /  act  honestly 
pulchre  dico,  I  speak  finely 
mis6re  vivo,  /  live  wretchedly 


2.  The  majority  of  Derivative  Adverbs  are  formed 
from  adjectives  in  the  following  manner:  Adjectives 
of  the  First  and  Second  Declensions  (ending  in  iis 
and  ^r)  form  the  adverb  by  changing  the  genitive 
ending  i  into  e. 

Adverb, 
lente,  slowly,  leisurely 
recte,  rightly,  correctly 
llbere,  freely 
pulchre,  finely 

bonus,  good,  makes  bene,  well;    maliis,  bad,    makes 
male,  badly. 

3.  Adjectives  of  the  Third  Declension  form  their 
adverbs  in  ter,  changing  the  genitive  ending  is  into 
it^r;  only  those  in  ns,  change  the  genitive  ending  is 
into  ^r: 


Nominative. 

Genitive. 

lentils,  slow 

lent! 

rectus,  right 

recti 

liber,  free 

llberi 

pulchc^r,  fine 

pulchri 

Nominative. 

Genitive. 

Adverb. 

eeler,  fast 

celeris 

c^lfTiter,  fast 

M\x,  happy 

ftllcis 

ft^llciter,  happily 

fortis,  brave 

fortis 

fortiter,  bravely 

libens,  willing 

in)entis 

libenter,  willingly 

patiens,  patient 

patientis 

patienter,  patiently 

dlligens,  careful 

diligentis 

dllTgonter,  carefully 

elegans,  elegant 

dlOgantis 

el^ganter,  elegantly 

4.  Sometimes  particular  cases  of  adjectives  supply 

the  regular  adverbs.  Such  are: 

rarO,  rarely  impung,  with  impunity 

tuto,  safely  e6t6rum,  for  the  rest 

eitO,  quickly,  soon  nimis,  nimlum,  too  much 

tacll^,  easily  primum,  first 

di3icil6,  with  difficulty  tantum,  only 


—    120    -^ 

5.  Adverbs  derived  from  adjectives  are  generally 
compared  like  tlieir  primitives.  Their  comparative 
is  like  the  neuter  comparative  of  the  adjective;  the 
superlative  is  formed  from  the  superlative  of  the  ad- 
jective by  changing  fis  into  e.     Examples: 

Superlative. 


Positive, 
clarr',  hriijhtly 

\m\i\  well 
lacilr*,  easili/ 


Comparative, 
clarlus,  more  brightly     clarissTmC,  most 

brightly 
mr'lTus,  better 

faclllus,  more  easily 


optima,  best 
lacilllm?,  most  easily 


carefully 
patlentissTin^,  most 
patiently 


i\iUi;tmtvr,  carefully     am^ontms,  more  carC'    dllTirentissTm^    most 

fully 
patlenter,  j^dHently      patientlus,  more  pa- 

tiently 

Notice  also  the  following: 

ilTfi,  ftr  a  long  time     diutlus,  longer 
sacpr,  qrlen  saopTus,  oftener 

prnpr,  near  pmpTus,  nearer 


(liutissTm{^,  very  long 
saopissTm?,  oflenest 
I)roxim?,  nearest 


t).  Tiie  adverb  usually  precedes  the  word  it  limits, 
but  fere,  (ilmost^  stands  between  the  adjective  and  the 
noun,  as:  onuies  fere  homines,  almost  all  men. 


navtiiiire,  to  sail 
vrruin,  -T,  the  truth 
anipliils,  further 
putrldus,  -a,  -uiii,  rotten 


reg^r?,  to  govern 
amitt^rg,  to  lose 
tamr'n,  hoiverer 
judTcare,  to  judge 


Non  satis  c^t  vivere,  debemus  bene  viverc.  Soncs  raro 
vitaiii  mutant.  Tuto  navi^ramus,  si  marc  tranquillum  est. 
Boni  i)urri  ])raocopta  parentum  ct  magistrorum  dibVenter  ob- 
servant. Vitate  pnidenter  pericilla.  Modestia  puerum  valdc 
ornat.  Bis  dat,  qui  cito  dat.  rulchrum  est  verum  dicere, 
pulchrlus  est  libenter  audlre.  Domus  hominum  divitum  ele- 
ganter  ornatae  sunt.  Ubi  libcrtas,  ibi  patria.  Yerbum  sa- 
pienti  sat.      Nunquam  alTud  natura,   aliud  sapientia  dicit. 


, 


—    121    — 

AmplTus  oculis  quam  aurTlnis  crcdmius.  Cito  maturum,  cito 
putridum.  Ubi  cadaver,  ibi  et  erunt  aquTlae.  Deus  mundum 
sapicntissTme  regit.  Yitam  tuam  non  minus  patriae  quam 
parcntibus  dcbes.  Homo  immum  infans  est,  deinde  puer,  tum 
juvenis,  postea  vir,  denlquc  sencx.  Cervi  coniila  quotannis 
amittunt.  Saepissime  filii  patribus  similes  sunt,  saepc  etiam  me- 
liores,  multo  tamen  saeplus  pejores.  De  aliorum  vitlis  etvirtu- 
tll3us  rectlus  quam  de  nostris  judicamus.  Hodle  mihi,  eras  tibi. 

OS.  civis,  -   a  fellow-citizen  lacrima,  -ae,  a  tear 

currSre,  to  run  arescere,  to  dry 

falco,  -oiiis,  the  hawk  it^rum,  a  secortd  time 

negl^gere,  to  neglect  acantliis,  -idis,  a  goldfinch 

To  live  well  is  to  live  happily.  Camels  endure  thirst  more 
patiently  than  horses.  My  brother  was  longer  in  Italy  than  in 
Spain.  You  do  not  write  well,  my  son,  you  must  write  much 
better.  Fight  bravely,  fellow-citizens,  you  are  fighting  for  your 
country.  Stags  run  faster  than  dogs.  Hawks  fly  very  swift 
and  very  high.  Why  do  you  run  so  fast,  my  children?  Why 
do  you  not  walk  more  leisurely?  We  never  neglect  virtue  with 
impunity.  It  is  easy  to  write,  but  it  is  not  easy  to  write  well. 
Good  children  obey  most  willingly  (to)  their  parents'  wish. 
A  sick  person  should  carefully  observe  his  physician's  precepts. 
Avaricious  men  commonly  live  worse  than  poor  men.  A  tear 
dries  soon.  Nothing  dries  sooner  than  a  tear.  Dogs  run  fast, 
hares  run  faster,  stags  run  the  fastest.  You  must  write  this  letter 
a  second  time,  my  son.  The  lark  sings  more  sweetly  than  the 
goldfinch,  but  of  all  birds  the  nightingale  sings  most  sweetly. 


99.  et 


qu6 
atqu6 


ac 


also 


and 


6tlam 
qu6qu6 

nf  <l"^  I  and  not 
n6c      i 


6t .  .  ^t,  both  .  .  and  tum  .  .  tum,  not  only  .  .  but 

n6qu6  .  .  nequ6 )   ^^.^;^^^    ^  ^^^       also;while      so  too 
nSc  .  .  nee         i  non  modo  .  .  sed  etiam,  not  only 

.  .  but  also  [.  .  but  also 


m6d5 .  .  modo,  now  .  .  now 


I. 


nunc .  .  nunc,  now 


now 


nOn  tantum . .  s6d  ^tismijnotonly 


122   — 


at  que,  cnid,  is  used  before  vowels  and  consonants;  ac, 
and,  is  used  before  consonants  only,     que,  and, 
is  appended  to  its  word,    as:    pater  filiusque,' 
father  and  son. 


vel   ) 

aiit .  .  aut  )  ^.,j 

,,        ..J.  either .  .  or 
vel .  .  vel   ) 


V(5 


I 


or 


sTv?  (seu)   f 

sive .  .  slv6,  whether .  .  or 


aut,  or,  excludes  the  alternative;  vel  or  ve  gives  a 
choice;  ve  is  affixed  to  another  word,  as:  plus 
minusve,  ?nore  or  k^s. 


verum 
verO 

aut  em 


1^  but 


at,  hiity  on  the  contrary 
tam^n,  ijet 
cGterum,  but  still 
atqul,  but  rather 


autem^and  vero  are  placed  after  the  first  word,  as: 
hic  autem  vir,  bat  this  man. 


nam    ) 


eulm   j 


c  PT^ 


quia,  because 
diim,  while 
tarn  .  .  quam,  as  well .  .  as 


enim  is  placed  after  the  first  word,  as:  hic  enim  vir, 
for  this  man. 


pluvlus,  -jI,  -um,  rainy 
Africa,  -ae,  Africa 


igna\iis,  -S,  -um,  sluggish 
sedulltas,  -atis,  industry 


caprea,  -ae,  a  (wild)  goat,  roe     nObilis,  -€,  noble 


ursfis,  -1,  a  bear 
terrere,  to  frighten 
possulere,  to  j^^ossess 
deserere,  to  desert 
dOsIuere,  to  cease 
accedere  ad,  to  go  near 


igiiubllis,  -g,  ignoble 
cuprum,  -1,  copper 
argentiim  vivum  (-i-i),  quick- 
silver 
tyrannus,  -i,  a  tyrant 
suspectus,  -a,  -ilm,  suspected 


The  ablative  expresses  that  by  which  any  thing  is  or  is  done,  as: 
Concordia  res  parvae  crescunt,  by  union  small  endeavors  grow. ' 


i' 


«i 


—    123    — 

Florcs  noil  taiitiim  pulchritudiiie,  sed  ctiam  odore  tsuavi  ho- 
mines delect  ant.  Justitiam  cxcrcere  debemus  turn  factis,  turn 
verbis.  Aer  nunc  pluvlus  est,  nunc  serenus.  Justitia  virtus  est, 
omnTuiu  virtutum  domiiia  ct  reglna.  In  Africa  nee  apri,  nee 
cervi,  iiec  capreae,  iiec  ursi  sunt.  Sapientcni  ncquc  paupcrtas, 
nequc  mors,  neque  vincula  torrent.  Avarus  iionpossTdet  diviti- 
as,  sed  divitiac  possTdcnt  cum.  Is  nunquam  amicus  tuus  fuit, 
ipii  te  deserit,  quia  vera  amicitia  nunquam  desinit.  Dum  stulti 
A'itaiit  vitia,  in  contraria  currunt.  Acccditc  ad  apes  ct  forniT- 
cas,  ignavi,  ct  discTte  sediilitatem.  Metalla  sunt  vel  nobilia, 
vel  ignobilia.  No])ilia  metalla  sunt  argentum  atquc  aurum, 
ignoljilla  aes  seu  cuprum,  plumbum,  argentum  vivum.  Tyraii- 
nis  amici  quoque  suspccti  sunt.  Mors  tarn  juveni  ante  oculos 
esse  debet  quam  seni. 

100.  lupus,  -4  aivolf  persona,  -ae,  a  person 

superbirg  (with  ablat.),  to    peterg,  to  strive  for 


be  proud  of 
rOd^rS,  to  slander 
vIvGs,  -a,  -tim,  living 
mortutis,  -a,  -um,  dead 
Caesar,  -is,  Caesar 

corunare, 


Latintis,  -a,  -um,  Latin 
aequtis,  -a,  -iim,  level 
mOtiis,  -us,  motion 
salirS,  to  leap 
adjuvarfi,  to  help 
to  crown 


Several  animals  live  both  in  water  and  on  land.  Thief 
knows  thief,  and  wolf  knows  wolf.  Those  are  fools  who  are 
proud  of  beauty  or  wealth.  Envy  slanders  not  only  the  living, 
but  also  the  dead.  The  tiger  fears  neither  the  lion  nor  the 
elephant.  Either  Caesar,  or  nobody.  War  with  vices,  but  peace 
with  persons.  We  often  lose  certain  things,  while  we  strive  for 
uncertain  (ones).  The  Latin  poets  call  the  sea  ^^acquor," 
because  it  is  level.  The  motion  of  animals  is  difierent:  either 
they  walk  and  run,  or  they  fly,  or  they  swim.  The  rich  as  well 
as  the  poor  must  die.  While  the  cat  is  sleeping,  the  mice  leap. 
While  we  are  well,  we  easily  give  good  advice  to  the  sick.  Man 
is  to  man  either  a  god,  or  a  wolf.  Not  only  fortune  helps  the 
brave,  as  it  is  in  an  old  proverb,  but  much  more  reason.  I  shall 
praise  you,  my  son,  if  you  will  be  good  and  diligent.  The  end 
crowns  the  work. 


I 


—   125   — 


i 

1 


VOCABULARIES 

of  all  Latin  and  English  words  occurring  in  the   Eeading-Lessons,  Ex- 
amples, and  Exercises,  with  their  special  meanings  as  used  in  this  book. 

1.  LATIN  AND  ENGLISH  YOCABULARY. 

Note.  Changeable  parts  of  words  are  printed  in  bold-faced  type, 
so  as  to  indicate  the  manner  of  forming  the  genitive  and  the  gender  end- 
ings, and  to  show  the  infinitive  endings. 

The  -  simply  added  to  a  noun  indicates  that  the  genitive  is  like  the 
nominative. 

(m,),  (f.),  (n.),  (pi.)  mean:  masculine,  feminine,  neuter,  plural,  re- 
spectively. 

The  signs  of  quantity  are  given,  unless  the  syllable  is  long  by  position 
(i,  5),  or  contains  a  diphthong  (6*,  3). 


A. 

a  )  (with    ablat.),  from,    away 
al) )      from 

al)bas,  -iitis  (m.),  an  abbot 
ables,  -etis  (f.),  a  .silver  fir 
abs    (with    ablat.),  from,    away 
from  [for 

absque  (with  ablat.),  without^  but 
ac  (only  before  consonants),  and 
acantliis,  -idis  (f.),  a  goldfinch 
accederg  ad,  to  go  near 
acceptiis,  -a,  -iiiii,  agreeable 
accriratiis,  -S,  -iim,  accurate 
acer,  -ris,  -re,  sharp,  keen,pwn- 
acerbiis,  -a,  -iiiii,  bitter     [gent 
acerviis,  -i  (m.),  a  heap 
achates,  -ae  (m.),  the  agate 
Achilles,  -is  (m.),  Achilles 
acTes,  -ei  (f.),  the  (line  of)  battle 
actio,  -oiiis  (f.),  a  deed 
actfis,  -a,  -iiin,  finished 
acuere,  to  sharpen 
actts,  -us  (f.),  a  needle 
acutiis,  -3-,  -um,  sJiarp 


ad  (with  accus.),  at,  to,   with  re- 
gard to,  toward 
adamas,  -aiitis  (m.),  a  diamond 
addictiis,  -a,  -iini,  devoted 
adeps,  -ipis  (ni.),  lard,  fat 
adluic,  as  yet,  up  to  this  day  (time) 
adjuvare,  to  help 
admodum,  very 
adolescens,  -tis   (m.),    sec  adu- 

lesccns 
ador,  -is  (n.),  spelt 
adrdatio,  -ouis  [t),  flattery 
adulesccns,  -tis  (m.),  a  youth,  a 

young  man;  when  a  youth 
adultiis,  -a,  -iiin,  grown  up 
advcntiis,  -us  (m.),   a  coming, 

an  arrival 
adversiim,  advcrsus  (with  accus.), 

against,  toward 
adversus,  -a,  -uni,  adverse;  rCs 

adversae,  adversity 
acdif  icium,  -i  (n.),  a  building 
aeger,  -rS,,  -rflm,  siclc;  homo 

aegSr,  a  sick  person 
aegrotans,  diseased 


—    126    — 


I 


Aegyptus,  -i  (f.),  Egypt 
aeiiii,qna,  -tls  (n.),  a  riddle,  an 

enigma 
aequnr,  -is  (n.),  the  aea 
acHiuus,  -a,  -uiii,  level 
aer,  arris  (in.),  the  air 
aerai-Iuiii,  -i  (n.),  the  treasury 
aes,  acrls  (n.),  6ra.s\v,  copper 
aestas,  -atls  (f.),  //^e  siunnier 
aestlmatIO,  -oiils  (!'.),  a/i  estimate 
aestfis,  -uum  (pi.,  m.),  ^/^e  ^^'cZt^ 
aetas,  -atis  (f.),  a/i  «(/(; 
aeteniitas,  -alls,  (f.),  eternity 
aeteniGs,  -a,  -uin,  ^<er/2«/ 
aetlier,  -eris  (m.),  the  upper  air 
alllaere,  to  floiv 
Africa,  -ae  (f.),  yl/Wca 
aggr,  -ri  (m.),  afield 
ug^re,  /o  (Zo,  /o  rtc^ 
agger,  -is  (in.),  a  dike,  rampart 

agiius,  -i  (m.),  a  /«//i6 

agrlcOht,  -ae,   (m.),   a  farmer^ 
husbandman 

ala,  -ac  (f.),  a  it'i>?<7 

alacer,  -ris,  -re,  //rr??/,  r/ay 

idaiula,  -ae  (f.),  «  /arA; 

albfiS;  -a,  -iiin,  lulute 

ulCa,  -ac  (f.j,  a  cZic 

alC'C,  -is  (n.),  picA7(? 

Tilere,  to  feed 

Alexander,  -ri  (m.),  Alexander 

allOnus,  -a,  -iiiii,  of  others 

allquanlus,  -ii,  -uin,  some^  con- 
siderable; uliquantum,  some- 
tchat 

allqiiis,  alTqua,  alTquId,  aliquud, 
some  oncy  somcj  any  one; 
rdlquTd,  something^  any  thing 

aliqiiOt,  some 

alius,  -fi,  -iliu,  another;  alius  . . . 
alius,  one..,  another;  ulu,,. 


all!,  some. .  .others;  nihil  aliud 
quam,  nothing  else  than      [tar 
altare,  -is  (n.),  a  high  altar,  an  al- 
alter,  -a,  -fim,  second,  the  other 
(of  two)]  alter  et  vIcC'Slmus,  the 
twenty-second 
altCr  Idem,  another  self 
altiis,  -a,  -iiiii,  high 
alumnus,  -i  (m.),  a  pupil 
alviis,  -i  (!'.),  the  belly 
ainans,  loving 
amare,  to  love,  like 
amarus,  -d,  -iini,  bitter 
am  bo,  -ae,  -o,  both 
ambulare,  to  take  a  icalk,  to  icalk 
ambulatlo,  -ouis  (1.),  a  walk 
America,  -ae  (f.),  America 
Amc^rlcanQs,  -a,  -uiu,American 
amicltia,    -ae    (f.),     friendship 
amlcQs,  -i  (m.),  a  friend 
amicus,  -a,  -um,  friendly 
amittere,  to  lose 
amuis,  -  (m.),  a  river 
amoenGs,   -a,  -uin,    delightful, 

charming 
amdr,  -oris  (m.),  love 
ixn\\)\\\\s,  further 
amplQs,  -a,  -um,  roomy 
amussis,  -  (f.),  a  mason's  rule 
amphora,  -ae  (f.),  an  amjyhora 
anas,  -atis  (f.),  a  duck 
ancilia,  -ae  (f.),  a  servant-girl 
ancora,  -ae  (f.),  an  anchor    . 
Angllcus,  -a,  -um,  English 
angrilus,-i(m.),  an  angle,  a  corner 
angustiis,  -a,  -um,  narrow 
animai,  -alis  (n.),  an  animal 
aulmus,  -i  (m.j,  the  mind,  soul 
annalis,  -  (m.),  annals 
annCilus,  -T,  a  finger-ring 
annuntlarg,  to  announce 
aiuiOs,  -i  (m.),  a  year 


127 


ans5r,  -Is  (m.),  a  goose 
ante  (with  accus.),  before 
ant^a,  before 

antenna,  -ae  (f.),  a  sail-yard 

AntlOchus,  -i  (m.),  Antiochus 

antlqufls,  -a,  -um,  old,  ancient 

AntOnlus,  -i  (m.),  Anthony 

aniilfls,  -i  (m.),  a  finger-ring 

aper,  -ri  (m.),  a  wild  boar 

apis,  -  (t'.),  a  bee 

Apollo,  -iiiis  (m.),  Apollo 

appellarc,  to  call 

Aprllis,  -  (m.),  April 

apt  us,  -a,  -um  ad,  fit,  adapted, 
convenient,  fitted  for 

apild  (with  accus.),  with,  among, 
at,  near 

aqua,  -ae  (f.),  ivater 

aquaeductus,  -us  (m.),  an  aque- 
duct 

aquatlcus,  -a,  -um,  aquatic 

aqulia,  -ae  (f.),  an  eagle 

aqullo,  -onis  (m.),  the  Jiorth  wind 

ara,  -ae  (f.),  an  altar 

Aracline,  -es  (f.),  Arachnc 

ariire,  to  plow 

arator,  -oris  (m.),  a  plowman 

aratriim,  -i  (n.),  ajolow 

arbiter,  -ri  (m.),  an  arbiter 

arb5r,  -is  (f.),  a  tree 

arcere,  to  keep  off 

archltectus,  -i  (m.),  an  architect 

arcus,   -us   (m.),   a  bow;   arc  us 
caclcstis,  a  rainbow 

ardor,  -oris  (m.),  aburningheat 

arduus,  -a,  -um,  arduous,  steej) 

arena,  -ae  (f.),  sand 

arenosus,  -a,  -um,  sandy 

arcscere,  to  dry 

argcnteus,  -a,  -um,  silver  (adj.) 

argentum,  -i    (n.),    silver;    ar- 
gentiim  vivum,  quicksilver 


argiiSrS,  to  reveal 
arles,  -etis  (m.),  a  ram 
arma,  -orum  (pi,  r.),  arms 
armamentarium,     -i    (n.),     an 

armory 
armlger,  -i  (m.),  an  armor-bearer 
arOma,  -tis  (n.),  a  spice 
arrha,  -ae  (f.),  a  pledge 
ars,  -tis  (f.),  art 
artus,  -us  (m.),  a  joint;  artus, 

-Gum  (pi.,  m.),  the  limbs 
arx,  -cis  (f.),  a  citadel 
as,  assis  (m.),  an  as  (Roman  coin) 
asIiiGs,  -i  (m.),  an  ass 
aspc^r,  -a,  -Gm,  rough 
aspera,-orGm  (pl.,n.),  difficuUies 
astrGm,  -i  (n.),  a  star 
astutGs,  -a,  -Gm,  cunning 
at,  but,  on  the  contrary 
atcr,  -ra,  -rGm,  black,  dark 
AtlantlcGs,  -a,  -Gm,  Atlantic 
atquC,  and 
atqui,  but  rather 
atrox,  -ocis,  atrocious 
attendere,  to  jyciy  attention 
attentGs,  -a,  -Gm,  attentive 
auceps,  aucupis  (m.),  a  fowler 
auctor,  -oris  (m.),    an  author, 

writer 
auctOrltas,  -atis  (f.),  authority 
auctumnGs,  -i  (m.j,  the  autumn 
audire,  to  hear 
auditor,  -oris  (in.),  a  hearer 
audltOrIGm,   -i   (n.),   a    lecture- 

room 
audltGs,  -us  (ra.),  hearing 
aulaeGm,  -i  (n.),  the  curtain  (of 

a  theater) 
aureGs,  -a,  -um,  of  gold,  golden 
auris,  -  (f.),  the  car 
aurOra,  -ae  (f.),  the   morning^ 

dawn 


—    128 


—   129   — 


aiiriini,  -i  (n.),  gold 
austSr,  -ri  (m.),  the  south  wind 
aut,  or;  aut. .  .aut,  either. .  .or 
autem  (follows  the  words  which 

its  connects),  hut 
auxIllQiii,  -1  (n.),  Jielp;  auxTlTil, 

-orum     (pi,    n.),     auxiliary 

troops 
avrirltiil,  -ac  (f.),  avarice 
uvarus,  -i  (ra.),  a  miner 
uvis,  -  (f.),  a  bird;  avis  palustris, 

a  bird  of  a  sivamp^  leader 
avoIarS,  iojfy  away 
aviis,  -1  (m.),  a  grandfather 
axis,  -  (ra.),  an  axle,  axis 

B. 

bacrilfim,  -i  (n.),  a  stick,  staff 

basis,  -  (f.),  a  basis 

bt'aliis,  -3,,  -liin,  happy^  blessed 

belllcosiis,  -a,  -uni,  warlike 

bclliim,  -i  (n.),  war 

bene,  xcell 

br'nr'ficiriin,  -1  (n.),  a  benefit 

benr't'iciis,   -3,   -uin,  beneficent 

bcnC'Voliis,  -il,  -lint,    benevolent 

bcnignltiis,  -iitis  (f.),  kindness 

bcni«|Cniis,  -a,  -\iu\,  favorable 

bcstiil,  -ae  (1'.),^  beast,  an  animal 

bll)ere,  to  drink 

bil)lio{)r)lil,  -ac  (m.),  a  bookseller 

biduum,  -1  (n.),   tlte  space  of  2 

days 
biennTuin,  -i  (n.),  the  space  of  3 

years 
blirac,  -arum  (pi.,  f.),  aptair  of 

horses 
bini,  -ac,  -&,  two  by  tico,  two 

at    a   time;   bina    mllla,    two 

thousand  by  two  thousand 
bipes,  -ctlis,  two-footed 


bTs,  twice;  bis  ft  vIcTi5S;  twenty 
two  times;  bis  mlllgs,  tivo 
thousand  times;  bis  mlliCs 
mllles,  two  million  times;  bis 
millCsimiis,  -S,  -uni,  the  two 
thousandth 

blatttt,  -ac  (f.),  a  moth 

bombyx,  -yeis  (m.),  a  silk-worm 

))oniiiii,-i  (n.),  a  good,  j^ossession 

IxHiiSs,  -3.,  -uni,  good 

bos,  bo  vis  (m.),  an  ox 

braocMOm,  -i  (n.)  K,,^^^^ 

bracliiuin,  -i   (n.)     ) 

])rcvis,  -e,  short 

BntaimTa,-ae  (f.),  (Great)  Britain 

Brutus,  -1  (m.),  Brutus 

C. 

cachinniis,  -i  (m.),  a  loud  laugh 
cacumeii,  -Tins  (n.),  the  top 
cadaver,  -Is  (n.),  a  corpse,  dead 

body,  carcass 
cadere,  to  fall 

caducOrts,  -1  (m.),  a  herahVs  staff 
cadCuTis,  -a,  -fun,  frail 
ca(M*ils,  -a,  -uiii,  blind  [ter 

caodes,-Ts  (f.),  a  murder,  slaitgh- 
caclcstls,    -5,    heavenly;    arcus 

caclcstis,  the  rainbow 
caelum,  -1  (n.),  heaven,  the  sky, 

the  open  sky 
Caesar,  -Is  (in.),  Caesar 
crdamitjis,  -iitts  (f.),  misfortune 
calcftr,  -jiris  (n.),  a  sjmr 
calceiis,  -i  (ra.),  a  shoe 
calldus,  -a,  -urn,  warm 
Cidlfornia,  -ae  (f.),  California 
calix,  -Tcls  (ra.),  a  cup 
callTditas,    -atis    (f.),    cunning 
cal5r,  -oris  (ra.),  heat 
cumelfts,  ^1  (ni.),  a  camel 


i 


i 


campiis,  -i  (ra.),  afield 
canrdis,  -  (m.),  a  channel,  canal 
canere,  to  sing 
canis,  -  (ni.),  a  dog 
cantans,  singing 
cantarc,  to  sing 
canttis,  -us  (m.),  singing,  a  song 
caniis,  -il,  -fun,  gray,  hoary 
ciipvv^,  -ae  ({'.),  a  (wild)  goat,  roe 
capiit,  -itis  (n.),  the  head 
cardo,  -iiiis  (in.),  the  hinge  (of  a 
carmen, -iiiis  {n.),  a  poem  [door) 
caro,     carnis     (W),     meat;    caro 
bo  uni,  beef;  cfiro  vltCdlna,  veal 
Caroliis,  -i  (m.),  Charles;  Carolils 

Mai^nus,  Charlemagne 
cariis,  -3,  -urn,  dear 
cassis,  -idls  (f.),  a  helmet 
castr3,  -oriim   (pi.,  ii.),  a  mili- 
tary camp 
caudii,  -ae  (t*.),  a  tail 
causil,  -ae  (!'.),  a  cause 
cavils,  -a,  -urn,  concave,  hollow 
cclcber,  -rls,  -re,  famous 
celebriire,  to  celebrate 
cclcr, -IS,  -e,  swift,  fast 
cOlcrltas,  -iitis  (f.),  swiftness 
cclerltrr,  fast 

centeni,  -ae,-a,  a  hundred  by  a 
hundred,  a  hundred  at  a  time 
centesTmus,  -a,  -um,  the  hun- 
dredth; ccntGsImus  (ct)  i)rlmus, 
the  hundred  and  first 
centiOs,  a  hundred  times;  centies 
mlllC's,    a    hundred    thousand 
times;  centics  millCsTmiis,  -3, 
-lim,  the  hundred  thousandth 
centum,    a     hundred;     centum 

mllla  a  hundred  thousand 
centuplex,   -icis,  a  hundredfold 
centupliis,  -3,  -tim,  a  hundred 
times  as  great 


ccntfirTo,  -onis  (ra.),  a  captain 
cercbriim,  -i  (n.),  the  brain 
ccrtarg,  to  compete 
certiis,  -3,  -iim,   certain,  sure, 

fixed 
cervices,  -lim  ([)1.,  f.),  the  nape 

(of  the  neck) 
cervus,  -i  (in.),  a  stag,  deer 
cetcii,  -ae,  -a,  the  7\'.st,  other 
cetcruni,  for  the  rest,  but  still 
ceu,  as  if 

cliarta,  -ae  (f.),  paper 
chlrurgiis,  -I  (in.),  a  surgeon 
chorda,  -ae  (f),  a  string 
chorcS.,  -ae  (f.),  a  dance  in  a  ring 
chorus,  -i  (m.),  a  choir 
Christiis,  -i  (m.),  Christ 
cibiis,  -1  (m.),  food 
cicatrix,  -icis  (f.),  a  scar 
cictT,  -is  (n.),  a  chick-pea 
Cicero,  -ouis  (ni.),  Cicero 
cTcur,  tame 

cTnTs,  -eris  (in.),  ashes 
circa  (with  accus.),  around,  near, 

about 
circiter  (with  acciis.),  about,  near 
circuin  (with  accus.),  around 
cTs  (with  accus.),  on  this  side  of 
clterior,  -lis,  more  on  this  side, 

nearer 
cTthara,  -ac  (f.),  the  cithara 
cTtiniiis,  -a,  -um,  most  on   this 

side,  nearest 
cito,  quickly,  soon 
dtra  (with  accus.),  on  this  side  of 
civis,  -  (in.),  a  citizen,  a  fellow- 
citizen 
clvitas,  -atis  (f.),  a  state 
clades,  -is  (f.),  defeat 
clam  (with  ablat.),    without  the 

knowledge  of 
clamarg,  to  cry 


—    130   — 


1 


—    ISl    — 


clamdr,    -oris    (m.),    a    shouty 
noide 

clarC,  hrirjMy 

clarissImO,  mo,^t  brightly 

clurius,  more  brightly 

cirirQs,   -a,  -uui,   bright,  dear, 
famous 

classis,  -  (f.),  the  navy 

Clemens,  mikl 

cochIe£lr,  -arts  (n.),  a  spoon 

coctus,  -tl,  -uiu,  cookeil 

coelestls,   -e,     heavenly;    arcils 
coelestis,  a  rainbow 

coelilm,  -1  (n.),  heaven,  the  sh'y, 
the  open  sky 

coena,  -ae  (f.),  dinner 

cognoscCrd,  to  knoiu 
Collatluus,  -T  (m.),  Collatinus 
col  lis,  -  (m.),  a  hill 
colluiii,  -1  (n.),  the  neek 
color,  -oris  (ra.),  a  color 
columba,  -ae  (f.),  a  dove 
colQs,  -1  (f.),  a  distaff 
combust  To,  -onls  (f.),  a  burning 
comedo,  -  ouis  (m.),  a  glutton 
comes,  -itis  (m.),  a  companion 
cOmltiis,  -litis  (f.),  courtesy 
commodiim,  -i  (n.),  j^rofit 
commodus,  -it,  -urn,  comfortable 
communis,  -e,  common 
compes,  -cHlis  (f),  a  fetter 
comi)lures,  -a  or-ia  (pL),  sever- 
al, very  many 
compos,  -dtis,  jyossessed  of 
concha,  -ae  (f.),  a  shell 
conclllfnn,  -I  (n.),  a  council 
conclave,  -is  (n.),  a  room 
condere,  to  hide 
condir^,  to  season 
conf^ruerg,  to  agree 
conjux,  -fio-is  (m.),  a  husband; 

(f.),  a  wife 


conscientia,  -ae  (f.),  conscience 

consIlIOm,  -i  (n.),  advice 

constantia,  -ae  (f.),  constancy 

constare  ex  (with  ablat.),  to  con- 
sist of 

consult  iido,   -inis  (f.),   custoin, 
habit 

consQl,  -is  (m.),  a  consul 

contemner^*,  to  despise 

contentus,  -a,  -iim,  contented, 
satisfied 

contra  (with  accus.),  against,  for, 
opposite  to 

contrarius,  -a,  -um,  contrary 

sC  converters,  to  turn 

copia,     -ae     (r.),      abundance; 
maujna  cOpIa,  a  great  deal 

co(iua,  -ae  (f.),  a  (female)  cook 

coquus,  -i  (m.),  a  (male)  cook 

cor,  cordis  (n.),  the  heart 

coram  (with  ablat.),  in  presence 

of 
cornix,  -icis  (f.),  a  crow 
cornu,  -us  (n.),  a  horn 
corona,  -ae  (f.),  a  crown 
coronarS,  to  crown 
corpiis,  -oris  (n.),  a  body 
cortex,  -ieis  (m.),  a  bark 
coruscils,  -a,  -mn  flashing;  ful- 
gura  corusca,  flashes  of  light- 
ning 
corvus,  -i  (m.),  a  raven 
cos,  cOtis  (f.),  a  grindstone 
cotldianus,  -a,  -um,  daily 
cotldiG,  daily 
eras,  to  morrow 
creatdr,  -oris  (m.),  a  creator 
crObSr,  -ra,  -rum,  frequent 
crCdSre,  to  believe 
crCduliis,  -a,  -um,  credulous 
cresc€re,  to  grow 
Crcta,  -ae  (f.),  Crete 


crSta,  -ae  (f.),  chalk 

crinis,  -  (m.),  hair 

crudiis,  -a,  -iim,  raw 

criis,  -Gris  (n.),  the  leg 

ciiblle,  -is  (n.),  a  lair 

culter,  -rl  (m.),  a  knife 

cultura,  -ae  (f.),  culture 

ciim  (with  ablat.),  ivith;  mecilra, 
icith  me;  tOciim,  with  thee; 
secum,  ^oith  him  (self);  nObis- 
cum,  ivith  us;  vobiscum,  luith 
you;  secilm,  ivith  them(selves); 
quocilm,  with  ivhoni 

cui)idTtas,  -atis  (f.),  passion 

cuprum,  -1  (u.),  cojyper 

cur,  ivhy 

ciira,  -ae  (f.),  care 

curare,  to  attend  to 

currerS,  to  run 

cuspis,  -idis  (f.),  a  spear 

custodia,  -ae  (f.),  watch,  watch- 
fulness 

custodirS,  to  guard 

custos,  -odis  (m.),  a  guard, 
watchman,   keeper,    guardian 

cyanGs,  -i  (m.),  the  blue-bottle 

cycniis,  -i  (ra.) 

cygnus,  -i  (m.) 

cylindrus,  -i  (m.),  a  cylinder 

D. 

dama,  -ae  (f.),  a  fallow-deer 
damnilm,  -i  (n.),  damage 
Dauae,  -es  (f.),  Danae 
Danubius,  -i  (m.),  the  Danube 
dare,  to  give 
de  (with  ablat.),  of,  from,  down 

from,  concerning 
dea,  -ae  (f.),  a  goddess 
dGb^o,  /  ought,  must,  should 
Uebere,  to  owe 


a  swan 


decern,  ten;  d$c5m  St  septgm, 
seventeen;  decern  mllia,  ten 
thousand 

December,  -ris  (m.),  December 

decemplex,  tenfold 

dectes,  ten  times;  deciOs  mlllCs, 
ten  thousand  times;  deeles  ccn- 
ties  milleslmiis,  -a,  -um,  the 
millionth;  decles  milleslmiis, 
-a,  -iim,  the  ten  thousandth 

decimiis,  -a,  -um,  the  tenth 

decoriis,  -a,  -iim,  glorious 

decupliis,  -a,  -iim,  ten  times  as 
great 

deciis,  -oris  (n.),  an  ornament 

dGfendere,  to  defend 

defensor,  -oris  (m.),  a  defender 

degener,  -is,  degenerate 

deindg,  next 

d6lectar€,  to  delight 

delere,  to  destroy 

dGlibc^rarg,  to  deliberate 

Delphlcus,  -a,  -tim,  Delphic 

delpiilnus,  -i  (m.),  a  dolphin 

dGraigrare  in,  to  remove  to 

deni,  -ae,  -a,  teyi  by  ten,  ten  at 
a  time 

dSniqug,  finally 

dens,  -tis  (m.),  a  tooth;  dolor 
dentlCim,  tooth-ache 

densiis,  -a,  -iim,  thick,  dense 

dGserere,  to  desert 

desSs,  -idis,  indolent 

deslderare,  to  want 

deslnere,  to  cease 

deterlor,  -iis,  ivorse 

deterrimiis,  -a,  -iim,  worst 

deiis,  -i  (m.),  a  god;  Deus,  God 

devastare,  to  devastate 

dSvorare,  to  devour 

dextSr,  dext(g)ra,  dext(6)riim, 
right  (opposite  to  left) 


—    132   - 


flTaduma,  -tis  (n.),  a  diadrm 
dialectus,  -i  (f.),  a  dialect 
(Ilcere,  to  my,  to  speak 
dies,  -el  (m.  and  r.  in  tlic  sing., 
m.  in  the  i)lur.),  a  day;  diGs 
festils,  a  holiday 
ditriclle,  icitk  difficulty 
difncllis,  -e,  difficult,  hard 
diincultiis,  -litis  (f.),  a  ditficulty 
dT-(\stlf>,  -onis  (f.),  diycsiion 
digitus,  -T  (ni.),  a  finger 
drir<rrns,   diligent,  careful 
dTlTi^enter,  carefully 
dlir^'cntia,  -ae'(f.),  diligence 
diligent issTmG  most  carefully 
dlligentlus,  more  carefully 
dlllg^re,  to  love 
dimlcare,  to  fight 
diphtfiongus,  -I  (r.),  a  diphthong 
disrere,  to  learn 

discipilia,  -ae    (f.),   a    (female) 
pupil 

disclpillus,  -T(m.),  ajmpil,  schol- 
ar, disciple 
displieere,  to  disjilease 
dissimilis,  -e,  unlike 
din,  for  a  long  time,  long 
dlfitissImC,  very  long 
dl  at  Ills,  longer 
dlversQs,  -a,  -fun,  different 
divds,  -Ttis,  rich 
divider^,  to  separate 
divlnus,  -a,  -uni,  divine 
divitiae,  -arum  (pi.,  f.),  riches 
doeere,  to  teach,  instruct 
ducllis,  -5,  docile 
dootus,  -a,  -ilni,  learned 
duldr,  -ilris  (m.),   pain;    dulor 

dentlum,  tooth-ache 
domestlciis,  -&,  -Qni,  domestic; 

res    domestica,    a    household 

thing 


doral,  sec  domiis 

doraTcilIuiii,  -i  (n.),  an  abode,  a 

home 
domlna,  -ae  (f.),  a  mistress 
duniinOs,  -i  (m.j,  a  master,  lord 
donius,  -us  (f ),  a  house;  dOml, 
at  home;  domum,  home;  dumo, 
from  home 
donuni,  -i  (n.),  a  gift 
dorniire,  to  sleep 
dorsum,  -i  (u.),  the  hack 
dus,  dutls  (f.),  a  dowry 
draelinul,  -ae  (f.),  a  drachm 
duhlum,  -T  (n.),  a  doubt 
dilbius,  -a,  -um,  doubtful 
ducenT,  -ae,  -a,  two  hundred  by 
two  hundred,  two  hundred  at 
a  time 
ducentesinius,  -a,  -um,  the  two 

hundredth 
ducentl,  -ae,  -a,  two  hundred 
dilcenties,  two  hundred  times 
dulcTs,  -e,  sweet  (to  the  taste); 

dulcissime,  my  dear 
dura,  ichile 
dud,  -ae,  -6,  two;  duo  mllla,  two 

thousand 
duudecles,  twelve  times 
duudeoim,  twelve 
du^decTmus,  -a,  -uni,  the  twelfth 
duodOni,    -ae,    -a,     twelve    by 

twelve,  tivelve  at  time 
duodevlceni,   -ae,    -a,  eighteen 
by  eighteen;  eighteen  at  a  time 
duodevlcesimus,   -a,   -um,    the 

eighteenth 
driodGvIoies,  eighteen  times  ^ 

duodevTgintl,  eighteen 
duplex,  -Ms,  double,  twofold 
duphls,  -a,  -um,  tivice  as  great 
durfls,  -a,  -iim,  hard 
dux,  duds  (m.),  a  leader 


—   133   — 


0  (witli  ablat.  and  only  before 
consonants),  from,  of,  out  of 

Ehnracum  Novum,  -i  -i  (n.), 
Xew  York 

M)ur,    oris  (n.),  irojy 

r-cliidna,  -  ae  (t*.),  an  adder 

echo,  -us  ({'.),  echo 

edere,  to  cat 

efTlcax,  eificient 

eirigles,  -ei  (f.),  a  likeness,  an 
image 

eirundere,  to  pon r  fn'th 

egens,  needy 

Ggeniis,  -a,  -um,  needy 

ego,  / 

f'legans,  elegant 

eleganter,  elega n ily 

elephantiis,  -T  (m.),  an  elephant 

elephas,  -autis  (m.),  an  elephant 

elTger*",  to  pick  out 

CMnendare,  to  amend,  improve 

enierc,  to  buy 

emolumentum,  -i  (n.),  gain 

C'nlni,  for 

ensis,  -  (m.),  a  sword 

enumerare,  to  reckon  up 

eo  (with  comparatives),  the;  quo 

. .  .eo,  the. .  .the 

epTstoia,    -ae  (f.) 

epTstula,    -ae  (f.) 

eprilae,-arum  (pi,  f.),  abanquet 

etpia,  -ae  (f.),  a  mare 

ecpies,  -Ttis  (ra.),  a  rider,  horse- 
man, horse-soldier 

equltfitiis,  -lis  (m.),  cavalry 

ecpiiis,  -T  (m.),  a  horse 

erga  (with  accus.),   toward,  unto 

error,  -oris  (m.),  an  error 

erudire,  to  instruct 

erudltiis,  -a,  -um,  educated 


a  letter 


esca,  -ae  (f.),  food 

esse,  to  be 

6t,  ami,  even,  too;  Ct...St,   both 

. . .  .and 
etiam,  also,  too,  even;  (before  the 

comparative  to  which  it  refers) 

still 
eurlpiis,  -T  (m.),  a  sti^ait 
Europa,  -ae  (f.),  Europe 
eventiis,  -lis  (m.),  a  result 
evolare,  to  fly  up 
ex  (with  ablat.), /row.,  out  of 
excelsiis,  -a,  -um,  high 
exemplar,  -aris  (n.),  a  model 
exemi)lum,  -i  (n.),  an  example 
exercere,  to  exercise,  praxitice 
exiguiis,  -a,  -um,  small 
expers,  without  share 
exspectare  (better  than  expec- 

tare),  to  wait  for 
exteridr,  -fls,  exterior 
externus,  -^,  -iim,  external 
extt'rtis,  -a,  um,  outward 
extimus,  -a,  -iim,  extreme 
extra    (with     accus.),     without, 

beyond 
extrCmiis,  -a,  -iim,  extreme 

F. 

frd)a,  -ae  (f ),  a  bean 
faber,  -ri  (m.),  a  smith,  architect 
facetiae,  -ariim  (pi.,  f.),  wit 
ITicies,  -ei  (f.),  the  face 
facilG,  easily 
facllis,  -e,  easy 
fiicTlius,  more  easily 
facillTme,  most  easily 
factiim,  -i  (n.),  a  deed 
fagiis,  -1  (f.),  a  beech 
falco,  -onis  (m.),  the  hawk 
fallax,  fallacious^  treacherous 


—    134   ^ 


falsQs,  -a,  -tim,  false 

falx,  -els  (r.),  a  sickle 

nima,  -ae  (t'.),/ame,  reputation 

tames,  -Is  (K),  /di</i^er 

laiiiuliTs,  -i  (m.),  a  ^-tvrrt??^ 

tar,  larris  (n.),  .v/>t^//,  co/vi,  grain 

las  (indeclinable  n.),  /-///^^ 

fascis,  -  (ni.),  a  6«/ /*(//(> 

nuuiii,  -1  (n.),  calamity 

laustus,  -a,  -uin,  luchj 

fax,  fuels  (f),  a  /o/r/i 

febris,  -  (f.),  ayet-er 

FebruarUls,  -i  (ni.),  February 

fecundOs,  -a,  -uin,  /'c/VZ/e 

fel,  fellrs  (n.),  fjall 

lelicltas,   -atis  (f.),   happiness, 
prosperity 

fellelter,  happily 

fells,  -  (f ),  a  cat 

mix,  happy,  fortunate 

leniina,-ae  (t),  a  female,  woman 

fenesti-a,  -ae  (f.),  a  window 

ferO,  almoH 

lerox,  -ocis,  fierce,  uncontroll 
able 

ferrefis,  -it,  -flm,  iroyi  (adj.) 

ferrum,  -I  (n.),  iron 

fertllis,  -€,  fertile 

ferfis,  -a,  -uin,  ?/,<//(? 

fessQs,  -a,  -ilin,  freary  ^oj? 

festuiiire,  to  hasten 

fcstus,    -a,    -iini,   festal;    diOs 

festus,  r/  holiday 
fides, -ei  {q,  faith;  fidem  babOre, 

to  (have)  t?'ust 
fidueia,  -ae  (f.),  trust 
fidus,  -a,  -Qm,  faithful 
fi.irfira,  -ae  (t.),  «  s?iaj)e 
filra,  -ae  (f),  rt  daughter 
flliiTs,  -1  (ra.),  rt  son 
finii:?r6,  to  fashion 
Hnls,  -  (m.),  ari  e;^^ 


firmarC,  ^o  strengthen,  hold  (fast) 
firnius,  -a,  -urn,  timi 
_  flanima,  -ae  (f.),  /,?/>,e 
llavus,  -a,  -uin,  yellow 
llos,  -oris  (m.),  rt>o?rer,  blossom 
1  uetus,  -us  (ni.),  a/ooc/,  icave 
tluere,  ^(;/^y/r 
llunien,  -luls  (n.),  a  river 
i\\\\\ns,  -T  (m.),  a  river 
lluAus,  -a,  -uni,  Jleeting 

foedus,  -erls  (n.),  a  treaty 

loedus,  -a,  -urn,  uqly 

fuenuni,  -I  (n.),  hay 

folium,  -T  (n.),  a  leaf 

fons,  -tis  (ni.),  a  spring,  source 

loras,  outdoors 

forniiea,  -ae  (f),  a^  a^,^ 

fornildare,  to  dread 

fornix,  -Tcls  (ni.),  an  arch 

fortls,  -5,  brave 

fortlter,  bravehf 

fortnna,  -ae  (V.),  /or/^/^?^;  pro- 

spera  lortuna,  good  fortune 
fortunatus,  -a,  -xunjurtunate 
fossa,  -ae  (f),a  rf//r/i 
fraetus,  -a,  -fun,  broken 
ft'agllis,  -e,  fragile,  frail 
frat(5r,  -rls  (ni.),  a  brother 
fraus,  -dls  (r.),  a  fraud 
frcna, -orum  (pi.,  n.),  a  6nYZ/e 
Irequens,  frequent 
freciuentia,  -ae  [l),  frequency 
frliridfts,  -a,  -fun,  cold 
fri-ils,  -oris  (n.),  cold 
frons,  -ells  (f ),  foliage 
frons,  -tls  (r.),  the  forehead,  brow 
fruetils,  -us  (m.),//-;//^ 
frn^-alT5r,  -us,  inore  frugal 
frfigalisslmas,    -a,    -uni,   most 
frugal 

frutjailtas,  -atis  (q,  frugality 


—    135   — 


frugT,  frugal 

fr uglier,  -a,  -fun,  fruit-bearing, 
fruitful,  fertile 

framentiini,  -i  (n.),  corn 

frustum,  -1  (n.),  a  bit 

(frux,  frugls),  usually  pi. :  frCiges, 
-um  {q,  fruit 

fuga,-  ae  (f),  a  flight 

iugare,  to  imt  to  flight 

fulgere,  to  shine 

fulgur,  -Is  (n.),  lightning;  ful- 
gura  corusca,  flashes  of  light- 
ning 

fulnien,  -inls  (n.),  a  thunderbolt 

fulviis,  -a,  -um,  yellow 

fundanientiim,  -i  (n.),  a  foun- 
dation 

fTmis,  -  (m.),  a  rope 

fur,  -is  (m.),  a  thief 

furfur,  -IS  (m.),  bran 

furtum,  -1  (n.),  theft 

fustis,  -  (m.),  a  club 

futi'irus,  -a,  -um,  about  to  be, 
coming 

G. 

gallTna,  -ae  (f),  a  hen 
garrLlliis,  -a,  -iim,  garrulous 
gaudiiim,  -i  (n.),  joy 
gelfl,  -iis  (n.),  (icy)  cold 
gemini,  -oriim  (pi.,  m.),  twins 
gemma,    -ae    (f),     a  precious 

stone,  gem 
gena,  -ae  (f ),  a  cheek 
gener,  -i  (m.),  a  son-in-law 
goniiis,  -T  (m.),  a  guardian  angel 
gens,  -tis  (f ),  a  tribe,  people 
genii,  -lis  (n.),  the  knee 
genus,  -^ris  (n.),  a  kind,  race 
Gerraania,  -ae  (f),  Germany 
gignerS,  to  bring  forth 


glaber,  -ra,  -riim,  smooth 
glacles,  -ei  (f),  ice 
glans,  -dls  (f ),  an  acorn 
glls,  gliris  (m.),  a  dormouse 
globus,  -i  (m.),  a  globe 
gloria,  -ae  (f),  gloi^y 
glos,  -oris  (f.),  a  sister-in-law 
gracilis,  -e,  slender 
gramen,-iiiis  (n.),  gy^ass 
grando,  -inis  (f.),  hail 
graniim,  -i  (n.),  a  grain 
gratia,  -ae  (f),  thanks 
gratils,  -a,  -iim,  pleas  i  ng,  than  k- 
gravis,  -e,  heavy,  hard  \ful 

grex,  gr^gis  [m.),a  flock 
grus,  gruTs  (f),  a  crane 
gurges,  -itis  (m.),  a  whirlpool 
gustiis,  -iis  (ra.),  taste 
gutta,  -ae  (f ),  a  drop 
guttur,  -is  (n.),  the  throat 

H. 

habCna,  -ae  (f),  a  thong 
habere,   to  have,  to  deliver;  fl- 

d(^m  habere,  to  (have)  trust 
habitare,  to  dwell,  lodge 
Hadria,  -ae  (f),  the  Adriatic 
haediis,  -T  (ra.),  a  kid 
haraa,  -ae  (f),  a  fire-bucket 
harpago,  -oiiis  (ra.),  a  grappAe- 

hook 
hasta,  -ae  (f ),  a  spear 
hebdomas,  -adis  (f ),  a  week 
Helvetia,  -ae  (f),  Switzerland 
hSpar,  -atis  (n.),  the  liver 
herba,  -ae  (f ),  an  herb 
heres,  -edis  (m.),  an  heir 
hic,  haec,  hoc,  this  (of  mine),  the 

latter;  hie ill6,  the  latter 

—  the  former^  the  one the 

other 


—    136    ^ 


hlems,  liTemTs  (f.),  winter 
hilaris,  -g,  cheerful 
liirundO,  -iuis  (f.),  «  .viraZ/oi^ 
Ilispania,  -ae  (f.),  .S^a^n 

historic, -ae  (f.), /u-6-^.ry,  a  ./ory 

liOiiiO,  -inTs  (111.),  man;  a  man,  a 
Vermn;  istd  Iioini,  thatfelloio: 
huDiTnes  (pi.),  p^o/^/e 

huncsto,  /.om^v//y  [o;.^^/,, 

H)n6r,   -oris    (m.),    an    honor, 
lionorare,  to  honor  [oifire 

lior^,  -ac  (f.),  an  hour;  octliva 

hora,  at  the  eighth  hour   (at 

eight  o'clock);  quota  IiOra  est ' 

v'hat  o'clock  is  it? 
Jiorreflni,    -i    („.),    a  granary, 

barn 
hortils,  -i  (m.),  a  garden 
liostllls,  -€,  ho,stile 
Iiostis,  -  (m.),  an  enemy 

Iiunianltas, -atis  (f.),  /;,,,;,,, ,,,7^/, 

cultivation 
hfiMianQs,  -a,  -fmi,  /,,/;,,a;i 
uimr'i-ils,  ~i  (ni.),  /A^'  ,v/.oi^Wer 
Iiriniulfls,  -a,  -run,  7;i(^i^.^ 
liumllls,  -g,  /o?(; 
liurnQs,  -1  (f.),  iioil 


I. 

TbT,  /;^^rr;  ubL.TDi,  where... there 
K'Imoumon,  -duls  (m.),  M^.  ich- 
^^'  «^^  ^**  [/i^^^mo^i 

uleni,   (Vulcm,    klem,    /A^  .s'rt;/ie; 

ul^'iii  qui,  the  same  as 
Muiirfis,  -a,  -ilm,  .vM//rt6/g 
Idus,  -aOm  (pi.,  f),  fTi^  7(7^5 
ignavfis,  -a,  -fim,  sluggish 
Ignis,  -  (111.),  jire  rfl,.^ 

ignivomOs,   -a,  -iSi„,    vomiting 


ignobllls,  -c,  ignoble 
ignotfis,  -a,  -fun,  unknoicn 
ille,  illa,  illuU,  that  (yonder),  that 
well-knoicn,  the  former;  MedOa 
ilia,  that  well-known  Mcdca 
illunilnare,  to  illumine 
illuHtrls,  -e,  remarkable 
imago,  -Tills  (f.),  an  image 
iinbCriJlus,  -a,  -uiii,  ^ceakbj 
iinbdr,-rls  (m.),  «  shower 
iinnionsus,  -a,  -um,   immeasur- 
able 

imniortalls,  -d,  ///j;,ior/rt^ 
iiiipedriiicnta,    -oriim   (()!.,    n.), 

higgage 
inipfTator,   -oris   (m.),    «  ^om- 
.   '^^'i^^^^^'^-in-chief  an   emperor 
imprTltus,  -a,  -fun,  /^no7Y//^^ 
ini])^ririiii,  -T  („.),  ^,,,^,,y^  ^^^.^,  . 

nnpT^tas,  -atts  (f.),  ,>,;,,v/y 

Jii^plriinls,  -5,   ,n7/io,^^  feathers 
I  iniprmirs,  see  iiii)rrmrs 

improbus,  -a,  -ilni,  bad,  wicked 

inipudens,  impudent 

iiiipuiif^,  icith  impunity 

rniOs,  -a,  -flin,  lowest 

m  (with  accus.),  into,  on,  to, 
against;  (with  ablat.)  in,  on 
vimn,  among  ' 

incemis,  -a,  -mn,  uncertain 
inclutiTs,  -a,  -n,n,  nv^o^a^c^^Z 
incoia,  -ae  (m.),  an  inhabitant 
ineus, -ridls(f.),^,ia;,,.,7 
index,  -leis  (m.),  «  mark 
India,  -ae  (f.),  //^Zm 
Indifls,  -1  (ni.),  «,,  (.hnt-rican) 
Indian  ' 

indoles,  -Is  (f.),  talents 
industria,  -ae  (f.),  i.itZ^.v/ry 
indutlae,  -arfun  (pi.,  f.),  «  truce 
iners,  slothful 
infamia,  -ae  (f.),  f;,/',,;,,^ 


137   — . 


infans,  -tis  (m.  and  f),  a  babe, 

child 
infant la,  -ae  (f.),  infancy 
interior,  -lis,  inferior,  lower 
inlT'i'iis,  -a,  -lim,  below 
int'Iiniis,  -a,  -tim,  lowest 
inflnltiis,  -a,  -fini,  endless 
intra   (with   accus.),    under,    be- 
neath 
ingonliini,  -i  (n.),  character,  dis- 

j)osition 
ingcns,  huge,  immense 
Tnlmlcus,  -i  (m.),  an  enemy 
ininilcus,  -a,  -fun,  unfriendly 
Tnltiiiin,  -i  (n.),  a  beginning 
injucundiis,  -a,  -iim,    unpleas- 
ant 
injuria,  -ae  (t'.),  injury 
inniinierus,  -a,   -iiui,    number- 
less 
luopia,  -ae  (f.),  want 
inprlnils,  in  the  highest  degree 
insanalnlls,  -e,  incurable 
insania, -ae  (f.),  insanity 
insectuni,  -i  (n.),  an  insect 
insitus,  -a,  -uni,  inborn 
instabilis,  -e,  unsteady 
instrumentuin,  -i  (n.),   an  im- 
plement 
insula,  -ae  (f.),  an  island 
integer,  -ra,  -riini,  ichole,  en- 
tire 
intentio,  -onis  (f.),  an  intention 
inter  (with  accus.),  among,   be- 
tween; inter  S(5,  among  them- 
selves, icith  each  other,    one 
another 
interessS,  to  be  between;  interest 
inter  (with  accus.),  there  is  a 
difference  between 
interclum,  sometimes 
interior,  -lis,  inner 


interpres,  -etis  (m.),  an  inter- 

p)reter 
intlniiis,   -a,   -uiu,   innermost, 

intimate 
intra  (with  accus.),  within 
inventor,  -oris  (m.),  an  invent- 
or 
inventiim,  -i  (n.),   an  invention 
invldia,  -ae  (f.),  envy 
invltiis,  -a,  -iim,  unwilling 
inviiis,  -a,  -iim,  impassable 
ipse,  ipsa,  ipsuni,  himself,  her- 
self itself 
Ira,  -ae  (f.),  anger 
is,  6a,  id,  he,  she,  it;  that 
iste,  ista,  istud,  that  (of  yours); 

iste  homo,  that  fellow 
ita  est,  (so  it  is)  yes 
Italia,  -ae  (f.),  Italy         [march 
Iter,  itlnerls  (n.),  a  journey,  way, 
itCruin,  a  second  time 

J. 

jam,  already 
janiia,  -ae  (f.),  a  door 
Januarliis,  -i  (m.),  January 
jeciir,  -dris   (jeciiiorls)   (n.),  the 

liver 
jejunliim,  -i  (n.),  a  fast-day 
juba,  -ae  (f.),  the  mane 
jucunde,  pleasajiily 
jucundiis,  -a,  -iim,  pleasant 
judex,  -icis  (m.),  a  judge 
judicare,  to  judge 
juglans,  -dis  (f.),  a  walnut 
jugCiliim,  -i  (n.),  the  collar-bone 
jumentum,    -i    (n.),   a  beast   of 

burden 
junior  (without  n.),  younger 
Juppiter   (Jupiter),    JovTs    (m.), 

Jove 


—   138 


tear 


jus,  juris  (n.),  righf,  Jaw 
jusjurandum,     jurisjurandl    (n.), 

an  oath 
justltia,  -ae  (f.),  justice 
Justus,  -a,  -uiii,  just 
juvenis,   -  (m.),  a  youth 
juvenTs  (without  n.),  young 
juventus,  -utis  (f.),  youth 
juxta  (withaccus.),  near  tOj  beside 

labCr,  -oris  (m.),  Jaho?',  work 

labOrare,  to  work 

labOriosiis,   -&,  -fun,  laborious 

lac,  lactis  (n.),  milk 

lacer,  -&,  -iiin,  torn 

laceriirC,  to  lacerate 

lacrlinS,  -ae  (f.)     ) 

lacryma,  -ae  (f.)    j 

lacus,  -fis  (m.),  a  lake 

laederS,  to  hurt 

lactitia,  -ae  [^^  joy 

laetiis,  -3,,  -uiii,  merry ^  joyful 

lamp^s,  -adis  (f.),  a  light 

lana,  -ae  (t'),  icool 

laiiTger,  -3.,  -um,  icool-bearlng^ 

fleecy 
lapis,  -1(1  IS  (m.),  a  stone 
larvS,  -ae  (f),  a  spectre 
later,  -Is  (m.),  a  tile 
latere,  to  be  concealed 
Latlnus,  -a,  -uni,  Latin 
latrO,  -oiiTs  (ra.),  a  robber 
latus,  -a,  -uin,  broady  wide 
laudabllis,  -e,  praiseworthy 
laudans,  praising 
laudare,  to  praise 
laus,  -dis  (f.),  praise 
lavare,  toicash 
IcctlcS,  -ac  (f.),  a  Utter 
lOgere,  to  read 


Icnte,  slowly,  leisurely 

Icntiis,  -3,  -fim,  tenacious,  sloiv 

1^0,  -onis  (m.),  a  lion 

lepos,  -oris  (in.),  charm,  wit 

lepiis,  -oris  (ni.),  a  hare 

levari,  to  allay 

levlr,  -1  (m.),  a  brother-in-law 

10 vis,  -e,  light 

lex,  It^gts  (f.),  a  law 

llbens,  willing  [ly 

ITbenter,  with  pleasure,  willing- 

LIl)er,  -1  (m.),  Bacchus 

liber,  -ri  (m.),  a  book 

liber,  -a,  -um,  free 

libere,  freely 

llberiire,  to  (set)  free,  deliver 

llberi,  -oriiiii  (pi.,  m.),  children 

llbertas,  -atls  (f.),  liberty,  free- 
dom 

libido,  -Inls  (f.),  desire,  lust 

libra,  -ae  (f.),  a  pound 

lichen,  -Is  (m.),  lichen 

lien,  -Is  (m.),  the  milt,  spleen 

\ignv\is,-&,-xiin,  of  wood,  wooden 

llgO,  -onIs  (m.),  a  mattock,  a 
spade 

lllluin,  -1  (n.),  a  lily 

limes,  -Itis  (m.),  a  limit,  (cross-) 
path 

lIno3,,  -ac  (f.),  a  line 

lingua,  -ae  (f.),  the  tongue,  alan- 
guage 

linter,  -ris  (f.),  a  boat 

lis,  litis  (f.),  a  quarrel 

lltera,  -ae  (f.) 

littera,  -ae  (f.) 

llterae,  -iiriim  (f.),  )    , 

^...^  -   -      /A  >  learning 

litterae,  -aniin  (f.)  )  ^ 

lltus,  -oris  (n.),  a  shore 

longe,  by  far 

longinquiis,  -a,  -um,  far 

longltudo,  -Inls  (f.),  length 


a  letter 


—    139    -^ 


longiis,  -a,  -iim,  long 
loquax,  -acis,  loquacious 
lucidus,  -a,  -uin,  shining 
Lucifer,  -i  (m.),   the  morning- 
ludus,  -i  (m.),  a2)lay  [star 

lugubrls,  -e,  plaintive 
Ifimen,  -Inls  (n.),  light 
luna,  -ae  (f.),  the  moon 
lupus,  -i  (m.),  a  wolf 

luselnia,  -ae  (f.),  a  nightingale 

lusfis,  -us  (m.),  a  play 

lux,  lucls  (f.),  light 

luxuria,  -ae  (f.),  luxury 

lyra,  -ae  (f.),  a  lyre 

M. 

machlna,  -ae  (f.),  a  machine 

magis,  more,  better 

magister,    ~ri   (m.),   a  teacher, 
master 

magistra,  -ae    (f.),    a    (female) 
teacher  [trate 

magistratus,  -us  (ra.),  a  magis- 

niagnanimltas,  -atis  (f.),  mag- 
nanimity 

niagnGtlcus,  -a,  -iim,  magnetic 

magnincus,    -a,  -um,  magnif- 
icent, grand 

niagnus,  -a,  -um,  great,  large, 

majdr,  -us,  greater  Ujig 

male,  badly 

malGm,  -i  (n.),  an  evil 
malum,  -i  (n.),  an  apple 
malus,  -a,  -um,  bad 
mfdus,  -1  (m.),  the  mast 
malva,  -ae  (f.),  a  mallow 
mandatum,  -i  (n.),  an  order 
mane,  in  the  morning 
manere,  to  last,  remain 
mantis,  -us  (f.),  the  hand 
"lappa,  -ae  (f.),  a  napkin 


mare,^-is  (n.),  the  sea,  ocean 
margo,   -Inls    (m.),    a  margin, 

brink 
marmor,  -Is  (n.),  marble 
mas,  marls  (m.),  a  male 
massa,  -ae  (f.),  a  lump 
mastlche,  -es  (f.),  mastic 
mater,  -rIs  (f.),  a  mother 
materia,  -ae  (f.),  7.  alter 
maturus,  -a,  -f.m,  rij)e 
maxImG,  most 

maximus,  -a,  -iim,  greatest 
me,  me,  from  me 
mecum,  with  me,  ivith  myself 
mOdlcus,  -1  (m.),  a  physician 
m(?r,  of  me 

mel,  mellis  (n.),  honey 
mellor,  -tis,  better 
melius  (adv.),  better 
membrana,  -ae  (f.),  a  parchment 
membrum,  -i  (n.),  a  member 
memor,  -Is,  mindful 
memoria,  -ae  (t),  memory 
mendaclum,  -1  (n.),  a  lie 
mendax,  -acIs,  lying 
mendlcus,  -i  (m.),  a  beggar 
MenelaOs,  -i  (m.),  Menelaus 
mens,  -tIs  (f.),  the  mind 
mensa,  -ae  (f.),  a  table 
mensis,  -  (m.),  a  month 
mercator,  -oris  (m.),  a  merchant 
merces,    -edis  (f.),  a  rewara, 

wages 
merges,  -Itis  (f.),  a  sheaf 
merldles,  -ei  (m.),  7nidday,  noon 
merx,  -cIs  (f.),  ware 

met  (annexed  for  emphasis  to  per- 
sonal pronouns) 
mgtallGm,  -1  (n.),  a  metal 
mOthodiis,  -1  (f.),  a  method 
mettis,  -us  (m.),  fear 
m^us,  -a,  -iim,  my 


—    140    — 


Mexicanus,  -&,  -flm,  Mexican 

mlcare,  to  glitter 

migrans,  migratory 

mli^rare,  to  migrate^  remove 

mill!,  to  me 

miles,  -itis  (m.),  a  soldier 

millet^,  a  thousand  titnes;  mlliOs 

nilliC'S,  a  miVioa  times 
iiiilh',    a   thousand;  iiiTlTa,  thou- 
sands;  dOalva  ccntOna  mil  la  or 
(ImOs  centum  mllid,  a  milliun 
millOsImus,  -a,  -uiii,    the  thou- 
sandth 
Miltlades,  -is  (n.),  MiUiades 
minim  lis,  -ft,  -liiu,  least 
minister,   -rl   (m.),    a   servant^ 

minister 
mlndr,  -us,  less 
minus  (adv.),  h'ss 
mlriis,  -it,  -iiiii,  wonderful 
mlsrr,  -a,  -uin,  wretched 
mlsOrr,  wretchedhj 
miseria.,  -ae  (f.),  misery 
mltis,  -d,  mild 
mitt  ere,  to  send 
mixtio,  -oiiis  (f.),  a  mixture 
modestltt,  -ae,  inodrstg 
modostiis,  -it,  -fiiii,  modest 
modlciis,  -tt,  -iiiii.  moderate 
mudn. .  .mudo,  now. .  .  )iow;  nOn 
modo. .  .sOd  rtiam,  not  only. . . 
hut  also 
moenia,  -  liin  (pi,  n.),  city  walls 
molostia,  -ae  (f.),  trouble 
molcstus,   -a,  uiii,  troublesome 
munoculus,  -a,  -uiii,  one-eyed 
mons,  -tls  (m.),  a  mountain 
monstrare,  to  show 
mOratils,  -3,,   -fun,    mannered; 

b^ne  mOratus,  icell-bred 
morbus,  -i  (m.),  a  disease 


morl,  to  die 


morosGs,  -S,  -tlm,  morose 
mors,  -tis  (f.),  death 
mortalls,  -€,  mortal 
mortlft^r,  -3,,  -uni,  deadly 
mortuiis,  -d,  -Giu,  dead 
mos,  morls  (m.),  custom,  manner 
motus,  -us(m.),  motion,  emotion 
mox,  soon 

nullRT,  -is  (f.),  a  woman 
multitudo,  -iiiTs  (f.),  a  muttituae 
multo,    much,  far,  by  far 
multits,  -a,  -iiin,  much^  many; 

multum,  much 
mundiis,  -i  (m.),  the  ivorld 
munus,  -6rTs  (n.),  a)i  qpice,  gift 
murmur,  -Is  (n.),  a  murmur 
muriis,  -i  (m.),  a  wall 
mus,  muris  (m.),  a  mouse 
muscS,,  -ae  (f.),  ajfy 
mutiire,  to  change 
mutatio,  -oiiis  (t*.),  a  change 

N. 
nam,  for 
nam  (appended  for  the  sake  of 

empliasis    to    interrogatives), 
narriir^,  to  tell  [pray 

narratio,  -oiiis  (f.),  a  narrative 
nasus,  -1  (m.),  the  )iose 
nritrdis,  -  (m.),  a  birthday 
natjire,  to  swim 
nfitlo,  -ouis  (f.),  a  nation 
niitaril,    -ae   (f.),   nature;   uni- 

versa  natura,  the  universe 
natiis,    -a,    -fun,     born;    post 

Christum  natum,  after  the  birth 

of  Clirist 
nautsi,  -ae  (m.),  a  sailor,  seam.an 
navTgare,  to  sail 
navigiitlo,  -onis  (f.),  navigation^ 

a  sailing 


—    141 


navTs,  -(f.),  a  shij) 
n«',  not,  lest 

n<'...  quidem,  not  even;  nC  unus 
qnldem,  not  even  one,  not  a 
single 
Xr-apolis,  -  (f.),  XajAes 
nrhula,  -ae  (t'.),  a  rfog 

nr,',  and  not;  nee nCv,  neither 

....  nor 
nrcessarius,  -3,    uiu,  necessary 
nrcessitas,  -atis  (f.),  neeessify 
nectar,  -is  (n.),  nectar 
neglcgerS   ) 
negllgere    (  ^''  ''^'J^*^^^ 
ncgotlum,  -i  (n.),    a  business, 

an  occupation 
nemO,  -ims  (m.),   nobody;  nemo 

vestrum,  ??o  one  of  you 
ncmus,  -oris  (n.),  a  grove 
ncpos,    -Otis    (m.),    a    nephew, 

grandchild 
nc(iuam,  worthless 
nctiue,  and  not;  ncqur. .  .uoquc, 

neither. .  .nor 
ncquior,  -lis,  more  ivorthless 
iicquisslmus,     -S,      -uui,     most 

ivorthless 
neuter,  -ra,  -rum,    neither  (of 

the  two) 
nex,  nceis  (f.),  a  murder 
niger,  -ra,  -rum,  black 
iiilill,  nothing;  nihil  aliud  quam, 

nothing  else  then 
Xilus,  -1  (m.),    the  (river)  Ni^-^ 
nlmis,  too  much 
nlmlum,  too  much 
nimlus,  -a,  -urn,  too  great,  too 

much,  over  great 
nisi,  if  not 
nix,  nlvis  (f.),  snow 
nobllis,  -g,  noble  [with  us 

nobis,  to  11.9,  from  ns;  nobiscum, 


nocere,  to  do  harm,  injure 
nomeu,  -inis  (n.),  a  name 
non,  not;  nOn  est,  there   is  no; 
mix     sOUmi....scd    etiam,    not 
only. .  .but  also;  nOn  modo. . . 
sed  etlaiu,  not  o)dy. .  .but  also; 
non  taut uni. .  .scd    etIam,    not 
only. .  .but  ahv 
nonageni,    -ae,    -a,    ninety   by 

ninety,  ninety  at  a  time 
nonageslmus,  -a,  -um,  thenine- 
nonagI(' s,  n  i neiy  t i mes         [t ieth 
nonagiiita,  ninety 
nongeni,  -ae,  -a,   ni)ie  hundred 
by  nine  hundred,  nine  hundred 
at  a  time 
nongenteslmfis,    -3,    -um,     the 

nine  hundredth 
nongenti,  -ae,  -a,  nine  hundred 
nongentles,  nine  hundred  times 
nonnulli,  -ae,  -a,  some 
noniis,-a,-um,  the  ninth;  nfmus 

dccimus,  the  nineteenth 
nos,  ice,  us 
noscerC)  to  know 
nostSr,  -ra,  -rum,  our 
nostrl,  nostrum,  of  us 
nr)tus,-i(m.),  the  south  wind 
notus,-a,-um,  known,  notorious 
novem,  nine 

November,  -ris  (m.),  November 
novOni,   -ae,  -a,  nine  by  7iine, 
nine  at  a  time;  novOnI  dOnI, 
nineteen  by  nineteen,  nineteen 
at  a  time 
no  vies,  nine  times 
novles  decles,  nineteen  times 
novus,  -a,  -um,  new;  novi  (lit. 

of  new),  news 
nox,  noctis  (f ),  the  night 
noxliis,    -a,     -um,    injurious, 
hurtful 


—   142   — 


iiui)es,  -Is  (f.),  a  cloud 

nublliis,  -ft,  -iini,   cloudy 

null  us,  -ft,  -uiu,  no,  not  any^  not 

one 
T)um,  whether 
iifmirTus,  -1  (m.),  a  number 
nminiiiis,  -T  (m.),  a  coin 
iiuiiKiiiruii,  sec  miiuiuain 
nunc,    /?<>«/';  nunc. ..  .nunc,  now 

....  now 
nuiKjuani,  never 
nuFitlu,  -iie  (f.),  a  (female)  mes- 

,senf/er 
nuMtlar?,  to  announce 
nuptiiie,  -arum  (pi.,  f.),  a  iced- 

diuij,  marriatje 
nuffi.s,    us  (ni.),  a  nod 

O. 

61)  (with  aeons.), /or, o??  account  of 
obrMliro,  see  oboedire 
ohitus,  -lis  (ni.),  drath 
ohiioxius,  -ft,  -uni,  subject^  liable 
uhocdlre,   to  obey 
obi'fitu.s,  -ft,  -uni,  covered 
obscui'jiro,  fo  obsrin^e,  eclipse 
o))scririis,  -ft,    fun,  obscure 
observaro,  to  observe 
obsos,    ulTs  (m.),  a  hostage 
obtiMnpersire,  to  obey 
(>ecT(l(Mis,  -tis  (m.),  the  west 
nclirft,  -ao  (IV),  yellow  ochre 
rMMor,    fis,  swifter 
rK-issiiiifis,    a,    fmi,  swiftest 
(K-tavus,   -ft,     uni,    the  eighth; 
octavus  (lecTnn'is,  the  eighteenth 
octlf'S,  eight  times;  octles  deelfs, 

eighteen  times 
oetiuirr'nT,  -ae,    -ft,    eight   hun- 
dred l)y  eight  hundredj   eight 
hundred  at  a  time 


octingcntfslmtls,  -ft,  -(im,    the 

eight  hundredth 

octingenti,  -ae,  -ft,  eight  hun- 
dred 

oetingentTOs,  eight  h  u  ndred  times 

octo,  eight 

October, -ris  (ni.),  October 

octogeni,  -ae,  -ft,  eighty  by  eigh- 
ty, eighty  at  a  time 

octogOsTmiis,  -ft,  -iiiu,  the  eigh- 
tieth 

oct ogles,  eighty  times 

octoginta,  eighty 

octoni,-  ae,-  ft,  eight  by  eight, 
eight  at  a  time;  octoni  dcnl, 
eighteen  by  eighteen^  eighteen 
at  a  time 

octupliis,  -ft,  -fiiii,  eight  times 
as  great 

oculils,  -1  (m.),  the  eye 

odor,  -oris  (f.),  smell 

r)doru.s,  -ft,  -um,  fragrant 

ofTicTnft,  -ae  (('.),  a  workshop 

oinduin,  -I  (n.),  a  duty 

oleum,  -T  (n.),  oil 

olfaetiis,  -us  (m.),  smell 

olivft,  -ae  (t),  an  olive 

ollft,  -ae  (f.),  a  jar 

omen,  -Tnis  (n.),  an  omen 

omnTpotens,  aim  ighty 

onints,  -e,  all,  evei^j ;  omnift, 
-iiiui  (pi.,  n.),  all  things,  every 
thing;  omnia  sua,  all  one's 
property 

oniis,    eris  (n.),   a  burden.,  load 

opit'ex,  -Tels  (ni.),  a  maker 

6j>InIo,  -oiiTs  (f.),  an  opinion 

oppldum,  -1  (n.),  a  town 

opponerS,  to  oppose 

opposltiis,  -ft,  -uni,   opposite 

(ops),  opts  (t'.),  help;  opes, 
6i)uni  (pi.,  t\)j  wealth 


—    143   — 


optabllls,  -€,  desirable 

optlme,  best^  in  the  best  manner 

optimtis,  -&j  -thUj  best 

opus,  -dris  (n.),  a  work 

orft,  -ae  (f.),  a  coast 

Oraculuin,  -i  (n.),  an  oracle 

orare,  to  pray 

Oratio,  -ouis  (f.),  a  speech 

orator,  -oris  (ra.),  a  speaker 

orbis,  -  (m.),  a  circle;  orbis 
terrarum,  the  whole  earth 

ordO,  -inls  (m.),  order.,   a  row 

orlens,  -tis  (m.),  the  east 

orlgo,  -mis  (t*.),  origin 

ornamentiini,  -i  (n.),  an  orna- 
ment 

ornatGs,  -ft,  -flni,  adorned 

ortils,  -lis  (m.),  rising 

OS,  Oris  (n.),  the  mouth 

OS,  ossis  (n.),  a  bone 

ostliini,  -1  (n.),  a  door 

ovis,  -  (f.),  a  sheep 

Ovum,  -i  (n.),  an  egg 

P. 

pabulGm,  -I  (n.),  food,  feed 
paedagOgils,  -i  (m.),  a  pedagogue 
paeniusulft,-ae  (f.),  see  peninsulft 
paglnft,  -ae  (f.),  a  page 
palara,  openly 
palat  iGm,  -i  (n.),  a  palace 
paleft,  -ae  (f.),  chaff 
palllOluni,  -i  (n.),  a  coat 
palmft,  -ae  (f.),  the  palm  (of  the 

hand) 
pal  lis,  -iidis  (f.),  a  bog.,  swamp 
paluster,    -rls,    -r5,    swampy; 

avis    palustrls,    a    bii^d  of  a 

swamp,  wader 
panis,  -  (m.),  bread 
papavgr,  -is  (n.),  the  poppy 


papiliO,  -onis  (m.),  a  butterfly 

par,  paris,  equal 

paragrapliGs,  -i  (f.),  apai^agraph 

parare,  to  prepare 

parens,  -tis  (m.  and  f.),  a  parent 

parerd,  to  submit 

paries,  -etis  (m.),  a  wall 

Parltis,  -ft,  -iim,  Parian 

pars,  -tis  (f.),  a  j^art,  side;  ab 

onnii  part^,  in  every  respect 
parsImOnlft,  -ae  (f.),  frugality 
partus,  -lis  (m.),  birth 
parvus,  -ft,  -iim,  little,  small 
I)ascha,  -tis  (n.),  Easter 
passer,  -is  (m.),  a  sparrow 
pastIO, -onis  (f.),  a  jiasturing 
pastor,  -oris  (m.),  a  shepherd 
patens,  open 

pat^r,  -ris  (m.),  a  father 
patlens,  patient 
patlenter,  patiently 
patlentlft,  -ae  (f.),  patience 
patientissImG,  most  patiently 
patlentlus,  moi^e  patiently 
patlnft,  -ae  (f.),  a  pan 
patrlft,    -ae    (f.),    one's   native 

land;  home 
pauci,  -ae,  -ft,  few,  a  few 
pauper,  -is,  2^^or 
paupertas,  -atis  (f.),  poverty 
pavft,  -ae  (f.),  a  p)eahen 
pavO,  -onis  (m.),  a  peacock 
pax,  pads  (f.),  peace 
pecten,  -inis  (m.),  a  comb 
pecttis,    -dris   (n.),   the  breast^ 

heart 
pc^cu,  -lis  (n.),  cattle 
pecanift,  -ae  (f.),  money 
p6ciis,  -iidis  (f.),  a  head  of  cattle, 

an  animal 
pgdSs,  -itis  (m.),  afoot-soldier 
pejOr,  -fis,  worse 


—    144    -^ 


pelu.irfis,  -1  (n.),  the  sea 
pellC're,  to  drive  aivcn/ 
pelta,  -ac  (f.),  a  small  shield 
penes  (with  accus.),  in  the  x>ow- 
er  of 

peninsula,  -ao  (f.),  a  j)eninsula 
penna,  -ac  (I'.j,  apcn^  feather 
IVnnsilvunia,  -ae  (f.),  PennsyU 

vania 
per  (witli  aecus.),  through^  for, 

by,  daring 
per  (united  witli  the  adjective  in- 
to one  word),  very 
I)crdilllellis,  -e,  very  hard 
perteetus,  -a,  -uiii,  perfect 
l)ertii(iris,  -a,  -ilm,  perfidious 
pr-rleulosus,  -a,  -fiin,  dangerous 
prTlcrduin,  -1  (n.),  danger,  j^^'ril 
perltus,  -a,  -uiii,  experienced 
pernlelusus,    -a,    -ilin,    perni- 
cious^ deMructive 
pernoetiire,    to   stay   all   vight 

long 
persona,  -ae  (f.),  a  j)crson 
persniiare,      to     sound,     ring 

through 
pertlner*^  ad,  to  belong  to 
pes,  ixulls  (m.),  a  foot 
pessuniis,  -a,  -fiiii,  u'07'st 
pestllrr,  -a,  -uni,  pestiferous 
prtcre,  to  strive  for 
pliareti-a,  -ae  (t"),  a  qitirer 
phoenix,  -TeTs  (ni.),  the phenix 
I>Tca,  -ae  (f.),  tJie  magpie 
pTi2:er,  -rjl,  -ruin,  lazy 
pii^ritla,  -ae  (t.),  laziness 
pila,  -ae  (f.),  a  ball  (forx)laying) 
I)ini,^ere,  to  paint 
piper,  -IS  (n.),  pepper 
plrata,  -ae  (m.),  ajnrate 
pirfis,  -1  (f.),  a  j)ear-tree 
piscutor,  -uris  (m.),  a  fisherman 


piscTs,  -  (m.),  a  fish 
pix,  picTs  (f.),  pitch 
plaeere,  to  pjlease,  be  pleasing  to 
planta,  -ae  (f.),  a  plant 
plfiiea,  -ae  (f.),  a  street 
plel)s,  -is  (f.),  the  conunon people 
plenfis,  -a,  -xmi,  fall 
I)h' runique,  com mon ly 
ph'inia,  -ae  (f.),  a  feather 
phinibuin,  -i  (n.),  lead 
plrirlmiis,  -a,  -iini,  most 
plus,    pluris,   more;  plures,    -S 
or  -ia    (pL),    many^  several 
(opposed  to  unus) 
pluvia,  -ae  (f.),  rain 
pluviiis,  -{I,  -iim,  rainy 
poenia,  -tis  (n.),  a  poem 
poena,  -ae  (f.),  punishment 
l)oenitens,  repenting 
pnesTs,  -  (f.),  poetry 
pnetj\,  -ae  (m.),  a  p>oet 
pomus,  -i  (\\),  a  fruit-tree 
pone  (with  aecus.),  behind 
pons,  -tis  (m.),  a  bridge 
pupularTs,  -e,  popular 
poprdfis,  -1  (m.),  a  people 
pOprdus  -i  (f.),  a  p)oplar 
porro,  forward 
l)ortil,  -ae  (t),  a  gate 
portiirS,  to  convey^  carry 
I)ortTcris,  -fis  {{'.),  a  gallery 
portiis,  -lis  (m.),  a  harbor 
I)Ossidere,  to  possess 
post  (witli  accus.),  behind,  after; 
postC'hristum  natuni,  after  the 
birth  of  Christ 
postea,  afterwards 
postei'Tor,  -lis,  posterior 
posteriis,   -a,  -fun,  following 
I)ost renins,  -S,  -fim,  last,  latest 
postCilare,  to  require 
postumus,  -a,  -um,  last,  latest 


—    145    — 


potens,  mighty 
potest  as,  -atis  (t*.),  power 
pOtiG,  -ouis  (f.),  a  drink,  drink- 
ing 
potidr,  -lis,  preferable 
potissTmiis,  -a,  -uin,  most  im- 

j)ortant 
prae  (witli  abUit.),  for,  before,  in 

comparison  ivith 
praebere,  to  gire 
praeceptor,  -oris  (m.),  a  teacher 
^vdiQCQ\)ivi\n,-\{\\.),aprecept,rule 
praeclarus,  -S,,  -lim,  celebrated 
praedil,  -ae  (f.),  prey 
praeditiis,  -S,,  -iim,  endowed 
praedO,  -oiiis  (m.),  a  robber 
praelliiiu,-!  (n.),    see  proeliuni 
praemiiim,  -i  (n.),  a  reward 
praesSs,  -idis  (m.),  a  president 
praesidluni,    -i    (n.),    a  guard, 

support 
praestans,  excellent 
praeter  (with  accus.),  pas^,  beside, 

except 
praeteritus,  -il,  -iim,  past 
prattim,  -i  (n.),  a  meadow 
pretlOsiis,   -S,,   -iim,   jirecious, 

valuable 
pivtiiim,  -1  (n.),  aptrice 
(prex,  precis),  usually  pi.:  preces, 

preciim  (f.),  a  prayer 
prlinariiis,  -&,  -iim,  j^rimary 
])rlinuni,  first 

prlniiis,  -il,  -fim,  the  first,  fore- 
most 
priiicops,  -ipis  (m.),  a  chief 
])rT6r,  -iis,  j^^^i^^^^^i  former 
pro  (with  ablat.),  for,  instead  of 
probiis,  -Si,  -iim,  upright,  good 
procella,  -ae  (f.),  a  storm 
procerus,  -a,  -iim,  tall 
proditdr,  -oris  (m.),  a  traitor 


proeliiim,  -i  (n.),  a  battle 
prSfundfis,  -a,  -iim,  deep 
progenies,  -ei  (t'.),  offspring 
prOniis,  -a,  -iim,  prone 
prope  (with  accus.),  near 
propinquus,  -li,  -iim,  near 
proi)idr,  -iis,  nearer 
proplus  (adv.),  nearer 
propter  (with  accus.),  on  account 

of  close  by 
l)rora,  -ae  (W),  the  prow 
prosper,  -3,,  -iim,  prosperous; 
prospera  fort  una,  good  fortune 
pi-overbiiim,  -i  (n.),  a  proverb 
prdvldiis,  -a,  -iim,  provident 
proxime  (adv.),  nearest 
proxlniiis,  -3,  -iim,  nearest 
prudens,  prudent,  sensible 
prudentia,  -ae  (f.),  prudence 
publlciis,  -a,  -iim,  public;  rCs 

publica,     the    commonwealth, 

state,  republic 
puelia,  -ae  (f.),  a  girl 
piler,  -i  (m.),  a  boy 
l)uerltla,  -ae  (f.),  boyhood 
pugll,  -is  (in.),  a  boxer,  pugilist 
l)UgIo,  -oiiis  (in.),  a  dagger 
pugnarc,  to  fight,  contend 
pulcher,  -ra,  -riim,  beautiful, 

fine 
pulchre,  finely 

pulchrltudo,  -inis  (f.),  beauty 
pulmo,  -oiiis,  (in.),  a  lung;  pul- 

mones,  the  lungs 
pulvis,  -eris  (m.),  dust 
})uppis,    -   (f.),  the  stern 
purgare,  to  purify 
puriis,  -a,  -iim,  pure,  clean 
puteiis,  -i  (m.),  a  well 
putrldiis,  -S,  -iim,  rotten 
pyxis,  -  (f.),  a  box 


—    U6   — 


Q. 


quaarag^ni,    -ae,   -a,   forty  by 

f'^^^U',  forty  at  a  time 
(iurulrag«\sjriiri.s,    -a,    -iiiii,    the 

fortieth 
flurulrui^qCs,  forty  times 
(luadrrinintd,  forty 
qurKlrlLMiiiiuin,  -i  (n.),  the  space 

of  4  years 
qiiadririi^-eiiT,  -ae,  -a,  four  hun- 
dred  by  four  hand  red  J  four 
hundred  at  a  time 
quadrin.i^^entr'sTinus,  -S,  -liin,  the 

four  hundredth 
quctariiiiroiill,     -ae,       A,     four 

hundred 
qufi(lnnirentiOs,    four    hundred 

times 
quadrupes,     TmITs  (in.),  a  ftur- 

footed  animal^  quadruped 
qiuldruplex,  -Tels,  tourfohl 
quiulruplus,  -a,  -  fim,  four  times 

as  great 
qua€%  see  qui 

quaecuiKiue,  see  quicunque 
quaerere,  to  look  out  for 
qnaestio,  -oiiis  (f.),  a  question 
quails,  -e,  such  as;  what. .  .  ?  of 
what  sort?  tails. .  .qufdls,  such 
■ .  .as;  like, .  .like 
quando?  lohen  ? 
quantum?  how  much? 
quant  us,  -S,  -uiii,  as  great;  how 
great  ?    taut  us . . .  quant  us,    so 
great. . .  as 
quartfis,  -a,   -um,    the  fourth; 
quartus    ileclmus,     the    four- 
teenth 
quasi,  as  if  so  to  speak 
quater,  four  times 
quaterdecles,  fourteen  times 


quaterni,  -ae,  -a,  four  by  four, 
four  at  a  time;  quaterni  deni, 
fourteen  by  fourteen,  fourteen 
at  a  time 

quatIO,  /  shake 

(luatriduam,  -i  (n.),  the  space  of 
4  days 

quattilOr, /ojtr 

(luattuurdeclOs,  fourteen  times 

quattunrd(Vini,  fourteen 

que  (to  be  appended  to  the  word), 
and 

quercfis,  -us  (f.),  an  oak 

(lul,  quae,  (juod,  who,  which, 
that;  qui,  he  ivho;  quae,  those 
things  which 

quia,  because 

quieunqu?,  quaecunque,  quod- 
cu  iKiu e,  ichoe ver,  ich  iche  ver, 
whatever 

quid  ?  tvhat? 

quidam,  quaedam,  quiddam,  quod- 
dam,  some  one,  a  certain  one 

(lules,  -etts  (W),  rest 

quIlibet,quaeinK^t,quidin)r't,quod- 

llbet,  any  one,  any  thing  you 

please 
quincuplex,  -  Teis,  fivefold 
quiiideeles,  fijleen  times 
(iuindecim,  fifteen 
quingCni,  -ae,  -a,  five  hundred 

by  five  hundred,  five  hundred 

at  a  time 
quingentOsimfis,  -a,  -um,  the  five 

hundredth 
quingenti,  -ae,  -&,  five  hundred 
quingentiGs,  five  hundred  times 
qulni,  -ae,  -^,  five  by  five,  five  at 

a  time;  quinl    ^^\n,  fifteen  by 
fifteen,  fifteen  at  a  time 
quinquageni,  -ae,  -^,  fifty  by  fifty, 
fifty  at  a  time 


-    141    — 


quinquagOsimfls,    -a,   -iSni,   the 

quinquagiOs,  fifty  times     [fiftieth 
quinquaginta,  -fifty;  quinquagiuta 

mllia,  fifty  thousand 
quinque,  five;  quinqu^  milla,  five 

thousand 
(luinciUR'S,  five  times 
(luin(iuIesdCcj(^s,  fifteen  times 
(luintus,  -a,  -um,  the  fifth;  quin- 

tus  decinius,  the  fifteenth 
quls?  quid?  who?  what? 
(iuis|)lam,  some  one,   any   one; 

(luidpIam,,90??ie^/<  i  ng,any  th  i  ng 
quisplam,  quaeplam,  quod])Iam, 

some,  any 
quisquain,  any  one;    quidquam, 

any  thing  (with  negatives) 
(iuis(jue,  quaeque,  quidciue,  quod- 

que,  each  one,  every  one;  as  an 

adj(H*tive:  each 
quiscpils,      quidquld,      whoever, 

whichever,  whatever 
quivls,  ({uaevls,  quidvis,  quodvTs, 

any  one,  any  thing  you  please 
quo  (with  comparatives),  the;  ([m 
(luocjue,  also  [. .  .^o,  the.  ..the 
i[mt  ?  how  many?  as  many  as; 

tot. .  .quot,  so  many  as 
quotannls,  ei-ery  year 
quotldianiis,  see  cotidlanus 
cuotldic,  see  cotldiG 

R. 

radix,  -ieis  (f.),  a  root 
ramus,  -i  (m.),  a  branch 
rana,  -ae  (f.),  a  frog 
rapa,  -ae  (f.),  a  turnip 
rapax,  rapacious,  of  prey;  animal 

rapax,  a  beast  of  prey 
raro,  seldom,  rarely 
rartls,  -a,  -idaw,  rare 


ratio,  -oiiTs  (f.),  reason,  under- 
standing 
ravis,  -  (f.),  hoarseness 
receptaculflm,  -i  (n.),a  receptacle 
r^cordatm,    -ouTs   (f.),    remem- 
reer(^are,  to  refresh         [brance 
reete,  rightly,  correctly 
reetissImC,  quite,  right 
rectiis,  -a,  -iim,  right 
redltus,  -iis  (in.),  a  return 
refrigerarS,  to  cool 
regere,  to  rule,  to  govern 
regina,  -ae  (f.),  a  queen 
regiO,  -oiiTs  {i\),a country, region 
regnum,  -i  (n.),  a  kingdom 
remeare,  to  fiow  back,  ebb 
reinediflm,  -i  (n.),  a  remedy 
remex,  -igis  (in.),  a  i^jwer 
(ren,    renis),  usually  \)\.:  reiies, 

-lim  (m.),  the  kidneys 
repere,  to  creep 

rei)etiti5,  -onis  (!'.),  a  repetition 
rCs,  rei  (f.),  a  tldng,  affair,  event; 
res    adversae,    adversity;  res 
publ  lea,     ///  e    co  m  m  o  n  wealth, 
state,  republic;  res  domestica, 
a  household  thing 
restis,  -  (f.),  a  rope 
retg,  -is  (n.),  a  net 
rdus,  -1  (m.),  the  defendant 
rex,  rGgis  (m.),  a  king 
rhedariiis,  -T  (m.),  a  coachman 
RhenGs,  -1  (m.),  the  Rhine 
rhrnoe(5ros,   -otis    (in.),    a  rhi- 
Rhodiis,  -1  (f.),  Rhodes    [noceros 
rlpa,    -ae    (f.),  the    bank   (of  a 
rivfls,  -1  (m.),  a  brook     [str^eam) 
robOr,  -Oris  (n.),  an  oak;  strength 
robustiis,  -a, -iim,  strong,  robust 
rodSrg,  to  slander 
Roma,  -ae  (f.),  Rome 
Romanus,  -a,  -um,  Roman 


—   148   — 


ms,  rorTs  fm.),  rlev^ 
njsa,  -ae  (f.),  n  rose 
rostrtini,  -i  (n.),  a  hrak 
rota^  -ae  (f),  a  irheel 
rutundus,  -a,  -uin,  round 
rubor,    ril,    ruin,  ml 
rulna,  -ae  (f.),  a  ruin 
rapes,  -Is  (f.),  a  rod- 
rus,  rurTs  (ii.),  the  countru 
riisticiis,  -T  (m.),  o  rountn/-mnn 
rust  lefts,    a,    uiii,  rural,  ru.siic; 
vita  rusticd,  country  life 

S. 

saoflirirum,  -i  (ii.),  sugar 
siicer,    r;!,    rum,  sacred 
Siiconlos,  -Otis  (ui.),  a  priest 
saeculuni.    i  (u.),  a  century 
saopr,    ofien-^    saopTus,    oftcncr- 

saepisslnu",  oflenc^t 
Silica X ,  saijac io  u s 
Raii'Tiiar*",  to  make  fat 
Ka.i;itta,  -  ae  (f.),  an  arrow 
sal,  sails  (in.),  salt 
salTre,  to  leap 
salsus,  -a,  -fun,  stdt 
sal  niter,     ris,      re,    salubrious 
sal  us,  -utTs  (1'.),  safety,  welfare 
salutarTs,  -e,  beneficial,    whole- 
some, salutary 
sanctus,  -si,    uni,  sacred. 
sauu'uls,  sano-uinis  (m.),  blood 
saultiis,  -iitls  (f.),  health 
sanus,  -a,  -uni,  sound,  healthy 
sapidus,  -a,  -uui,  savory 
sapiens,  -tis  (m.),  a  wise  man 
sapiens,  irise 

sapientia,  -ae  (f.),  icisdoni 
Scipor,  -oris  (m.),  taste 
sartor,  -oris  (m.),  a  tailor 
sat, satis  ad,  enough  for 


satur,  -ft,  -ftni,  sated 
saxftm,  -T  (n.),  a  rock 
scamnftni,  -i  (n.),  a  bench 
sceleratus,    -ft,    -um,    wicked^ 

criminal 
scelus,  -eris  (n.),  a  crime 
scheda,  -ae  (f.),  a  sheet  of  paper 
scliisnia,  -tls  (n.),  a  schism 
sehnUt,  -ae  (f.),  a  school 
scTpIo,  -onis  (m.),  a  staff 
scrlbjl,  -ae  (ni.),  a  clerk 
scrlhere,  to  write 
scriptus,  -a,  -um,  written 
so,  himself  herself  itself  one's 
self;  ivith  himself  herself  it- 
self   one's   self;    themselves j 
with  themselves 
seeare,  to  cut 

sec u  1  um ,  -i  (n. ) ,    see  saoo uliim 
sec  uni,  with  himself  herself  it- 
self one\<i  self  themselves 

secundum    (with    accns.),    aftei^, 
next  tOy  arroi'diny  to,  along 

secundus,  -a.  -um,  the  second 

seeurTs,  -  (f.),  an  are 

seeurltas,  -atis  (!".),  security 

sed,  but 

sedecl^s,  sixteen  times 

sedeclni,  sixteen 

Si' d ere,  to  sit 

sedes,  -is  (t*.),  a  seat 

sr-di'ditjis,  -  atis  {{'.),  industry 

sedillus,  -il,  -um,  busy 

se£:es,  -etis  (f.),  a  crop 

sella, -ae  (f.),  a  seat 

semel,    once;    semel    ct    vicies, 
twenty-one  times 

sfMueu,  -inis  (n.),  seed 

semper,  always  [lasting 

semi)Iternus,    -a,    -ilin,    ever- 

senectfis,  -utis  (f.),  old  age 

senex,  s^nls  (m.),  an  old  man 


—    149    — 


I 


Senex,  senis,  old 

Si'iii,  -ae,  -a,  six  by  six,  six  at 
a  time ;  sen!  deni,  sixteen  by 
sixteen,  sixteen  at  a  tunc 

senior,  -lis,  older 

sensfts,  -lis  (m.),  sense 

sententia,  -ae  (f.),  an  opinion 

sentire,  to  feel 

septem,  ,^er(?/i;  decern  etseptem, 
seventeen 

September,  -ris  (m.),  September 

S(^|)templex,  -leis,  sevenfM 

sei)tOni,  -ae,  -a,  seven  by  seven, 
seven  at  a  time ;  septOnl  dOnl, 
seventeen  by  seventeen^  seven- 
teen at  a  time 

septentrlO,  -oiiTs  (m.),  the  north 
wind;  septentrlones,  -um 
(pi.,  m.),  (the  s<wen  stars  near 
the  north  pole)  the  north 

septentrionfUis,  -e,  northern 

septlds,  seven  times 

septlesdecIOs,  seventeen  times 

sei)timus,  -a,  -um,  the  seventh; 
septimiis  declmus,  the  seven- 
teenth 

septingOni,  -ae,  -a,  seven  hun- 
dred by  seven  hundred,  seven 
hundred  at  a  time 

septingentesimus,  -a,  -um,  the 
seven  hundredth 

scptingenti,  -ae,  -a,  seven  hun- 
^^red  [times 

septingentles,     seven     hundred 

se|)tuagr'nT,  -ae,  -a,  seventy  by 
seventy,  seventy  at  a  time 

septuagGsImiis,     -a,    -iim,    the  j 
seventieth 

septuagles,  seventy  times 

septuaginta,  seventy        [as  great 

soptuplus,  -a,  -um,  seven  times 

Sf^pulcrtlm  -i  (n.)      ) 

sepulchriim,  -i  (n.)  |  ^  ^^^^^'^ 


serpniis,     -a,     -ftm,     cheerful, 

serene,  fair,  clear 
sericeils,  -a,  -iim,  silken 
series,  -ei  (!'.),  series 
sermo,  -oiiis  (m.),  a  talk,  conver- 
sation 
serpens,  -tis  (m.),  serpent 
serra,  -ae  (f.),  a  saxo 
servare,  to  maintain,  save 
servTre,  to  serve,  to  be  a  servant, 

slave 
scrvltfis,  -utTs  (f.),  slavery 
servus,  -i  (m.),  a  slave,  servant 
seta,  -ae  (f.),  a  bristle 
seu,  or;  sen. .  .sen,  whether. .  .or 
s^verus,  -a,  -uia,  strict,  severe 
sex,  six;  sex  mllTa,  six  thousand 
sexageni,  -ae,  -a,  sixty  by  sixty; 
sixty  at  a  time 

^Gxk^&mm\H,-Si,-VL\\\,the  sixtieth 
sexaglOs,  sixty  times 
sexaginta,  sixty 
sexceni,  -ae,  -a,  six  hundred  by 

six  hundred;  six  hundred  at  a 

time 
sexcenteslmils,  -a,  -ftm,  the  six 

hundredth 
sexcenti,  -ae,  -a,  six  hundred 
sexcentles,  six  hundred  times 
sexles,  six  times 
sexlesdecles,  sixteen  times 
sextus,  -a, -ftm,  the  sixth;  sextus 

declmus,  the  sixteenth 
sT,  if  lohen 
sibi,    to    himself,   herself,  itself 

one's  self;  to  themselves 
Slcllia,  -ae  (f.),  Sicily 
sidfts,  -6rTs  (n.),  a  star,  constel- 
signlflcare,  to  indicate      [lation 
signftm,  -1  (n.),  a  sign 
silva,  -ae  (f.),  a  ivood,  forest 
simia,  -ae  (f.),  a  monkey 


—    150   — 


sTniTlls,  -e,  like 

sTiiiilitrHiO,  -Tins(f.),  resemljJance 
simplex,  -icis,  simple,  single 
siiiiplu.s,  -a,  -uiii,  simple 
siiiG  (with  abliit.),  without 
singull,  -ae,  -  a,  om^  by  one,  one 
at  a  time;    singula  nriJiu,    a 
thousand   by   a    thousand,    a 
thousand  at  a  time 
sinister,  -ri\,  -ruiii,  lejl 
sTtis, -(f.j,  thirst 
situs,  -a,  -fun,  situate,  placed 
sive,  or;  sive...slve,  whether... or 
sOcer,  -1  (in.),  a  father-in-law 
socu'tas,  -litis  (i'.),  society 
sucius,  -i  (m.),  a  companion 
Srx-rutes,  -Is  (ni.),  Socrates 
sol,  -Is  (m.),  the  sun 
soiatlfiiii,  -1  (n.),  consolation 
solertra,  -ae  [{.),  see  solh^rtia 
solltrido,  -inTs  (W),  .solitude 
sollertia,  -ae  (f.),  skill 
Solon,  -IS  (m.),  Solon 
solstltiflni,  -T  (n.),  the  solstice 
soliis,  -a,  -iim,  alone 
sonmfis,  -1  (m.),  sleep 
sunns,  -1  (ni.),  a  sound 
sonlidns,  -ft,  -fnn,  dirty,  shabby 
soror,  -oris  (f.),  a  sister 
sors,  -tis  (f.),  a  lot 
spargere,  to  cast,  scatter 
Sparta,  -ae  {{'.),  Sparta      [ance 
species,  -ei  (f.),  a  shape,  appear- 
spectaefiirnn,  -i  (n.),  a  sight 
spectare,  to  look  [mirror 

speculnni,  -i  (n.),  a  looking-glass, 
specfts,  -lis  (m.),  a  den 
spes,  spel  (f.),  hope 
sphaerit,  -ae  (f.),  a  globe 
spina,  -ae  (f.),  a  thorn 
si)inth(}r,  -is  (n.),  a  bracelet 
splcn,  -is  (m.),  the  milt,  spleen 


splendidfis,  -a,  -iim,  splendid 
squama,  -ae  (f.),  the  scale  (of  a 
stabuiuin,  -i  (n.),  a  stable   [flsh) 
Stella,  -ae  (f.),  a  star 
stUQs,  -1  (ni.),  a  pencil 
stimulare,  to  prick  up 
stomaehus,  -i  (m.),  the  stomach 
strues, -IS  (W),  a  heap 
strutliio,  -onis  (m.),  an  ostrich 
studidsus,  -a,  -uni,  studious 
studlnni,  -i  (n.),  study 
stultitia,  -ae  (!'.),  folly 
stultus,  -i  (m.),  a  fool 
stultns,  -a,  -urn,  foolish 
suadere  (suaderej,  to  advise 
siluvis  (suuvisj,  -e,  sweet  (to  the 

senses  in  general),  j^leasant 
sub  (with  accus.),  under,  toicard, 
about;    sub   hlemem,    toicard 
winter;  sub  (with  abl.),  under 
subt^r  (with  accus.),  under,  be- 
neath [used 
suesc^re   (suescgrg),  to  become 
suT,    of  himself    herself    itself 

one's  self;  of  themselves 
sulfur,  -is  (n.)       ) 
sulphur,  -is  (n.)  j  *"^-/^^'^^^ 
sumere,  to  take  \preme 

summns,  -a,  -lini,  highest,  su- 
sCipellex,  sripellectilis  (f.),  furni- 
ture 
sCiper  (with  accus.),  above,  over; 
silper  (with  abhit.),  concerning 
siiperbire    (with    ablat.),    to    be 
proud  of 

superbOs,  -a,  -iim,  prowcZ 
silpercilliini,  -i  (n.),  the  eyebroio 
superHcIes,  -ei  (f.),  a  surface 
sup(^ri6r,  -iis,  superior,  upper 
sup?rtis,  -a,  -iim,  above 
Slipped  itarg,  to  furnish 
sfiprii  (with  accus.),  above 


—    151    — 


suprCmiis,  -a,   -iim,    supreme, 
sursilm,  on  high  [highest 

sus,  sills  (f.),  a  swine 
suspectus,  -a,  -iim,  suspected 
sutor,  -oris  (m.),  a  shoemaker 
suns,  -a,  -iim,  his,  her,  its,  their 

(own);    omnia    sua,  all  one's 

property 
sylluba,  -ae  (f.),  a  syllable 
symboliim,  -i  (n.),  a  symbol 

T. 

tril)elia,  -ae  (f.),  a  tablet 
taberna,  -ae  (f.),  a  shop 
tabrila,  -ae  (f.),  a  slate 
tacltiis,  -a,  -um,  silent 
tactiis,  -us  (ni.),  touch 
taedlum,    i  (n.),  tediousness 
talis,   -6,  such;    talis. .  .quails, 

such.,  .as,    like. .  .like 
lam,  so ;  tain . . .  quam,   so ..  .as ; 

as  well. .  .as 
tamen,  however,  yet 
tame t si,  although 
tamquam,  as  much  as,  so  to  speak 
tantum,  only  (to  be  placed  after 
the  word  to  which  it  belongs), 
but;  non  tantum... sed  etlam, 
not  only. .  .but  also 
tantOs,  -a,  -um,  so  great;  tan- 
tus . . .  quant  us,    so  great . . .  as; 
tantum,  so  much 
tardus,  -a,  -um,  slow 
taurus,  -i  (m.),  a  bull,  an  ox 
te,  thee,  from  thee;  you,  from  you 
te  (annexed  for  emphasis  to  tfi) 
tectiim,  -i   (n.),   a  roof 
tecum,  ivith  you,  yourself]  with 

thee,  thyself 
t6g5r6,  to  cover 
t^ges,  -etis  (f.),  a  covering 


tOgiiia.  -ae  (f.),  a  tile 
tegumcn,  -inis  (n.),  a  cover 
tellus,  -iiris  (f.),  earth     [a  cart) 
teniO,  -onis  (m.),  the  tongue  (of 
temperantia,  -ae  (f.),  temperance 
tempestas,  -atls  (f.),  a  storm 
tempi  iim,  -i  (n.),  a  temple 
tempiis,  -oris  (n.),  a  time;  tem- 

pils  anni,  a  season 
tcnebrae    (in    verse  tenebrae), 

-arum  {{'.),  darkness 
tenter,  -a,  -iim,  tender 
tenere,  to  hold 
tenuis,  -e,  slender,  thin 
teiiiis  (with  ablat.),  as  far  as,  up 
to;  pectorlbus  teniis,  up  to  the 
breast 
tepdr,  -oris  (m.),  tepidity 
ter,  tJirice;  ter  cH  vIciSs,  twenty 
three  times,  three  at  the  time; 
t6r    mines,     tht^e     thousand 
times;  ter  milleslmiis,  -a, -iim, 
the  three  thousandth 
terdecles,  thirteen  times 
tergiim,  -i  (n.),  the  back;  a  ter- 

go,  behind 
terni,  -ae,  -a,   three  by  three, 
three  at  a  time;  tenia  mllia, 
thj-ee  thousand  by  three  thou- 
sand, three  thousand  at  a  time; 
ternldeni,  thirteen  by  thirteen, 
thirteen  at  a  time 
terra,  -ae  (f.),  the  earth,  land; 
orbis  terrarum,  the  whole  earth 
terrere,  to  frighten 
terrestgr,  -ris,  -re,  terrestrial 
terribilis,  -e,  terrible 
terrSr,  -oris  (m.),  terror 
tertlus,  -a,  -um,  the  third;  ter- 
tius  decimus,   the    thirteenth; 
tertlus  et  vicesimus,  thetwenty- 
tess^ra,  -ae  (f.),  a  die        [third 


—    152    ~~ 


tostudo,  -Tills  (f.),  n  torfois-e 
ti'ter,  -  ra,  -rum,  s/tamrfKl,  foul 
thviitrfun,    I  (!!.),  a  theater 
thr'sjmrus,  -i  (in.),  a  treasure 
thorax,    iIcTs  (m.),  the  tjreast 
Tihrrls,  -  (m.j,  the  TUjcr 
tib!,  to  thee 
tii^ns,  -  (in.),  a  tirjer 
filiji,    ae  (f.),  a  lime-tree 
tirnerc',  to  fear 
iMiiidus,    a,    fun,  timid 
tlFMor,    oris  (ni.),  fear 
tiro,  -oiiTs  (in.),  a  ber/inner 
tnio,    oiiis  (in.),  a  fre-Ijrand 
tnlr-i-iire,  to  eiulure 
U)\\vri\  to  tal-e  airay 
tonsor,  -  oris  (in.),  a  harlter 
tnr,  so  mat} I/:  tnt .  .  .(pint, .so  luf(f))/ 
lotus,  -41,  -uni,  v'hofe        [. .  .r/.v 
tracliia,  -ae  (f.),  the  wind-pipe 
lrruir»re,  /o  Ar/;?r/  down 

tran(|uillus,  -a,  -um,  calm 

trims  (with  accus.),  across,  over, 
het/ond 

transit  us,    us  (ni.),  a  passage 

tivcfMiT,  -ae,  -a,  three  hundred 
hf/ three  hundred,  three  hun- 
dred at  a  time 

trecentrsinius,  a,  (ini,  the  three 
hundredth 

trrcenti,  -ao,  -il,  three  hundred 

tr(VontT(^s,  three  hundred  times 

trrMkVR^s,  thirteen  times 

tmlr^cini,  thirteen 

trt^s,  trla,  three 

trlbuer^,   to  award 

tribunal,  -alls  (n.),  a  tribunal 

trHms,  -ris(f.),  a  tribe 

trior-nl,  -ao,  -a,  thirty  by  thirty, 
thirty  at  a  time 

tricoslmus,  -a,  -ilm,  the  thirtieth 


o 

o 


triflf's,  thirty  times  [da>/s 

trl(h'ium,  -T  (n.),  the  space  of 
trlennlum  -i  (n.),  the  space  of 
trltoliuni,  -1  (n.),  clover     [yeaj's 
trT2:rsIinus,  -a,  -lim,  the  thirtieth 
trl«,^inta,  thirty 
trlnl,    -ao,   -jt,    thiy^e  by  three, 

three  at  a  time 
triplex,    Ms,  threefold,  triple 
triplus,  -a,  -um,  three  times  as 
yreaf;   trtplo  major  (by  three- 
fold laryer)  three  times  as  larye 
trlroniis,—  (f.),  a  trireme 
tristis,  -e,  sad 
tritlcuin,    T  (n.),  wheat 
troi)a('Uiii,  -1  (n.),  a  trophy 
tnincfls,  -1  (m.),  a  trunk 
tu,  thou,  you,  Othou,  0  you 

tabor,  -Is  (n.),  a  hump,  a  bunch 

t  Mi^n'irlilm,  -T  (n.),  a  cottage 

tuT,  of  thee 

tuni,  then;t\im. .  .tnni,  not(mly... 
but^  also;  irhile...so  too 

tnrl>o,  -TnTs  (in.),    whirlwind 

tnrj.Ts,  -e,  shameful 

turris,  -  (f.),  a  tower 

turtilr,  -IS  (m.),  a  turtle-dove 

tnssTs,  -  (f.),  a  cough 

tfitd,  safely 

tutus,  -a,  -ilni,  safe 

tuiis,  -a,  -liui,  thy,  your 

tyrannis,  -Tdis  (f.),  tyranny 

tyrannus,  -i  (m.),  a  tyrant' 

V. 

ub(ir,  -is  (n.),  a  teat 

ubt^r,  fertile 

ubi,    whei^e;     ub!  . 

ublqui^,  everywhere 

iillfls-a,  -flm,  any,  any  one 

ulnius,  -i  (f.),  an  elm. 


ibi,     where 
[ . .  there 


153    — 


ulterl5r,  -lis,  ulterior,  further 
iiltlmiis,  -a,  -lim,  last,  furthest 
ultra   (with  accus.),    beyond,   on 

the  further  side  of  2^ast 
umbra,  -ae  (t*.),  a  shade,  sJiadow 
umbrdsus,  -a,  -um,  shady 
um(iuam,  see  unquain 
iHifi,  together 
undocIOs,  eleven  times 
undeclin,  eleven 

undi'^clmus,  -a,  -iim,  the  eleventh 
undGnT,  -ae,  -a,  eleven  by  eleven, 

eleven  at  a  time 
undevIcOni,  -ae,  -a,  nineteen  by 

nineteen,  nineteen  at  a  time 
und('vlceslmus,    -a,    -um,     the 

nineteenth 
und("vTclOs,  nineteen  times 
undcvifrinti,  nineteen 
uuicuTs,  -  (in.),  a  claw,  talon 
univorsus,  -a,  ~nm,  all  together, 

whole;    unl versa     natura,    the 

vniverse 
uiKiuam,  ever,  at  any  time 
fiiius,  -a,  -um,  one;    unus  et  vl- 

or'slmus,    tlie   twentu-tirst 
unusquisque,  unaquaeque,  ununi- 

(luidque,  uiiumquodciue,   each, 

one,  every  one 
urbs,  -is  (f.),  a  city 
ursiis,  -1  (m.),  a  bear 
urtica,  -ae  (f.),  a  nettle 
risus,  -us  (m.),  use,  usage 
lit,  as,  like,  such  as-,  fit. .  .sTc,  as 

. .  .so 
uter,  -ris  (m.),  a  leather^n  sack 
ut5r,-ra,-rum,  which  (of  two)? 

who? 
utllis,  -€,  useful,  salutary 
utilitas,  -atis  (f.),  usefulness 
uva,  -ae  (f.),  the  grape 
uxor,  -oris  (f.),  a  wife,  consort 


V. 


vaeca,  -ae  (f.),  a  cow 
vacuiis,  -a,  -lim,  void  (of) 
valde,  irry,  very  much 
valere,  to  be  ivell 
valet udi),  -inis  (t'.),  health 
valldus,  -a,  -iim,  healthy,  strong 
vallis,  -  (f.),  a  valley 
vanltas,  -atis  (f*.),  vanity 
vanniis,  -i  (f.),  a  van 
vapor,  -oris  (m.),  steain,  vapor 
varietas,  -atis  (f.),  variety 
variiis,  -a,  -iim,  various 
vas,  vadls  (m.),  a  surety 
vas,  -is  (n.),  a  vessel 
vates,  -is  (in.),  ajirojdiet 
v^  (annexed  to  the  word),  or 
veetigai,  -alis  (n.),  tax,  income 
vehemens,  -tis,  impetuous,  vio- 
lent, severe 

vel,  even; or;  vfl.  .vol,  either,  .or 

velox,  -ocis,  fleet 

vena,  -ae  (f.),.a  vein 

vOnator,  -oris  (m.),  a  hunter 

vendere,  to  sell 

venCMiiim,  -i  (n.),  a  poison 

Yenetlae,  -ariim  (pi.,  f.),  Venice 

venire,  to  come 

venter,  -ris  (m.),  the  belly 

ventiis,  -i  (m.),  wind 

Yeniis,-eris  {t),the  (goddess)  Vc- 

vOr,  -is  (n.),  spring  [nus 

verber,  -is  (n.),  a  blow 

verbiim,  -i  (n.),  a  word 

vCrTtas,  -atis  (f.),  truth 

vermis,  -  (m.),  a  worm 

verniis,  -a,  -um,  belonging  to 
spring,  in  spring 

vero,  but 

versus  (with  aceus.  and  following 
its  case),  toward;  orientem  ver- 
sus, toward  the  east 


—    154   — 


vertex,  -Ms  (m.),  a  top 
venl,  -us  (n.),  a  .spit 
veruin,  -i  (n.),  th(^  truth 
veruin,  but  eve.n^  hut 
verfis,  -a,    fun,  true 
vesper,    I  (m.),  ereniurj 
vespertllio,    oiiis  (iii.),  a  hat 
vest^r,  -ra,    liiu,  ii<nir 
vestis,  -  (f.),  a  iln\s,s,  cloth  imj,  a 
vestrl,  vesti-fiiii,  of  you    [{/armrnt 
Vesuvius,  -T  (in.),   Ve.suriu.s 
vetiis,  -eris,  (>/(/,  anrimt 
vrtustus,  -a,  -fun,  oh  I 
via,    ae  (f.),  a  way^  road 
viator,  -oris  (m.),  a  trardrr 
vieeiil,  -sie,  -a,  twenty  by  tu-en- 
ty^  twenty  at  a   time;    vler'ni 
sinorui^  twenty-one  hy  twenty- 
onej    twenty-one  at    a    time; 
vleOiiI     bliiT,     twenty-two     by 
ticenty-twoy  twenty-two    at    a 
time;      vTeCnT    teriiT,    twenty- 
three  hy  twenty-three,  twenty- 
three  at  a  time 
vleesTmiis,     a,    -tim,  the  twen- 
tieth;   vleCsiiiiiis   prim  us,     the 
twenty-flr.st;  vieesimus  seeun- 
dus,  the  twenty-second 
vIeiCs,  twenty  times 
vTeluus,  -i  (III.),  a  neighbor 
vletoria,  -lie  (f.),  a  victory 
vldere,  to  see 

vT<,q-sinuls,-a,-uni,  the  twentieth 
viii:Il,   watchfuh  ah'rt 
vli^llantia,  ^ae  (f.),  watchfulness 
vlglllariuni,    -i    (n.),    a   watch- 
vi<,dntr,  twenty  [tincer 

vIlTs,  -«,  of  little  value,  rile 
villa,  -ae  (f.),  a  country  house 
vine^re,  to  conquer 
viuculOm,  -i  (n.),  a  bond 


vinuui,  -1  (n.),  trine 

vIOia,  -ae  (r.),  a  violet 

vipera,  -ae  (t'.),  a  viper 

vir,  -1  (111.),  a  man 

vir^O,  -inis  (f.),  a  maid,  virgin 

vlrldts,  -e,  (/reen 

viruls,  -fitis  (f.),  virtue,  valor 

virus,    I  (II.),  J  to  i  so  a 

vis     (without   i^eiiit.)  (f.),    force, 

poorer;    vires,     Tuni    (pi.   I'.j, 

forces,  strength 
VlsilS,  -us  (ill.),    sight 

vita,  -ae  (f.),  life;  vita  rust  lea, 
country  life 

vltare,  to  shun,  avoid 

vltluni,  -i  (m.),  a  vice,fiult 

vltrdlnus,     a,     fun,    of  a  calf, 
vituline;  earo  vlti'dlna,  veal 

vltuprrjire,  /o  blame 

vlvc^re,   to  live;  vivere   ])isen)us, 
to  live  on  fish 

vlviis,  -a,   -liin,   living;  argeii- 
tuin  vivuiii,  quicksilver 

vix,  hardly 

vOhis,  to  you,  from  you 

vdbiscuin,  with  you 

vneare,  to  call 

volare,  to  fly 

vnlfmieii.    This  (ii.),  a  volume 

vtMuutas,  -atis  (f.),   the  ivill,  a 

wish,  the  good-will 
voluptas,  -atis  (f.),  pleasure 
voniis,  -eris  (m.),  a  plowshare 
vos,  ye  or  you,  0  ye  or  0  you 
vox,  voeis  (f.),  a  voice 
vultrus,  -i  (n.),  the  crowd,  rabble 
vulnerare,  to  wound 
vuliius,  -eris  (n.),  a  wound 
vulpes,  -is  (f.),  a  fox 
vultur,  -IS  (m.),  a  vulture 
vulttis,  -us  (m.),  the  countenance 


—    155    — 


2.     ENGLISH  AND  LATIN  VOCABULARY. 


A. 

an  abbot,  abbas 

071  abode,  domicilium 

about,  circa,  circiter,  sub;  about 
to  be,  futurus 

above  (prep.),  super,  supra 

above  (being  above),  superus 

abundance,  copia 

according  to,  secundum 

on  account  of,  ob,  propter 

accurate,  accuratus 

Achilles,  Acliilles 

an  acorn,  glans 

across,  trans 

to  act,  agere 

adapted  for,  aptus  ad 

an  adder,  echidna 

adorned,  ornatus 

the  Adriatic,  Iladria 

adverse,  ad  versus 

adversity,  res  adversae 

advice,  consilium 

to  advise,  suadere 

an  affair,  res 
Africa,  Africa 

aftet^,  post;  secundum;  ajter  tlie 
birth  of  Christ,  post  Christum 
iiatum 
afterwards,  postea 
against,  adversum,  ad  versus,  con- 
tra, in 
the  agate,  achates 
an  age,  aetas;  old  age,  senectus 
to  agree,  congruere 
agreeable,  acceptus 
the  air,  8ier',the  upper  air,  aether 


alert,  vigil 

Alexander,  Alexander 

all,  omnis;  all  one's  property, 
omnia  sua;  all  things,  omnia; 
all  together,  uni versus 

to  allay,  levare 

almighty,  omnipotens 

almost,  fere 

alone,  solus 

along,  secundum 

already,  jam 

also,  etiam,  quoque 

an    altar,    ara;    a    high  altar, 
altare 

although,  tametsi 

always,  semper 
to  amend,  emendare 
America,  America 
American,  Americanus 
an  American  Indian,  Indius 
among,  apud,  inter,  in  (with  abl.) 
an  amphora,  amphora 
an  anchor,  ancora 
ancient,  antiquus,  vetus 
and,  ac,  atque,  et,  que  (append- 
ed); and  not,  nee,  neque 
anger,  ira 
an  angle,  angulus 
an  animal,  animal,  bestia,  pecus 
annals,  annalis 

to  announce,  annuntiare,  nuntiare 
another,  nVm^;  another  self,  alter 
an  ant,  formica  [idem 

Anthony,  Antonius 
Antiochus,  Antiochus 
an  anvil,  incus 


[y  ^Mft'aftBidM^gLiaftM  n 


—    lo6    — 


any,  quisplam,  iiUus;  rtri}j..you 
please^  quivis,  quilibet;  any 
onCj  aliciuis,  quisi>icim,  quis- 
quam;  any  one  youplea.^e,  i{\\\- 
vis,  ([wxWhQi]  any  till  ny,  aliciuid, 
quidpiani,  qui(I(iiiam;r//?///////jr/ 
you  please,  (luidlibet,  quo(]lil)et, 
quidvis,  quod  vis;  at  any  tinie^ 

Apollo,  Apollo  [unquam 

an  appearance,  species 

an  apple,  malum 

April,  Aprilis 

aquatic,  aquaticus 

an  aqueduct,  aquaeductus 

Arachne,  Araclino 

an  arbiter,  arbiter 

an  arch,  fornix 

an  architect,  architcctus,   Aiber 

arduous,  arduus 

the  arm,  bracchium,  brachium 

an  armor-bearer,  arniii^er 

an  armory,  armamentarium 


arms,  arm  a 


around,  eirea,  eircum 

an  arrival,  adventus 

an  arrow,  sagitta 

art,  ars 

an  as  (Roman  coin),  as 

as,  ut;  as  far  as,  tenus;«.s'  if,  ecu, 
quasi;  as  many  as,  quot;  as 
much  as,  tamquam;  as.. so, 
ut . .  sic ;  as  icell . .  ^.s-,  tam . . 
quam;  as  yet,  adhuc;  the  same 

ashes,  cinis  [as,  idem,  qui 

an  ass,  asinus 

at,  ad,  apud;  at  eight  o'clock,  octa- 

Atlantic,  Atlanticus         [va  bora 

atrocious,  atrox 

to  attend  to,  curare 

to  pay  attention,  attendere 

attentive,  attentus 

an  author^  auctor 


authority,  auotoritas 
the  autumn,  auctumnus 
auxiliary  troops,  auxilia 
avarice,  avaritia 
to  avoid,  vitare 
to  award,  tribuerc 
away  from,  a,  ab,  abs 
an  axe,  securis 
an  axis,  axis 
an  axle,  axis 

B. 

a  babe,  infans 

Bacchus,  Liber 

the  back,  dorsum,  tergum 

bad,  improbus,  malus 

badly,  male 

a  ball  (for  play  in  ff),  pila 

the  bank  (of  a  stream),  ripa 

a  banquet,  epulae 

a  barber,  tonsor 

a  bark,  cortex 

a  barn,  liorreum 

a  basis,  basis 

a  bat,  vespertilio 

tlie  (line  of)  battle,  acies 

a  battle,  j)roelium,  praelium 

to  be,  esse 

a  beak,  rostrum 

a  bean,  faba 

a  bear,  ursus 

a  beast,  bestia,  animal;  a  beast  of 

burden,  jumentum;  a  beast  of 

prey,  animal  rapax 
beautiful,  pulcher 
beauty,  pulchritudo 
because,  quia 
a  bee,  apis 
a  beech,  lagus 
beef,  caro  boum 
before  (prep.),  ante,  prae 


—   157   — 


before  (adv.),  antea 

a  beggar,  mendicus 

a  beginner,  tiro 

a  beginning,  initiura 

behind  (prep.),  pone,  post 

behind  (adv.),  a  tergo 

to  believe,  credere 

the  belly,  alvus,  venter 

to  belong  to,  pertinere  ad 

below  (being  below),  inferus 

a  bench,  scamnum 

beneath,  infra,  subter 

beneficent,  beneticus 

beneficial,  salutaris 

a  benefit,  beneficium 

benevolent,  benevolus 

beside,  juxta,  praeter 

best  (adj.),  optimus 

best  (adv.),  oi)time;  in  the  best 

manner,  optime 
letter  (adj.),  melior 
better  (adv.),  melius,  magis 
between,  inter 
beyond,  extra,  trans,  ultra 
big,  magnus  [avis  palustris 

a  bird,  avis;  a  bird  of  a  swamp, 
birth,  partus;  after  the  birth  of 

Christ,  i)ost  Christum  natum 
a  birthday,  natalis 
rf  bit,  frustum 
bitter,  acerbus,  amarus 
black,  ater,  niger 
to  blame,  vituperare 
blessed,  beatus 
blind,  caecus 
blood,  sanguis 
a  blossom,  flos 
a  blow,  verber 
the  blue-bottle,  C3'anus 
n  (wild)  boar,  aper 
(I  boat,  linter 
a  body,  corpus 


a  bog,  palus 

a  bond,  vinculum 

a  bone,  os 

a  book,  liber 

a  bookseller,  bibliopola 

bo7-n,  natus 

both,  ambo 

both.. and,  et..et 

a  box,  pyxis 

a  boxer,  pugil 

a  bow,  arcus 

a  boy,  puer 

boyhood,  pueritia 

a  bracelet,  spinther 

the  brain,  cerebrum 

bran,  furfur 

a  branch,  ramus 

brass,  aes 

brave,  fortis 

bravely,  fortiter 

bread,  panis 

the  breast,  pectus,  thorax;  vp  to 

the  breast,  pectoribus  tenus 
a  bridge,  pons 
a  bridle,  frena  (pi.) 
bright,  clarus 
brightly,c\arQ',more  brightly,c\ti~ 

rius;  most  brightly,  clarissime 
to  bring  forth,  gignere 
a  brink,  margo 
a  bristle,  seta 
Britain,  Britannia 
broad,  latus 
broken,  fractus 
a  brook,  rivus 
a  brother,  frater 
a  brother-in-law^  le\ir 
the  brow,  frons 
Brutus,  Brutus 
a  building,  aedificium 
a  bull,  taurus 
a  bunchy  tuber 


—    158    — 


a  bundle^  fascis 

a  burden^  onus 

a  burning,  combustio 

a  burning  heat,  ardor 

a  bu.Hines.%  negotium 

bu.vj,  sodulus 

buty  at,  autcm,  sed,  vero,  vcniin; 
tantuin;  but  even,  veruin;  but 
for,  absque;  but  rather,  x\U\\\\\ 
but  still,  eeterum 

a  butterflif,  [)apilio 

to  buy,  eniere 

by,  per;  close  by,  propter 

C. 

Ccfisar,  Caesar 

calamity,  fat  urn 

California,  Calitbrnia 

of  a  calf,  vituliiius 

to  call,  appellare,  vocare 

cahn,  tranquil  1  us 

a  camel,  eamelus 

a  (military)  camp,  castra  (i)I.) 

a  canal,  canalis 

a  captain,  eenturio 

a  carcass,  cadaver 

care,  eura 

careful,  diligens;  carefully,  dili- 
genter;  more  carefully,  diligen- 
tius;  most  carefully,  diligenlis- 

to  carry,  portare  [siuie 

to  cast,  si)argere 

a  cat,  felis 

cattle,    pecu;    a  head  of  cattle, 

a  cause,  causa  [pecus 

cavalry,  cMiuitatus 

to  cease,  <lesinere 

to  celebrate,  celebrare 

celebrated,  praeelarus 

a  century,  saeculum,  secuhim 

certain,  certus;  a  certain  one, 
quidam 


chaff,  palea 

chalk',  creta 

a  change,  mutatio 

to  change,  mutare 

a  channel,  canalis 

character,  ingenium 

Charlemagne,  Carolus  Maguus 

Charles,  Carolus 

charm,  lepos 

charming,  amoenus 

a  cheek,  gena 

cheerful,  liilaris,  sercnus 

a  chick-pea,  cicer 

a  chief  princeps 

a  child,  int'ans;  children,  liberi 

a  choir,  chorus 

Christ,  Christus;  after  the  birth 
of  Christ,  i)ost  Christum  natum 
Cicero,  Cicei'o 
a  circle,  orbis 
a  citadel,  arx 
the  cithara,  cilhara 
a  i'itizen,  civis 

a  city,  urbs;  city  walls,  moenia 
a  claw,  unguis 
clean,  i)urus 
clear,  clarus,  serenus 
a  clerk,  scriha 

at  eight  o'clock,  octava  hora ;  2ch(U 
o'clock  is  it  ?  quota  nora  est  ? 
close  by,  propter 
clothing,  vest  is 
a  cloud,  nul)es 
cloudy,  nubihis 
clover,  tri folium 
a  club,  fust  is 
a  coachman,  rhedarius 
a  coast,  ora 
a  coat,  palliolum 
a  coin,  nuramus 

cold  (noun),  frigus;  icy  cold,  gelu 
cold  (adj.),  frigidus 


—    159    — 


the  collar-bone,  jugulum 

Collatin  us,  Collatinus 

a  color,  color 

a  comb,  pecten 

to  come,  venire 

comfortable,  commodus 

a  coming,  adventus 

coming,  futurus 

a  commander-in-chief,  imper- 
ator 

common,  communis;  the  common 
Xteople,  plel)s 

commonly,  plerumciue 

the  common  weaUh,  res  publica 

a  companion,  conies,  socius 

in  comparison  ivith,  prae 

to  comjnie,  certare 

concave,  cavus 

to  be  concealed,  latere 

concerning,  de,  super 

to  conquer,  vincere 

conscience,  conscicntia 

considerable,  {di(iuantus 

to  consist  of  const  are  ex 

consolation,  solatium 

a  consort,  uxor 

constancy,  constantia 

a  constellation,  sidus 

a  co7isul,  consul 

to  contend,  pugnare 

contented,  contentus 

contrary,  contrarius;  on  the  con- 
trary, at 

convenient  for,  ai)tus  ad 

a  conversation,  sermo 

to  convey,  portare 

a  (female)  cook,  coqua 

a  (male)  cook,  coquus 

cooked,  coctus 

to  cool,  refrigerare 

copper,  aes,  cuprum 

corn,  far,  frumentum 


a  corner,  angulus 

a  corpse,  cadaver 

correctly,  recte 

a  cottage,  tugurium 

a  cough,  tussis 

a  council,  concilium 

the  countenance,  vultus 

a  country,  regio 

the   country,    rus;    a    country 

house,  villa;  country  life,  vita 

rustica 
a  country-mail,  rusticus 
courtesy,  comitas 
a  coiner,  tegumen 
to  cover,  tegere 
covered,  obrutus 
a  coveriyig,  teges 
a  cow,  vacca 
a  crane,  grus 
a  creator,  creator 
credulous,  credulus 
to  creep,  reperc 
Crete,  Creta 
a  crime,  scelus 
criminal,  sceleratua 
a  ci^op,  seges 
a  cross-path,  limes 
a  crow,  cornix 
the  crowd,  vulgus 
a  crown,  corona 
to  crown,  coronare 
to  cry,  clamare 
cultivation,  humanitas 
culture,  cultura 
cunning  (noun),  calliditas 
cunning  (adj.),  astutus 
a  cup,  calix 
the  curtain  (of  a  theater),  au- 

laeum 

custom,  consuetudo,  mos 
to  cut,  secare 
a  cylinder,  cylindrus 


~    IGO    — 


D. 


a  dagger^  pugio 

daily  (adj.),   cotidianus,  quoticii' 
anus 

daily  (adv.),  cotidie,  quotidic 

damage^  damnum 

iJanaej  Danae 

a  dance  in  a  ring^  chorea 

danger^  perieulum 

danger ou,%  periculosus 

the  Danube,  Dauubius 

dark  J  ater 

darkness,  tenebrae 

a  daughter,  filia 

the  dawn,  aurora 

a  day,  dies;  the  space  of  ^  days, 
biduum;  the  space  of  3  days, 
triduum;  the  space  of  A  days, 
(lUiitriduum;  to-day,  liodie;  up 
to  this  day,  adhuc 
dead,    mortuus;    a    dead    hody^ 

cadaver 
deadly,  mortifer 
a  great  deal,  majjcna  copia 
dear,  carus;  my  dear,  dulcissime 
death,  mors,  obitus 
December^  December 
a  deed,  actio,  factum 
deep,  profundus 
a  deer,  cenus 
defeat,  clades 
to  defend,  defendere 
the  defendant,  reus 
a  defender,  defensor 
degenerate,  degener 
to  deliberate,  deliberare 
to  delight,  delectare 
delightful,  amoenus 
to  deliver,  liberare,  habere;    to 
deliver   a   speech,   urationem 
habere 


Delphic,  Delphicus 

a  den,  specus 

dense,  densus 

to  desert,  deserere 

desirable,  optabilis 

desire,  libido 

to  despise,  contenmere 

to  destroy,  delere 

destructi  ve,  perniciosus 

to  devastate,  devastare 

devoted,  addictus 

to  devour,  devoraro 

dew,  ros 

a  diadem,  dladema 

a  dialect,  dialectus 

the  diamond,  adamas 

a  die,  aiea,  tessera 

to  die,  mori 

different,  diversus 

difficult,  ditficilis;  very  difficult, 

I)erditticilis 
a  difficulty,  ditTicultas;  difficul- 
ties,  aspera;    with  difficulty, 

digestion,  digestio  [iJlitticile 

digs,  fodit 
a  dike,  agger 
diligence,  diligentia 
diligent,  diligens 
dinner J  coena 
a  diphthong,  diphthongu^ 
dirty,  sordid'is 
a  disciple,  dis^ioulus 
a  disease,  morbus 
diseased,  aegrotans 
to  disjilease,  displicere 
dispos it  ion,  I ngeuium 
a  distaff,  cokis 
a  ditch,  fossa 
divine,  divinus 

to  do,  age  re;  pray,  what  are  you 
doing?  quidnam  agis  ?  to  do 
harm,  nocere 


—    161    — 


docile,  docilis 

a  dog,  canis 

a  dolphin,  delpliinus 

domestic,  domesticus 

a  door,  janua,  ostium 

a  dormouse,  glis 

double,  duplex 

a  doubt,  dubium 

doubtful,  dubius 

a  dove,  columba 

down  from,  de 

a  dowry,  dos 

a  drachm,  a  drachma 

to  dread,  formidare 

a  dre^'^s,  vestis 

a  drink,  potio 

to  drink,  bibere 

a  drinking,  potio 

to  drive  away,  pellere 

a  drop,  gutta 

to  dry,  arescere 

a  duck,  anas 

during,  per 

dust,  pulvis 

a  duty,  officiura 

to  dwell,  habitare 

E. 

each,  quisque;  each  one,  quisque, 
unusquisque;  M;i//i  each  other, 

an  eagle,  aquila  [inter  se 

tJie  ear,  auris 

the  earth,  terra,  tellus;  the  whole 
earth,  orbis  terrarum 

easily,  facile;  more  easily,  faci- 
lius;  most  easily,  facillime 

the  east,  oriens 

Easter,  pascha 

easy,  facilis 

to  eat,  edere 

to  ebb,  remeare 


echo,  echo 

to  eclipse,  obscurare 

educated,  eruditus 

efficient,  etiicax 

an  egg,  ovum 

Egypt,  Aegyptus 

eight,  ocio',  eight  at  a  time,  octoni; 
eight  by  eight,  octoni;  eight 
times,  octies;  eight  times  as 
great,  octuplus;  eight  hundred, 
octingenti;  eight  hundred  at  a 
time,  octingeni;  eight  hundred 
by  eight  hundred,  octingeni; 
eight  hundred  times,  octingen- 
t\es;the  eight  hundredth,  octin- 
gentesimus 

eighteen,  duodeviginti;  eighteen 
at  a  time,  duodeviceni,  octoni 
deni;  eighteen  by  eighteen, 
duodeviceni,  octoni  deni;  eigh- 
teen times,  duodevicies,  octies 
decies 

the  eighteenth,   duodeviccsimus, 

octavus  decimus 
the  eighth,  octavus 
the  eightieth,  octogesimus 
eighty,  octogmta, eighty  at  i;  time, 
octogcni;  eighty  by  eighty,  oc- 

togeni;  eighty  times,  octogies 
either . .  or,  aut . .  aut;  vel . .  vel 
elegant,  elegans 
elegantly,  eleganter 
an  elephant,  elephantus,  eleplias 
eleven,  undccim ;  eleven  at  a  time, 

undeni ;  eleven  by  eleven,\m(iQm  j 

eleven  times,  undecies 
the  eleventh,  undecimus 
an  elm,  ulmus 
emotion,  motus 
an  emperor,  imperator 
empire  (over),  imperiura 


—    162    — 


an  end,  finis 
endlefiSy  irifinitus 
endowed,  praeditus 
to  endure,  tolerare 
an  enemy,  host  is;  inimicus 
EnglUh,  Anglicus 
an  enigma,  aoni^ma 
enough,  sat,   satis;  enough  for, 
entire,  intei^or  [satis  ad 

eni^y,  invidia 
equal,  par 
an  error,  error 
an  estimate,  aostimatio 
eternal,  aoternus 
eternity,  acternitas 
Europe,  Europa 
even,  et,  etiani,  vel 
evening,  vesper 
an  event,  res 
ever,  unqiiam,  iimquam 
everlasting,  sem[)iteriius 
every,  oninis;  everyone,  quisqiie, 
iinusquis(iiie;  every  thing,  oni- 
everywhere,  ubi(iue  [nia 

an  evil,  malum 
an  example,  exem{)lum 
excellent,  praestans 
except,  |)raeter 
to  exercise,  exercere 
experienced,  peritus 
exterior,  exterior 
external,  extern  us 
extreme,  extimus,  extreiuus 
the  eye,  oculus 
the  eyebrow,  supercilium 


F. 


the  face,  faeies 
fair,  serenus 
faith,  fides 
faithful  J  fidus 


to  fall,  cadere 

fallacious,  fallax 

a  fallow-deer,  dama 

false,  falsus 

tame,  fama 

famous,  celeber,  clarus 

far   (adj.),    lon^inquus;    by  fa?', 

far  (adv.),  multo      [longe,  multo 

a  farmer,  agricola 

to  fashion,  fingere 

fast  (ac^j.),   celer 

fast  (adv.),  eelwriter 

a  fast-da y,  j  ej  un i um 

fat,  adei)s 

to  make  fat,  saginare 

a  father,  pater 

a  father-in-law,  socer 

a  fault,  vitium 

favorable,  benignus 

fear,  metus,  timor 

to  fear,  timere 

a  feather,  penna,  \)\\\mdL',  without 
feathers,  iniplumis 

February,  Februarius 

feed,  pal)uluni 

to  feed,  alere 

to  feel,  sen  tire 

that  fellow,  iste  liomo 

a  fellow-citizen,  civis 

a  female,  femina 

fertile,  fecundus,  feililis,  frugifer, 
uber 

festal,  festus 

a  fetter,  eompes 

a  fever,  tebris 
few,  a  few,  pauci 

afield,  ager,  campus 
fierce,  ferox 

fifteen,  quindecim;  fifteen  at  a 
time,  quini  deni;  fifteen  by  fif- 
teen, quini  deni;  fifteen  times, 
quindecies,  quinquiesdecies 


—    163    — 


the  fifteenth,  quintus  decimus 
the  fifth,  quintus 
the  fiftieth,  quinquagesimus 
fifty,  (\\xm(\xiiig\ni2i;  fifty  at  a  time, 
qumquagem',  fifty  by  fifty,  qiiin- 
quagem;  fifty  thousand,  quin- 
quaginta    milia;    fifty   times, 
quinquagies 
to  fight,  dimicare,  pugnare 
finally,  denique 
fine,  pulcher 
finely,  pulchre 
a  finger,  digitus 
a  finger-ring,  anulus,  annul  us 
finished,  actus 

fire,  ignis;  vomiting  fire,  ignivo 
afire-brand,  titio  fmus 

afire-bucket,  hama 
firm,  firmus 
the  first,  primus 
first,  primum 
a  fish,  piscis 
a  fisherman,  piscator 
fit  for,  aptus  ad 
fitted  for,  aptus  ad 
five,  quinque ;  five  at  a  time,  quini ; 
five  by  five,  quini;  five  hun- 
dred, quingenti;  five  hundred 
at  a  time,  quingeni;  five  hun- 
dred by  five  hundred,   quin- 
geni ;,^i'e/mnfZre(Z  times,  quin- 
genties;  the  five   hundredth, 
quingentesimus;  ^re  thousand, 
quinque     milia;    five    times, 
quinquies 
fivefold,  quincuplex 
fixed,  certus 

flame,  flamma  [rusca 

flashes  of  lightning^  fulgura  co- 
flashing,  coruscus 
flattery,  adulatio 
fleecy^  laniger 


fleet  (adj.),  velox 

fleeting,  fluxus 

a  flight,  fuga;  to  put  to  flighty 

fugare 
a  flock,  grex 
a  flood,  fluctus 
to /oi^,  atfluere,  fluere;   to  flow 

back,  remeare 
a  flower,  flos 
a  fly,  musca 
to  fly,  volare;  to  fly  away^  avo- 

lare;  to  fly  up,  evolare 
a  fog,  nebula 
foliage,  frons 
following,  posterus 
folly,  stultitia 
food,  cibus,  esca,  pabulum 
a  fool,  stultus 
foolish,  stultus 
afoot,  pes 
a  foot-soldier,  pedes 
for  (prep.),  pro,  ob,  per,  prae, 

contra 
for  (conj.),  enim,  nam 
force,  vis 
the  forehead,  frons 
the  foremost,  primus 
a  forest,  silva 

former,  prior;  the  former,  ille 
the  fortieth,  quadragesimus 
fortunate,  felix,  fortunatus 
fortune,    fortuna;  good  fortune, 

prospera  fortuna 
/or^i/,  quadraginta;/or^?/  at  a  time, 
qna^drsigem',  forty  by  forty,  qua- 
drageni ',  forty  itme^'jquadragies 
forward,  porro 
foul,  teter 

a  foundation,  fundamentum 
four,   quattuor;  four  at  a  time, 
quaterni;  four  by  four,   qua- 
terni;  four  hundred^  quadrin- 


—    164   — 


genil'yfour  Jiundred  at  a  ilme^ 
quadringeni; /our  hundred  by 
four  hundred^  quadringeni;  the 
four  hundredth,  quadringen- 
tesimus;  four  hundred  times, 
quadringenties;  four  tinief^, 
quater;  four  times  as  great, 
(luadniplus;  the  spare  of  four 
dai/s^  qnatriduura;  the  space  of 
four  years,  quadrit'iinium 

fourfold,   (luadrui)lex 

afourfooted  animal,  ([uadrupcs 

fourteen,i{U'diinovdtH'\m;  fourteen 
at  a  time,  quatcrni  deni;  four- 
teen by  fourteen,  (luaterni  deni; 
fourteen  times,  quaterdecies, 
quattuordecies 

the  fourteenth,  quartus  deciiiius 

the  fourth,  quartus 

a  fowler,  auceps 

afo.v,  vuli)es 

fragile,  fragilis 

fragrant,  odor  us 

frail,  caducus,  fragilis 

a  fraud,  traus 

free,  liber;  to  set  free,  liberare 

to  free,  liberare 

freedom,  libertas 

freely,  libere 

frequency,  frequentia 

frequent,  ereber,  Irequens 

a  friend,  amicus 

friendly,  amicus 

friendsh ip,  amicitia 

to  frighten,  terrerc 

a  frog,  raua 

from,  a,  ab,  abs,  de,  e,  ex 

frugal,  frugi;  more  frugal,  fruga- 
lior;  most  frugal,  frugalissimus 

frugality,  frugalitas,  parsimouia 

fruit,  Iructus,  (trux)  truges 

fruit-bearing,  trugit'er 


fruitful,  fmgifer 

a  fruit-tree,  pomus 

full,  plenus 

to  furnish,  suppeditare 

furniture,  supellex 

further  (adj.),   ulterior;     on  the 

further  side  of,  ultra 
further  (in\v.),  amiilius 
furthest,  ultimus 

G. 

gain,  eraolumentum 

gall,  fel 

a  gallery,  porticus 

a  garden,  hortus 

a  garment,  vestis 

garrulous,  garrulus 

a  gate,  porta 

gay,  alacer 

a  gem,  gemma 

Germany,  Germania 

a  gift,  donum,  munus 

a  girl,  puella 

to  give,  dare,  praebere 

to  glitter,  micare 

a  globe,  globus,  sphaera 

glorious,  decorus 

glory,  gloria 

a  glutton,  comedo 

to  go  near,  accedere  ad 

a  (wild)  goat,  caprea 

God,  Deus 

a  god,  deus 

a  goddess,  dea 

gold,  aurum;  of  gold,  aureus 

golden,  aureus 

a  goldfinch,  acanthis 

a  good,  bonum 

good,  bonus,  probus;  good  fort- 

une,  prospera  fortuna 
a  goose,  anser 


—    165 


to  govern,  regere 

grain,  far;  a  grain,  granum 

a  granary,  horreum 

grand,  magnificus 

a  grandchild,  nepos 

a  grandfather,  avus 

a  grape,  uva 

a  grapple-hook,  harpago 

grass,  gramen 

a  grave,  sepulcrum,  sepulchrum 

great,  magnus;  as  great,  quantus; 
how  great  ?  quantus  ?  so  great, 
tantus;  so  great... as,  tantus 
..  .quantus;  too  great,  niraius; 
greater,  major;  greatest,  maxi- 
mus 

Great  Britain,  Britannia 

green,  viridis 

a  grindstone,  cos 

a  grove,  nemus 

to  grow,  crescere 

grown  up,  adultus 

a  guard,  custos,  praesidium 

to  guard,  custodire 

a  guardian,  custos;  a  guardian 
angel,  genius 

H. 

habit,  consuetude 

J  tail,  grando 

hair,  crinis 

the  hand,  manus 

to  hand  down,  tradere 

happily,  feliciter 

happiness,  felicitas 

happy,  beatus,  felix 

a  harbor,  port  us 

hard,  difficilis,  durus,  gravis;  t?er?/ 

hard,  perdlfficilis 
hardly,  vix 
a  hare,  lepua 


to  hasten,  festinare 

to  have,  habere 

the  hawk,  falco 

hay,  foenuni 

he,  is ;  he  who,  qui  [pecus 

the  head,  caput;  a  head  of  cattle, 

Jiealth,  sanitas,  valetudo 

healthy,  sanus,  validus 

a  heap,  acervus,  strues 

to  hear,  audire 

a  hearer,  auditor 

hearing,  auditus 

the  heart,  cor,  pectus 

heat,  calor;  a  burning  heat,  ardor 

heaven,  caelum,  coelum 

heavenly,  caelestis,  coelestis 

heavy,  gravis 

an  heir,  heres 

a  helmet,  cassis 

help,  auxilium,  (ops) 

to  help,  adjuvare 

a  hen,  gallina 

her  (own)  suus 

a  herald's  staff,  caduceus 

an  herb,  herba 

herself,  ipsa;  se;    of  herself,   sui; 

to  herself,  sibi;  with  herself,  se; 

secum 
to  hide,  condere 
high,    altus,    excelsus ;    a  high 

altar,  altare;  on  high,  sursum; 

highest,  summus,  supremus;  in 

the  highest  degree,   inprimis, 

imprimis 
a  hill,  colli s 
himself,  ipse;  se;  of  himself,  sui; 

to  himself,  sibi;  with  himself^ 

se;  secum 
the  hinge  (of  a  door),  cardo 
his  (own),  suus 
history,  historia 
hoarseness,  ravis 


t 


—    166   — 


hoary ^  canus 

to  hold,  tenere ;  io  holdfastj^rmsLTO 

a  holtdafj,  dies  festus 

holloWj  cavus 

a  home,  domicilium  ;  home^  pa- 
tria;  domiim;  at  homCj  domi; 
from  home,  domo 

honest,  lionestus 

honesfh/,  lioueste 

hnnen,  rnel 

an  honor,  lionor 

to  honor,  horiorare 

honorable,  lionesius 

hftpe,  s{)cs 

a  horn,  cornu 

a  horse,  equus 

a  horseman,  eques 

a  horse-soldier,  eques 

a  hostacje,  oljses 

hostile,  hostilis 

an  hour,  bora;  at  the  eighth  hour, 
at  ei(jht  o'clock,  octava  hora 

a  house,  domus 

a  household  thing ^  res  domestica 

how,  quam 

however,  tamen 

huge,  ingcns 

human,  humaniis 

humanitf/,  huraanitas 

a  hump,  tuber 

a  hundred,  centum;  a  hundred 
at  a  time,  centeni;  a  hundred 
bii  a  hundred,  centeni;  a  hun- 
dred times,  centies;  a  hun- 
dred, times  as  great,  centupbis; 
the  hundred  and  first,  centesi- 
mus  (et)  primus;  a  hundred 
thousand,  centum  milia;  ahun- 
dred  thousand  times,  centies 
railies;  the  hundred  thou- 
sandth, centies  millesimus 

a  hundredfold,  centuplex 


the  hundredth,  centesimus 

hunger,  fames 

a  hunter,  venator 

to  hurt,  laedere 

hurtful,  noxius 

a  husband,  conjux 

a  husbandman  J  agricola 

I. 

/,  ego 

ice,  glacies 

the  ichneumon^  ichneumon 

icy  cold,  gelu 

the  Ides,  Idus 

if,  si;  as  if,  ceu,  quasi 

ignoble,  ignobibs 

ignorant,  imperitus 

to  illumine,  iUuminare 

an  image,  effigies,  imago 

immeasurable,  immensus 

immense,  ingens 

immortal,  immortaba 

impassable,  invius 

impetuous,  veliemens 

impiety,  impietas 

an  implement,  instrumentum 

most  important,  potissimus 

to  improve,  emendare 

impudent,  impudens 

with  impunity,  impune 

in,  in 

inborn,  insilus 

income,  vectigal 

incurable,  insanabibs 

India,  India 

an  Indian,  Indius 

to  indicate,  significare 

indolent,  deses 

industry,  industria,  sedubtas 

infamy,  infamia 

infancy,  infantia 

inferior^  inferior 


—    1G7 


J 


I 


an  inhabitant,  incola 
to  injure,  nocere 
injurious,  noxius 
injury,  injuria 
inner,  interior 
innermost,  intimus 
insanity,msixn\si 
an  insect,  insectum 
instead  of,  pro 
to  instruct,  docere,  erudire 
an  intodion,  intentio 
an  interpreter,  interpres 
intimate,  intimus 
into,  in 

an  invention,  inventum 
an  ini'etitor,  inventor 
iron  (noun),  ferrum 
iron  (adj.),  ferreus 
an  island,  insula 
it,  id 

Italy,  Itaba 
its  (own),  suns 

itself,  ipsum;  se;  of  itself,  sui;  to 
itself,  sibi;  tvith  itself  se,secum 
ivory,  ebur 

J. 

January,  Januarius 

aja7%  olla 

a  joint,  artus 

a  journey,  iter 

Jove,  Juppiter  (Jupiter) 

joy,  gaudium,  laetitia 

joyful,  laetus 

a  judge,  judex 

io  judge,  judicare 

just,  Justus 

justice,  justitia 

K. 

keen,  acer 

to  keep  off,  arcere 

a  keepevj  custos 


a  kid,  haedus 

the  kidneys,  renes 

a  kind,  genus 

kindness,  benignitas 

a  king,  rex 

a  kingdom,  regnum 

the  knee,  genu 

a  knife,  cuUcr 

to  knoiv,  cognoscere,  noscere 

ivithout  the  knowledge  of,  clam 

known  J  notus 

L. 

laboi',  labor 

laborious,  laboriosus 

to  lacerate,  lacerare 

a  lair,  cubile 

a  lake,  lacus 

a  lamb,  agnus 

the  land,  terra;  one's  native  la  ad, 

l)atria 
a  language,  lingua 
lard,  adeps 
large,  magnus 
a  lark,  alauda 
to  last,  manere 

/a.s*^,postremus,postumus,  ultimus 
latest,  postremus,  postumus 
Latin,  Latinus 
the  latter,    hie;    the    latter.. the 

former,  hie . .  iUe 
a  laugh,  cachinnus 
law,  jus;  a  law,  lex 
laziness,  pigritia 
lazy,  piger 
lead,  plumbum 
a  leader,  dux 
a  leaf,  folium 
to  leap,  sabre 
to  learn,  discere 
learned,  doctus 
learning^  literac,  litterae 


—    168    — 


—   169   — 


least,  minimus 

a  leathern  mck,  uter 

a  lecture-room,  auditorium 

left,  sinister 

the  leg,  crus 

leisurely,  lonte 

length,  loni^itudo 

less  (adj.),  minor 

less  (adv.),  minus 

lest,  ne 

a  letter,  litera,  littcra;  cpistula, 

epistola 
level,  aeciuus 
liable,  obnuxius 
liberty,  libortas 
lichen,  liclion 
a  lie,  mcndacium 
life,  y'lia;  country  life,  vitarustica 
light,  lumen,  lux;  a  light,  lanipas 
light,  levis 

lightning,  \\\hj^\\v\jlashes  of  light- 
ning, fulicura  corusea 
like  (adj.),  similis;/i^t;.  J/^t',  talis 

. .  qualis 
like  (adv.),  ut 
to  like,  amare 
a  likeness,  effigies 
a  lily,  lilium 
the  limbs,  art  us 
a  lime-tree,  tilia 
a  limit,  limes 
a  line,  linea;  the  line  of  battle, 

acies 
a  lion,  leo 
a  litter,  lectica 

little,  parvus;  of  liUle  value,  vilis 
to  live,  vivere;  to  live  on  fish, 

vivere  piscibus 
lively,  alacer 
liver,  hepar,  jecur 
living,  vivus 
a  load,  onus 


to  lodge,  habitare 

long  (adj.),    longus;  for  a  lovg 
time,  diu 

long  (adv.),  diu;  longer,  diutius; 
very  long,  diutissime 

to  look,  speetare;  to  look  out  for ^ 
quaerere 

a  looking-glass,  speculum 

loquacious,  loquax 

a  lord,  dominus 

to  lose,  amittere 

a  lot,  sors 

a  loud  laugh,  cachinnus 

love^  amor 

to  love,  amare,  diligere 

loving,  amans 

low,  hum  ills;  lower,  inferior;  low- 
est, imus,  intimus 

lucky,  taustus 

luggage,  impedimenta 

a  lump,  massa 

a  lung,  pulmo;  the  lungs,   pul- 
mones 

lust,  libido 

luxury,  luxuria 

lying,  mendax 

a  lyre,  lyra 

a  machine,  machina 

a  magistrate,  magistratus 

mag  nan  imity,  magnanimitas 

magnetic,  magnetieus 

magnificent,  magniticus 

the  magpie,  pica 

a  maid,  virgo 

to  maintain,  servare 

to  make  fat,  saginare 

a  maker,  opifex 

male,  mas 

a  mallow  J  malva 


( 


*! 


I 


vian,  homo;  a  man,  homo,  vir 

the  mane,  juba 

manner,  mos 

mannered,  moratus 

many,  multi,  plures;  how  many? 
quot  ?  so  many,  tot;  so  many 
. .  .as,  tot. .  .quot;  very  many, 

marble,  marmor  [complures 

a  march,  iter 

a  mare,  equa 

a  mai^gin,  margo 

a  mark,  index 

a  marriage,  nuptiae 

a  mason'' s  rule,  amussis 

the  mast,  mains 

a  master,  dominus,  magister 

mastic,  mastiche 

matter,  materia 

a  mattock,  ligo 

nie,  me;frojnme,  me;  of  me,  mei; 

to  me,  mibi;  with  me,  mecum 
a  meadow,  pratum 
meat,  caro 

a  member,  membrum 
memory,  memoria 
Menelaus,  Menelaus 
a  merchant,  mercator 
merry,  laetus 

a  (female)  messenger,  nuntia 
a  metal,  metallum 
a  method,  methodus 
Mexican,  Mexicanus 
midday,  meridies 
mighty,  potens 
to  migrate,  migrare 
migratory,  migrans 
mild,  Clemens,  mitis 
milk,  lac 
a  million,  decies  centena  milia, 

decies  centum  milia;  a  million 

times,  milies  milies 


the     millionth,    decies    centiea 

millesimus 
the  milt,  lien,  splen 
MiUiades,  Miltiades 
the  mind,  animus,  mens 
mindful,  memor 
a  minister,  minister 
a  mirror,  speculum  ' 

a  m  iser,  avarus  ' 

misery,  miseria 
misfortune,  calamitas 
a  mistress,  domina 
a  mixture,  mixtio 
a  model,  exemplar 
moderate,  modicua 
modest,  modestus 
modesty,  modestia 
moist,  humidus 
money,  pecunia 
a  monkey,  simia 
a  moydh,  mensis 
the  moon,  luna 
more  (adj.),  plus 
moi^e  (adv.),  magis 
the  morni  ng,  aurora;  in  the  mof^" 

ing,  mane 
the  morning-star,  Lucifer 
morose,  morosus 
to-morrow,  eras 
mortal,  mortalis 
most  (adj.),  plurimus 
most  (adv\),  maxime 
most  important,  potissimus 
a  moth,  blatta 
a  mother,  mater 
motion,  motus 
a  mountain,  mons 
a  mouse,  mus 
the  mouth,  os 
much  (adj.),  multus;  how  much? 

quantum?  so  much,  tantum;  too 

much,  nimiuSj  nimis,  nimium 


—    170   — 


7nuch  (adv.),  multo,  multum;  too 

muchj  iiimis,  nimium 
a  /nuUitudCy  iiiultitudo 
a  murdei'j  caedes,  nex 
a  munnarj  murmur 
I  musty  dobeo 
'iuy,  meus 


a  namej  nomen 

the  nape  (of  the  neck),  cervices 

a  napkin^  mappa 

Ndjt/f'Sj  Xi'iipolis 

a  narrative^  iiarratio 

narrow^  aiii^ustus 

a  nation^  mitio 

one's  natire  land,  patria 

7iat((n%  natura 

iiaritjatiiniy  uavigatio 

the  nai'!/,  el  ass  is 

7iear  (adj.j,  proi)inquus;  nearer, 
citerior,  i)ru{)i()r;  /tea rest,  citi- 
mus,  pi-oximus 

Tiear  (adv.).  i)ropo;  nearer,  pro- 

l)ius;  nearest,  proximo 
7iear([nv[).),  ai)ud,  circa,  circiter, 

pr()j)e;  near  to,  juxta 
vecessa ry,  iieccssari us 
necess  ity,  ncccss i t as 
the  neck,  collum 
7iectar,  nectar 
a  needle,  acus 
7ieedi/,  egens,  egenus 
to  neglect,  neglcgere,  nogligere 
a  neighbor,  vicinus 
7ieither  (of  the  two),  neuter 
Tieither. . .  nor,  nee. .  .nee,  neque 

• .  .noque 
a  nephew,  nepo8 
a  net,  rete 
a  nettle,  urtica 


never,  numquam,  nunquam 
7iei^,novus;  news,no\\  {Wi.ofnew) 
New  York,  Eboracum  Novum 
next,  dcinde;  next  to,  secundum 
tJie  nig/it,  nox 
the  nightingale,  luscinia 
the  (river)  Nile,  Nilus 
nine,   noveni;  7iine  at  a  time, 
noveni;  nine  by  nine,  noveni; 
nine  hundred,  nongenti;  7iine 
hundred  at  a  time,  nongeni; 
7iine  hundred   by   nine  hun- 
dred, nongeni;    nine  hundred 
times,   nongenties;     the    nine 
hundredth,        nongentesimus; 
nine  times;  no  vies 
nineteen,   undeviginti;    nineteen 
at  a  time,  noveni  deni,  nndevi- 
ceni;  nineteen  by  nineteen,  no- 
veni  deni;    nndeviceni;  7iine' 
teen  times,  no  vies  decies,  un- 
devicies 
the  nineteenth,   nonus    decimus; 
undevicesimus 
the  ninetieth,  nonagesimus 
ninety,   nonaginta;   ninety  at  a 
time,  nonageni ;  n inety  by  n ine- 
ty,  nonageni;  7iinety  times,  no- 
nagies 
the  ninth,  nonus 
no,  nuUus;  no  one,  nullus;  no  one 

of  you,  nemo  vestrum 
noble,  nobilis 
nobody,  nemo 
a  nod,  nutus 
a  noise,  clamor 
noon,  meridies 

the    north,    septentriones ;     the 
seven    stars    near    the   north 
pole,  septentriones;  the  north 
wind,  aquilo,  septentrio 
northern,  septentrionalis 


—  in  — 


f 


iJie  nose,  nasus 

7iot,  non,  uc;  if  7iot,  nm;  not  any, 
nullus;  not  a  single,  ne  unus 
quidem;  not  even,  ne.  .quidem; 
7wt  even  one,  ne  unus  quidem 

7iothing,  nihil;  nothing  else,  nihil 
aliud;  7iothing  else  than,  nihil 
aliudquam ;?ioion/i/. .  .but also, 
non  modo . . .  sed  etiam,  non  so- 
lum . . .  sed  etiam,  non  tantum 
...sed  etiam,  turn...  turn 

7iotorious,  notus 

November,  November 

7101V,  nunc;  now. .  .7iow,  modo. . . 
modo,  nunc. .  .nunc 

a  number,  numerus 

7iumberlesSj  innumerus 

O. 

an  oak,  quercos,  robur 

on  oath,  jusjurandum 

to  obey,  oboedire,  obedire,  obtcm- 

perare 
obscure,  obscurus 
to  obscure,  obscurare 
to  observe,  observare 
(yellow)  ochre,  ochra 
an  occupation,  negotii 
the  ocean,  mare 
October,  October 
of,  de,  e,  ex 
an  office,  honor,  munus 
offspring,  progenies 
often,   saepe;    oftener,  saepius; 

of te  nest,  saepissime 
oil,  oleum 
old,  antiquus,  senex 
old,    antiquus,    vetus,    vetustus; 

old  age,  senectus;  an  old  man, 

senex;  older,  senior 

an  olive^  oUva  \ 


tium 


an  omen,  omen 

on,  in,  into;  on  account  of,  ob, 
propter;  on  this  side  of,  cis, 
citra;  on  the  further  side  of, 

once,  semel  [ultra 

one,  unus;  one  at  a  time,  singuli; 
one  by  one,  singuli;  one... an- 
other, alius. .  .alius,  inter  se; 
the  one. .  .the  other,  hic...ille; 
one's  self,  se;   ivith  one's  self, 

one-eyed,  monoculus  [sccum 

only, tantum',  not  only . .  .but  also, 
non  modo . . .  sed  etiam,  non  so- 
lum... sed  etiam,  non  tantum 
. .  .sed  etiam,  turn. .  .turn 

02)en,  patens 

openly,  palam 

an  opinion,  opinio,  sentcntia 

to  oppose,  oppouere 

opposite,  oppositus 

opposite  to,  contra 

or,  aut,  sen,  sive,  ve  (appended), 
vel;  either. .  .or,  aut. .  .aut,  vel 
. .  .vel;  v'hether. .  .o?',  sive. . . 
sive,  seu . . .  sen 

an  oracle,  oraculum 

order,  mandatum;  ordo 

origin,  origo 

an  ornament,  decus,  ornamentum 

an  ostrich,  struthio 

the  other  (of  two),  alter;  others j 
ceteri;  of  others,  alienus 

I  ought,  debeo 

our,  noster 

outdoors,  foras 

out  of,  e,  ex 

outward,  exterus 

over,  super,  trans 

overgreat,  nimius 

to  owe,  debere 

his,  her,  its,  their  own,  suns 

an  oXj  bos,  taurus 


—    172   — 


—    113 


apage^  pagina 

p{iinj  dolor 

to  paint,  \nn^orQ 

a  pair  ofhorse.%  bigae 

a  palace,  palatium 

the  palm  (of  the  hand) ,  palraa 

a  pan,  j)atina 

paper,  charta;  a  sheet  of  x>ciper, 
sclieda 

a  paragraph,  paragra[)luis 

a  parchment,  inenibraiia 

a  parent,  parens 

Parian,  Parius 

apart,  pars 

a  pasmge,  transitiis 
])assion,  cupiditas 
past  (adj.),  praoteritiis 
jxist  (|)re[>.),  praeter,  ultra 

a  pasturing,  pastio 

a  cross-path,  limes 
patience,  pat  lent  ia 
patienfy  patiens 

2)atientl  If, \rdt\enter;  more  patient- 
l},\   pat ii'iit ills;  most  j)atienthj, 
pat  lent  issime 
to  pag  attention,  atteudere 
peace,  pax 
a  peacock,  pavo 
a  peahen,  pava 
a  pear-tree,  pii'us 
a  pedagogue,  paedagogus 
a  pen,  penna 
a  pencil,  stilus 

rt7)e/i//?.<?w/rt,  peninsula,  paeuinsula 
Pennsylvan  ia,  Pennsilvania 
a  people,  gens,  populus 
people,    homines;   the    common 

people,  plebs 
pepper,  piper 
perfect,  perfectus 


perfidious,  perfidus 

peril,  periculum 

pernicious,  perniciosus 

a  person,  homo,  persona;  a  sick 
person,  homo  aeger 

pestiferous,  pestiler 

th  e  ph  e n  ix,  ph oen  ix 

a  physician,  medicus 

to  pick  out,  eligere  ' 

pickle,  alec 

a  2^ i fate,  pirata 

pitch,  pix 

placed,  situs 

2)la  i  n  t  ire,  1  ugubris 

a  2)1(1  nt,  planta 

a  play,  ludus,  lusus 

2)leasant,  jueundus,  suavis 

2ileasanthj,  jucunde 

to  please,  plaeere 

pleasing,  gratus;  to  he  pleasing 

to,  plaeere 
2)leasure,  voluptas;  with  pleas  urey 

libenter 
a  j)ledge,  arrha 
a  plow,  aratrura 
to  2)low,  arare 
a  plowman,  arator 
a  2)lowshare,  vomis 
a  2)oem,  carmen,  poema 
a  p)oet,  poeta 
2)oetry,  poesis 

a  poison,  venenum,  virus  j 

2Wor,  pau|)er  j 

a  2wplar,  populus 
the  2>oppy,  i)apaver 
2)opular,  popularis 
to  possess,  possidere 
possessed  of,  compos 
a  possession,  bohum 
posterior,  posterior 
a  pound,  libra 
to  pour  forthy  effundere 


poverty,  paupertas 

p)ower,  potestas,  \\s',  in  th£ power 

of,  penes 
to  p)ractice,  exercere 
praise,  laus 
to  2)raise,  laudare 
praiseworthy,  laudabilis 
2iraising,  laudans 
to  pray,  orare 
a2)rayer,  (prex)  preces 
a  2)recept,  praeeeptum 
precious,  pretiosus;  a  precious 

stone,  gemma 
preferable,  potior 
to  pirepare,  parare 
in  presence  of,  coram 
apiresideni,  praeses 
2}rey,   praeda;  a  beast  of  prey, 

animal  rapax 
a  price,  pretium 
to  prick  up,  stimulare 
a  2^riest,  sacerdos 
primary,  primarius 
prior,  prior 
profit,  commodum 
prone,  pronus 
ai)rophet,  vates 
prosperity,  felicitas 
pros2')erous,  prosper 
a  proverb,  proverbium 
provident,  providus 
proud,  superbus;  to  be  proud  of, 

superbirc  (with  abl.) 
the  p)row,  prora 
prudence,  prudentia 
prudent,  prudens 
Xmblic,  publicus 
a  pugilist,  pugil 
pungent,  acer 
punishment,  poena 
a  pupil,  alumnus,  discipulus 
a  (female)  pupil,  discipula 


pure,  purus 

to  purify,  purgare 

to  put  to  flight,  fugare 

Q. 

a  quadruped,  quadrupes 

a  quarrel,  lis 

a  queen,  regiua 

a  question,  quaestio 

quickly,  cito 

quicksilver,  argentum  vivum 

a  quiver,  pharetra 

R. 

the  rabble,  vulgua 

a  race,  genus 

rain,  pluvia 

rainbow,   arcus  caelestis,  arcus 

coelestis 
rainy,  pluvius 
a  ram,  aries 
a  rampart,  agger 
rapacious,  rapax 
rare,  rarus 
rarely,  rare 
a  raven,  corvus 
raw,  crudus 
to  read,  legere 
reason,  ratio 

a  receptacle,  receptaculum 
to  reckon  up,  enumerare 
red,  ruber 
to  refresh,  recreare 
ivith  regard  to,  ad 
a  region,  regio 
to  remain,  manere 
remarkable,  illustris 
a  remedy,  remedium 
remembrance,  recordatio 
to  remove,  migrare;  to  remove  to, 
demigrare  in 


^ 


—   lU  — 


renowned^  inclutus 

repentinc/,  poonitons 

a  repetition^  rcpetitio 

the  republic,  res  publica 

reputation^  fama 

to  require,  postulare 

reaeinblancej  similitudo 

in  every  respect,  ab  omni  parte 

refit,  quies 

the  resf^  eeteri; /or  the  rest,  coto- 

a  result,  eventus  [rum 

a  return,  rctlitus 

to  reveal,  argucre 

a  reward,  raerocs,  praemium 

the  Rhine,  Khenus 

a  rhinoceros,  rhinoceros 

Rhodes,  Rliodus 

rich,  dives 

riches^  divitiae 

a  riddle,  aeiiigma 

a  rider,  eques 

ri(jht  (noun),  fas,  jus 

right   (opp.    to  icrong),    rectus; 

(opp.  to  left),  dexter 
quite  rigid,  rectissime 
riijldhi,  recte 

a  thtger-ring,  anulus,  annulus 
to  ring  through,  personare 
ripe,  nuiturus 
rising,  ortus 

a  river,  aninis,  llumen,  tluvius 
a  7'oad,  via 

a  robber,  latro,  praedo 
robust,  robustus 
a  rock,  rupes,  saxum 
a  roe,  caprea 
Roman,  Roraanus 
Rome,  Roma 
(t  roof,  tectum 
a  room,  conclave 
roomy,  am  plus 
a  root,  radix 
a  rope,  funis,  restis 
a  rose,  rosa 


rotten,  putridus 

rough,  asper 

round,  rotundus 

a  row,  ordo 

a  rower,  remex 

a  ruin,  ruina 

a  rule,  praeceptura;  a  mason'' s 

rule,  amussis 
to  rule,  regere 
to  run,  currere 


S. 

a  leathern  sack,  uter 

sacred,  sacer,  sanctus 

sad,  tristis 

safe,  tutus 

safely,  tuto 

safety,  salus 

sagacious,  sagax 

to  sail,  navigare 

a  sailing,  navigatio 

a  sailor,  nauta 

a  sail-yard,  antenna 

salt  (noun),  sal 

salt  (adj.),  saisus 

salubrious,  saluber 

salutary,  salutaris,  utllis 

the  same,  idem;  ^/ie  sariie  as,  idem, 

sand,  arena  [qui 

sandy,  arenosus 

sated,  satur 

satisfied,  contentus 

to  save,  servare 

savory,  sapidus 

a  saw,  serra 

to  say,  dicere 

the  scale  (of  a  fish),  squama 

a  scar,  cicatrix 

to  scatter,  spargere 

a  schism,  schisma 

a  scholar,  discipulus 

a  school,  schola 


175    — 


\% 


the  sea,  marc,  pelagus,  aequor 

a  seaman,  nauta 

a  season,  tempus  anni 

to  season,  condire 

a  seat,  sedes,  sella 

the  second,  secundus,  alter;  a 
second  time,  iterum 

security,  securitas 

to  see,  videre 

seed,  semen 

seldom,  raro 

to  sell,  vendere 

to  send,  mittere 

sense,  sensus 

sensible,  prudens 

to  separate,  dividere 

September,  September 

serene,  serenus 

a  series,  series 

a  serpent,  serpens 

a  servant,  famulus,  minister,  ser- 
vus;  to  be  a  servant,  servire 

a  servant-girl,  ancilla 

to  serve,  servire 

to  set  free,  liberare 

seven,  septem ;  seven  at  a  time, 
septeni ;  seven  by  seven,  septeni ; 
seven  hundred,  septingenti; 
seven  hundred  at  a  time,  sep- 
tingeni ;  seven  h u  n dred  by  seven 
hundred,  septingeni ;  seven 
hu7\dred  times,  septing(Mities; 
the  seven  hundredth, soi[)t\ngen- 
tesimus;  seven  times,  septies; 
seven  times  as  great,  septuplus 

sevenfold,  septemplex 

seventeen,  decem  et  septem; 
seventeen  at  a  time,  septeni 
deni;  seventeen  by  seventeen, 
septeni  deni;  seventeen  times, 
septiesdecies 

the  seventeenth,  septimus  decimus 

the  seventh,  septimus 

the  seventiethj  septuagesimus 


seventy,  septuaginta;  seventy  at  a 
time,  sei)tuageni;  seventy  by 
seventy,  septuageni;  seventy 
times,  septuagies 

several,  complures,  plures 

severe,  severus,  vehemens 

shabby,  sordidus 

a  shade       )        . 

ashadoxv     \  "•"'^'■'^ 

shady,  umbrosus 

I  shake,  quatio 

shameful,  teter,  turpis 

a  shape,  figura,  species 

without  share,  expers 

sharp,  acer,  acutus 

to  sharpen,  acuere 

she,  ea 

a  sheaf,  merges 

a  sheep,  ovis 

a  sheet  ofp)aper,  scheda 

a  shell,  concha 

a  shepherd,  pastor 

a  small  shield,  pelta 

to  shine,  fulgere 

shining,  lucidus 

a  sh  ip,  navis 

a  shoe,  calceus 

a  shoemaker,  sutor 

a  shop,  taberna 

a  shore,  litus 

shoi%  brevis 

I  should,  debeo 

the  shoulder,  humerus 

a  shout,  clamor 

to  sJioiv,  monstrare 

a  shower,  imber 

to  shun,  vitare 

Sicily,  Sicilia 

sick,  aeger 

a  sickle,  falx 

a  side,  pars;  on  this  side  of,  cis, 
citra;  on  the  further  side  of, 
ultra;  more  on  this  side,  cite- 
rior;  most  on  this  side^  citimus 

a  sightj  spectaculum 


—    17(3    — 


1 


I  < 


sight,  visus 

a  sign,  sii^num 

silent,  tacitus 

silken,  sericeus 

a  silk-ivorni,  bombyx 

silver  (noiinj,  argditum 

silver  (adj.),  ai\i>;enteus 

a  silver  fir,  abies 

simple,  simi)k'X,  simplus 

to  sing,  canc^ro,  caiitare 

singing,  caiitus 

singing^  cantans 

single,  siini)lex 

a  sister,  soror 

a  sister-in-law,  glos 

to  sit,  sedere 

situate,  situs 

six,  sex;  six  at  a  time,  seni;  six 
hg  six,  seni;  six  hundred,  sex- 
ceuti;  six  hundred  at  a  time, 
sexceni;  six  hundred  by  six 
hundred,  sexceni;  six  hundred 
times^  sexcenties;  the  six  hun- 
dredth, sexcentesimus;  six 
thousand,  sex  niilia;  six  times, 
sexies 

sixteen,  sedecini;  sixteen  at  a 
time,  seni  deni;  sixteen  by  six- 
teen, seni  deni;  sixteen  times, 
sedecies,  sexiesdecies 

the  sixteenth,  sextus  decimus 

the  sixth,  sextus 

the  sixtieth,  sexagesimns 

sixty,  sexaginta;  sixty  at  a  time, 
sexageni;  ^' <■./•///  by  sixty,  sexa- 
gcm;  sixty  times,  sexagies 

skill,  soUertia,  solertia 

the  sky,  caelum,  cochnn;  the  open 
sky,  caelum,  coelum 

to  slander,  rodere 

a  slate,  tabula 

a  slaughter,  caedes 


a  slave,  servus;  to  be  a  slave, 

slavery,  servitus  [servire 

to  sleep,  dormire 

sleep,  somnus 

slender,  gracilis,  tenuis 

slothful,  iners 

slow,  lent  us,  tardus 

slowly,  lente 

sluggish,  ignavus 

small,  exiguus,  parvus;  a  small 

shield,  pelta 
smell,  odor;  olfactus 
a  smith,  laber 
smooth,  glaber 


snow,  nix 
so,   tani;  so 


.  as,  tam . . .  quam ; 
so  great,  tantus;  so  great. .  .as, 
tantus. .  .quantus;  so  many, 
tot;  so  many. .  .as,  tot. .  .quot; 
so  to  speak,  quasi,  tamquara; 
while. .  .so  too,  turn. .  .tum 

society,  societas 

Socrates,  Socrates 

soil,  humus 

a  soldier,  miles;  a  foot-soldier, 
pedes;  a  horse-soldier,  eques 

solitude,  solitude 

Solon,  Solon 

the  solstice,  solstitium 

some,  aliquantus,  aliquis,  quis- 
piam;  nonnuUi,  alicjuot;  some 
one,  aliquis,  quidam,  quisi)iam; 
some. .  .others,  alii. .  .alii 

something,  aliquid,  quidpiam 

sometimes,  interdum 

somewhat,  aliquantura 

a  son,  filius;  a  son-in-law,  gener 

a  song,  cantus 

soon,  cito,  mox 

the  soul,  animus 

a  sound,  sonus 

sound,  sanus 


f 


^ 


to  sound  through,  personare 

a  soui'ce,  Ions 

the  south  wind,  auster,  not  us 

the  space  of  2  days,  biduum 

the  space  ofo  days,  tridiium 

the  space  of  4  days,  quati'iduum 

the  space  of  2  years,  biennium 

the  space  of  3  years,  triennium 

the sjyace  of  4  years,  quadriennium 

a  spade,  ligo 

SjKiin,  llispania 

a  sjmrroiv,  passer 

Sparta,  Si)arta 

tos2)eak,(\'n'Qve',  so  tos2n^ak,q\\iis\, 

a  sjieakei',  orator  [taimiuam 

a  spear,  cuspis,  hasta 

a  spectre,  larva 

a  speech,  oratio 

spelt,  ador,  far 

a  spice,  aroma 

a  spit,  veru 

the  spleen,  lien,  splen 

splendid,  spliMididus 

a  spoon,  cochlear 

a  spring,  tons 

spring,  ver;  belonging  to  spring, 

in  sjyring,  verims 
a  sjiur,  calcar 
({  stable,  stalmlum 
a  staff,  baculum,  scipio 
a  stag,  cervus 
a  star,  astrum,  sidus,  Stella 
a  state,  civitas;  the  state,  res  pu- 

blica 
to  stay  all  niglit  long,  pernoctare 
steam,  vapor 
stecj),  arduus 
the  stern,  puppis 
a  stick,  baculum 
still  (with  comparatives),  etiam 
the  stomach,  stomachus 
a  stone,  lapis 


a  storm,  procella,  tempestas 

a  story,  historia 

a  strait,  euripus 

a  street,  platea 

strength,  robur,  vires 

to  strengthen,  lirmare 

strict,  severus 

a  string,  chorda 

to  .'<t  rive  for,  petere 

strong,  robust  us,  validus 

studiojis,  studiosus 

study,  studiam 

subject,  obnoxius 

to  submit,  parere 

such,  talis;  such... as,  (j[ualis, 
talis. . .   (lualis;  such  afi,  ut 

sugar,  saccliarum 

suitable,  idoneus 

suljyhur,  suUiir,  sulphur 

the  summer,  aestas 

the  sun,  sol 

superior,  superior 

a  support,  praesidium 

supreme,  suminus,  suprenms 

sure,  certus 

a  surety,  vas 

a  surface,  superficies 

a  surgeon,  chirurgus 

su spci  -ted,  su  s})ect us 

a  swallow,  hirundo 

a  swamp,  palus;  a  bird  of  a 
swamp,  avis  palustris 

swampy,  paluster 

a  swan,  cycnus,  cygnns 

sweet  (to  the  senses  in  general), 
sua  vis;  (to  the  taste),  dulcis 

swift,  celer;  swifter,  ocior;  swift- 
est, ocissimus 

swi/tness,  celeritas 

to  sicim,  natare 

a  swine,  sus 

Switzerland,  Helvetia 


a  swordj  ensis 
a  syllable^  syllaba 
a  symbolj  symbolum 


T. 

a  table,,  mensa 

a  tablet^  tabella 

a  tail,,  Cauda 

a  tailor,,  sartor 

to  takSj  sumere;  to  take  away,, 
tollere 

talent^,,  indoles 

a  talk,,  sermo 

tall,,  procerus 

a  talon,,  unguis 

tame^  cicur 

tastey  gustus;  sapor 

taXy  vectigal 

to  teachy  docerc 

a  teacher,  raagister,  praecoptor 

a  (female)  teacher,  magistra 

a  tear,  lacrima,  lacryma 

a  teat,  uber 

tediouiinesH,  taedium 

to  tell,  narrare 

temperance,  temperantia 

a  temple,  templuni 

ten,  decern;  ten  at  a  time,  doni; 
ten  by  ten,  deni;  ten  times, 
decies;  ten  times  as  great,  dc- 
cuplus;  ten  thousand,  decern 
milia;  ten  thousand  times,  de- 
cies milies;  the  ten  thousandth, 
decies  millesimus 

tenacious,  lentus 

tender,  tener 

tenfold,  decern plex 

the  tenth,  decimus 

tepid  it  I/,  tepor 

terrestrial,  terrester 

terrible,  terribilis 

terror^  terror 


ITS   — 


than,  quam 

thankful,  gratus 

thanks,  gratia 

that     (denionstr.),    is;    that     (<>f 

yours),    iste;  tliut  fellow,  isto 

lioHio;   that    well-known,    llle ; 

tluit  (yonder),  iile;  tJuit  (reUil.) 

qui 
the  (witli  comparatives),  eo;  the 

. .  .the,  quo . . . eo 
a  theater,  tiieatruni 
thee,  the; from  thec,tc;  ofthee,iu\; 

to  thee,  tibi;  ivith  thee,  tecum 
theft,  furtum 
their  (own),  suus 
themselves,SG',  among  themselves, 

inter  sc,  of  themselves,  sui;  to 

themselve.^;    sibi;    ivith    them- 
then,  turn  [selves,  secum 

there,  ibi ;  there  is,  est ;  there  is  a 

difference     between,     interest 

inter;  there  is  no,  non  est 
thick,  densus 
a  thief,  lur 
thin,  tenuis 
a  thing,  res;  a  household  thing, 

res   domestica;     those    things 

which,  quae 
the  third,  tertius 
fhir.^t,  sit  is 
thirteen,  tredecim;  thirteen  at  a 

time,    terni   dcni;  thirteen   by 

thirteen,    tenii   deni;  thirteen 

times,  terdecies,  tredecies 
the  thirteenth,  tertius  decimus 
the  thirtieth,  tricesimus,  trigesi- 

mus 
thirty,  irhj^mta;  thirty  at  a  time, 

triceni;  thirty  by  thirty,  triceni; 

thirty  times,  tricies 
this  (of  mine),  hie 
a  thong,  liubena 


—    1T9    — 


J 


1 


a  thorn,  spina 

those  things  which,  quae 

thou,  tu;  0  thou,  tu 

athousand,  mille;  a  thousand  at  a 
time,  singula  milia;  a  thousand 
by  a  thousand,  singula  milia; 
two  thousand,  duo  milia 

a  thousand  times,  milies 

the  thousandth,  millesimus 

three,  tres;  tht^ee  at  a  time,  terni, 
trini;  threeby  three,  terni,  trini; 
three  times  as  great,  triplus; 
tlwee  times  as  large,  triplo 
major;  three  hundred,  trecenti; 
three  hu  ndredat  a  iu7ic,treceni ; 
three  hundred  by  three  hun- 
dred, treceni;  three  hundred 
times,  trecenties;  the  three  hun- 
dredth, trecentesimus;  three 
thousand  at  a  time,  tenia  milia; 
three  thousand  by  three  thou- 
sand, tenia  milia;  three  thou- 
sand times,  ter  milies;  </if?  three 
thousandth,  ter  millesimus;  the 
space  of  three  day.s',  triduum ;  the 
space  of  three  years,  triennium 

threefold,  triplex;  by  threefold 
larger,  triplo  major 

thrice,  ter 

the  throat,  guttur 

through,  per;  to  sound  or  ring 
through,  i)ersonare 

a  thunder-bolt,  fulmen 

thy,  tuus 

the  Tiber,  Tiberis 

the  tide,  aestus  (pi.) 

a  tiger,  tigris 

a  tile,  later,  tegula 

a  time,  tempus;  at  any  time,  um- 
quam,  unquam;  up  to  this  time, 

timid,  timidus  [adhuc 

to,  ad,  in  (with  ace.) 


to-day,  hodie 

together,  una 

to-morrow,  eras  [temo 

the  tongue,   lingua;  {of  a  cart), 

too,  et,  etiam;  while... so  too, 
tum  ...  tum;  too  great,  too 
much,  nimius;  too  much  (adv.), 

a  tooth,  dens         [nimis,  nimium 

tooth-ache,  dolor  dentium 

the  top,  cacumcn,  vertex 

a  torch,  fax 

torn,  lacer 

a  tortoise,  testudo 

touch,  tactus 

toward,  ad,  adversum,  adversus, 
erga,  sub,  versus;  toward  the 
east,  orientem  versus;  toward 
winter,  sub  hiemem 

a  tower,  turris 

a  town,  oppidum 

a  traitor,  proditor 

a  traveler,  viator 

treacherous,  fallax 

a  treasure,  thesaurus 

the  treasuiy,  aerarium 

a  treaty,  foedus 

a  tree,  arbor 

a  tribe,  gens,  tribus 

a  tribunal,  tribunal 

triple,  triplex 

a  trireme,  triremis 

a  trojjhy,  tropaeum 

trouble,  molestia 

troublesome,  raolestus 

a  truce,  indutiae 

true,  verus 

a  trunk,  truncus  [habere 

trust,  Mucisl;  to  have  trust,  flaem 

to  trust,  fidem  habere 

truth,  Veritas;  the  truth,  verum 

to  turn,  se  convertere 

a  turnip,  rapa 


Il 


—    ISO    — 


a  turtle-dove^  turtiir 

the  twelfth^  diiodecimus. 

twelve^  duodc'ciin;  twelve  at  a 
time^  duodeni;  twelve  by  ticelvey 
diiodeiii ;  twelve  ^/wir-sduodocics 

^7te  ^i^?e/i^/f'^/<,vicesiiiiiis,vigesiimis 

twenty,  yhj!;\ni\;  twenty  at  a  time, 
\iciiin',  twenty  by  twenty,\\cL^ui ; 
twenty  time^,  vicios;  //if?  twenty- 
first,  unus  et  virrsimiis,  viccsi- 
mus  priimis;  twrnty-one,  unus 
et  viginti,  vigiiiti  umis;  twenty- 
one  at  a  time,  viecni  singuli; 
twenty-one  by  twmty-one,  vi- 
ceni  singuli;  twenty-one  times, 
scmol  et  vicies;  the  twenty- 
second,  alter  et  vicesimus,  vi- 
cesimus  seeuiidiis;  twenty-two, 
duo  et  viginti,  vigiiiti  duo; 
twenty-two  at  a  time,  viceiii 
bini;  twenty-tfco  by  twenty- 
two,  viceiii  bini;  twenty-two 
times,  bis  et  vicies;  twenty- 
tJiree,  tres  et  viginti,  vigiiiti 
tres;  the  twenty-third,  tertius 
et  vicesimus;  ttrenty-three  at  a 
time,  viceni  ivn\\',twrnly-thj^ee 
by  twenty-three,  viceni  terni; 
twenty-three  iimes,Wv  et  vicies 

twice,  bis;  twice  as  great,  duplus 

twins,  gemini 

two,  duo;  two  at  a  time,  bini; 
two  by  two,  bini;  two  hioidred, 
(lucent i ;  t wo  h u n dred  atati m e, 
duceni;  two  hundred  by  two 
hundred,  duceni;  two  hundred 
times,  ducenties; /Ae  two  hun- 
dredth, ducentesimus;  the  space 
of  two  days,  biduum;  the  sjxtce 
of  two  years,  biennium 

tivo  million  times,  bis  miliesniili- 
08]  two  thousandjdno  milia;/i6'o 


thousand  at  a  time,  bina  milia; 
two  thousand  by  two  thousand, 
l)ina  milia;  two  thousand  times, 
bis  milies;  the  two  thousandth, 
])is  miliesimus 

twofold,  duplex 

two-footed,  bipes 

tyranny,  tyrannis 

a  tyrant,  tyraunus 

U. 

vyly,  foedus 

ulterior,  ulterior 

uncertain,  incertus 

u ncontrolhOAe,  ferox 

under,  intra,  sub,  subter 

u  ndersta  nding,  ratio 

2iiifriendly,  inimicus 

the  universe,  nniversa  natura 

unknown,  ignotus 

unlike,  dissimilis 

u n pleasant,  injucundus 

tinsteady,  instabilis 

nnto,  erga 

2inwillin(;,  invitus 

up  to,  tcnus 

upon,  in  [aether 

upper,  superior;  the  up)per  air, 

upright,  probus 

us,  nos;  from  us,  nobis;  of  us, 

nostri,  nostnim;  to  us,  nobis; 

icith  us,  nobiscum 
usage,use,  usus 
to  become  used,  suescere 
useful,  ntilis 
itsefulness,  utilitas 

V. 

a  valley,  vallis 
valor,  virtus 
valuable,  pretiosus 


If 


181 


I' 


f 


of  little  value,  vilis 
a  van,  vannus 
vanity,  vanitas 
vapor,  vapor 
variety,  varietas 
various,  varius 
veal,  caro  vitulina 
a  vein,  vena 
Venice,  Yenetiae 
Venus,  A'enus 

I'ery,  admodum,   valde,   per...; 
very  difficult,  perdiMicilis;  very 
a  vessel,  vas  [much,  valde 

Vesuvius,  Vesuvius 
a  vice,  vitium 
a  victory,  victoria 
vile,  vilis 
violent,  veliemens 
a  violet,  viola 
a  viper,  vipcra 
a  virgin,  virgo 
vii^tue,  virtus 
vituline,  vitulinus 
a  voice,  vox 
void  (of),  vacuus 
a  volume,  volunien 
vomiting  fire,  ignivomus 
a  vulture,  vultur 

W. 

a  xmder,  avis  palustris 
wages,  merces 

to  wa  ?7/o?%exspcctai-c(expectare) 
a  walk,  nmhwhxWo',  to  take  a  walk, 

to  walk,  ambulare 
a  wall,  raurus,  paries 
a  ivalnut,  juglans 
laant,  inopia 
to  ivant,  desiderare 
war,  bellura 
icare,  merx 
ivarlike,  bellicosus 


warm,  calidus 

to  wash,  lavare 

icatch,  custodia 

watchful,  vigil 

watchfulness,  custodia,  vigilantia 

a  tvatchman,  custos 

a  watch-tower,  vigiliarium 

water,  aqua 

a  wave,  fluctus 

a  way,  iter,  via 

we,  nos 

weakly,  imbccillus 

xcealth,  opes 

weary  (of),  fessus 

a  wedding,  nuptiae 

a  iveek,  hebdomas 

welfare,  salus 

a  well,  puteus 

well,  bene;  to  be  ivell,  valerc 

well-bred,  bene  moratus 

that  well-known,  ille 

the  west,  occidens 

what?  (juid?  quidnam?  xvhat 
o'clock  is  it?  quota  hora  est? 
of  what  sort?  qualis? 

what?  (with  a  noun),  qualis? 

whatever,  (luodcunque,  quidquid 

wheat,  triticum 

a  wheel,  rota 

when?  quando? 

when,  si  [ibi 

ichere,  ul)i ;  where . . .  there,  ubi . . . 

whether,  num;  whether. .  .or,  seu 
. . .  seu,  sive . . .  sive 

which,  qui 

which  (of  two)?  uter? 

whichever,  quicunque,  quisquis 

ivhile,  dum;  while. .  .so  too,  tum 

a  whirlpool,  gurgcs         [. .  .turn 

a  whirlwind,  turbo 

white,  albus 

who,  qui;  he  who,  qui 


ISli    — 


who?  quis?  uter? 

whoever^  quicunque,  quisquis 

wholCj  integer,  totus,  universus 

ivholesomCj  salutaris 

ivhyF  cur? 

wicked,  improbus,  scelcratus 

wide,  latus 

a  wife,  conjux,  uxor 

%cild,  ferus;  a  wild  hoar,  aper 

the  will,  voluntas;  the  fjood-will, 
voluntas 

willing,  libens 

willimjhj,  llbenter 

wind,  ventus 

a  window,  fenestra 

the  wind-pipe,  trachla 

wine,  vinum 

a  wimj,  ala 

winter,  hienis 

wisdom,  sapientia 

/r<x(',sapiens;  a  wise  ma/J, sapiens 

a  wish,  voluntas 

tvit,  facetiae  (pi.),  lepos 

with,  apud,  cum 

icithin,  intra 

without,  abs(iue,sine;  extra;  with- 
out feathers,  \m\)\\i\ms',withoHt 
share,  expers 

a  witness,  testis 

a  icolf,  lui)us 

a  woman,  femina,  mulier 

wonderful,  mirus 

a  icood,  silva;  of  wood,  ligneus 

wooden,  ligneus 

ivool,  lana 

tvool-bearing,  laniger 

a  word,  verbuni 

work,  labor;  a  ivork,  opus 

to  work,  laborare 

a  workshop,  officina 


the  world,  niundus 
a  worm,  vermis 
ivoj'se,  (leterior,  i>ojor 
wo7\st,  (leteri'imus,  pessimus 
ivorthless,  netiuam ;  more  icorth- 

less,   ne(iuior;  most  wortldess, 

nequissimus 
a  wound,  vulnus 
to  wound,  vulneraro 
icr etched,  miser 
wretehedbi,  niisero 
to  write,  scribero 
a  tvriter,  auctor 
written,  scriptus 

Y. 

ye,  vos;  0  ye,  vos 

a  year,  annus;  every  year,  quot- 
annis;  the  space  of  :?  y('((rs, 
bienniuiii;  (he  sjutcaf  o  years, 
trienniiiin;  the  space  oj  4  years, 
quadrlenniuni 

yellow,  tlavus,  fulvus;  yellow 
ochre,  ochra 

yes,  ita  est 

yet,  tamen;  as  yet,  adliue 

you,  tu,  vos;  O  you,  tu,  v<)s;/ro??i 
you,  te,vobis;o/vo;f,  lui,  vestri, 
vest  rum;  to  you,  tihi,  vobis; 
with  you,  tecum,   vobiscum 

ivith  yourself,  tecum,   vobisi'um 

youny,  juvenis;  a  young  man, 
adulescens,  adolescens;  young- 
er, junior 

your,  tuus,  vester 

a  youth,  adulescens.  adolescens, 
juvenis;  ivhen  a  youOi,  adulu- 
scens,  adolesceus 

youth,  juventus 


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Rider.     Uai:Boaa51.oi;.  ^  ^their  direct  api'licution  •      '.e    ubiishei-s. 

rarti(Mil:'.r  nttention  is  im-ited  to  tliJ  Abn-Henn  iievitu'i',    Vreiir! 
au<l  L^tfin  TeJ't'boohs,  the  use  of  which  resnhs  1)     i    •-    m  n^f 
eXiU'iKV  i'>r  bool:^-  tn     pncos  aiv   very  modenite;  —  2)  B'    •   *''    inij 
thnr     nl    needless    trotihfe    to     both    teacher   nid    r;  I        xh^-    rti 
uro're.  •'(  the  iMer  is  mpid.  while  the  teacher's  tas!    'p  iviidered  vc 
li.^lt,:' _':;         .:  iJesiv*    to  sfadij,  because  piii.ils  iind  : 
mthtril  :      thoti  ur  oiue  so  ea^y  and  inritlnq: 
ii,t   il  i  I  ■-    1^1  i.  pi'irtirf*'   kno\vledL,^e  of  the  Ian.-.;. 
nvuil  rtiirirenit'Ut.s      f   i;  ->    haVL  r.     Another   poim 
iuuieio  u-  s-leelioa  oi  the  e>C'-v;srs.  ard  the  clear  li.oi"  ' 

These  books  aro  puuu  .1  in  h(  t'ifC,  rledV  //  -  <  . 
sii  tcrior  sftffe.  The.  have  stood  the  tr.al  :est  «i  li- 
the' most  searehin*,'  ciiticism;  have  been  adopted  fo-  fX 
numberless  academies,  private  and  imblie  .^  a«-;ols  oil  (  .      r      , 

ire  univovsallv  ackiKVvled<.zed  to  be  the  most  siltUioi'*  (»■  oLs  tor  i 
instrnrnoii  of  chiUInn  while  at  the  same  time  t>  -  an.  -u  the  h( 
t),'fi}ai'<'Noii  for  the  fi'h't.  njir  fifmltj  of  the  lan-^ 

To  faeditato  th-^  ;iit  nxliict  ion  ot  the  A^tn-Henn 
thorn,  in  cert  hi  cas-:..  trrt'  i:j  oxcluilijre  ^<'i*  thos 
tl'o  ^>ime  classes.  -  Spt'eiliU'U  copies  lor  cxamin.    • 
».ipnur.-e  ■   t  of  half  th.-  adv- rfised  pricf.   which  wdl  b 

I  uoks  are  either  r^^tum.  1  or  intr<idr.eed.  S;»ecililon  p'.,.. 


a  mark- 
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'r,>iUe   use 
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oollgrs.  € 
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^foi  e  used 
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■  d  wh»^n  1 

•    'rrati 


W.  S(.«Miror  X'  1N>..  2'.  Tark  Place.  XoNi    V»  r.v. 


